{"product_id":"law-legislation-and-liberty-volume-19-9780226781815","title":"Law Legislation and Liberty Volume 19","description":"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEditorial Preface\u003cbr\u003e Editor’s Introduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Law, Legislation, and Liberty\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Consolidated Preface to the One-Volume Edition\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Volume 1    Rules and Order\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Introduction\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 1          Reason and Evolution Construction and evolution\u003cbr\u003e The tenets of Cartesian rationalism\u003cbr\u003e The permanent limitations of our factual knowledge\u003cbr\u003e Factual knowledge and science\u003cbr\u003e The concurrent evolution of mind and society: the role of rules\u003cbr\u003e The false dichotomy of ‘natural’ and ‘artificial’\u003cbr\u003e The rise of the evolutionary approach\u003cbr\u003e The persistence of constructivism in current thought\u003cbr\u003e Our anthropomorphic language\u003cbr\u003e Reason and abstraction\u003cbr\u003e Why the extreme forms of constructivist rationalism regularly lead to a revolt against reason\u003cbr\u003e   2          Cosmos and Taxis The concept of order\u003cbr\u003e The two sources of order\u003cbr\u003e The distinguishing properties of spontaneous orders\u003cbr\u003e Spontaneous orders in nature\u003cbr\u003e In society, reliance on spontaneous order both extends and limits our powers of control\u003cbr\u003e Spontaneous orders result from their elements obeying certain rules of conduct\u003cbr\u003e The spontaneous order of society is made up of individuals and organizations\u003cbr\u003e The rules of spontaneous order and the rules of organization\u003cbr\u003e The terms ‘organism’ and ‘organization’\u003cbr\u003e   3          Principles and Expediency Individual aims and collective benefits\u003cbr\u003e Freedom can be preserved only by following principles and is destroyed by following expediency\u003cbr\u003e The ‘necessities’ of policy are generally the consequences of earlier measures\u003cbr\u003e The danger of attaching greater importance to the predictable rather than to the merely possible consequences of our actions\u003cbr\u003e Spurious realism and the courage required to consider utopia\u003cbr\u003e The role of the lawyer in political evolution\u003cbr\u003e The modern development of law has been guided largely by false economics\u003cbr\u003e   4          The Changing Concept of Law Law is older than legislation\u003cbr\u003e The lessons of ethology and cultural anthropology\u003cbr\u003e The process of articulation of practices\u003cbr\u003e Factual and normative rules\u003cbr\u003e Early law\u003cbr\u003e The classical and the medieval tradition\u003cbr\u003e The distinctive attributes of law arising from custom and precedent\u003cbr\u003e Why grown law requires correction by legislation\u003cbr\u003e The origin of legislative bodies\u003cbr\u003e Allegiance and sovereignty\u003cbr\u003e   5          Nomos: The Law of Liberty The functions of the judge\u003cbr\u003e How the task of the judge differs from that of the head of an organization\u003cbr\u003e The aim of jurisdiction is the maintenance of an ongoing order of actions\u003cbr\u003e ‘Actions towards others’ and the protection of expectations\u003cbr\u003e In a dynamic order of actions only some expectations can be protected\u003cbr\u003e The maximal coincidence of expectations is achieved by the delimitation of protected domains\u003cbr\u003e The general problem of the effects of values on facts\u003cbr\u003e The ‘purpose’ of law\u003cbr\u003e The articulation of the law and the predictability of judicial decisions\u003cbr\u003e The function of the judge is confined to a spontaneous order\u003cbr\u003e Conclusions\u003cbr\u003e   6          Thesis: The Law of Legislation Legislation originates from the necessity of establishing rules of organization\u003cbr\u003e Law and statute: the enforcement of law and the execution of commands\u003cbr\u003e Legislation and the theory of the separation of powers\u003cbr\u003e The governmental functions of representative assemblies\u003cbr\u003e Private law and public law\u003cbr\u003e Constitutional law\u003cbr\u003e Financial legislation\u003cbr\u003e Administrative law and the police power\u003cbr\u003e The ‘measures’ of policy\u003cbr\u003e The transformation of private law into public law by ‘social’ legislation\u003cbr\u003e The mental bias of a legislature preoccupied with government  \u003cbr\u003e Volume 2    The Mirage of Social Justice\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 7          General Welfare and Particular Purposes In a free society the general good consists principally in the facilitation of the pursuit of unknown individual purposes\u003cbr\u003e The general interest and collective goods\u003cbr\u003e Rules and ignorance\u003cbr\u003e The significance of abstract rules as guides in a world in which most of the particulars are unknown\u003cbr\u003e Will and opinion, ends and values, commands and rules and other terminological issues\u003cbr\u003e Abstract rules operate as ultimate values because they serve unknown particular ends\u003cbr\u003e The constructivist fallacy of utilitarianism\u003cbr\u003e All valid criticism or improvement of rules of conduct must proceed within a given system of such rules\u003cbr\u003e ‘Generalization’ and the test of universalizability\u003cbr\u003e To perform their functions rules must be applied through the long run 8          The Quest for Justice Justice is an attribute of human conduct\u003cbr\u003e Justice and the law\u003cbr\u003e Rules of just conduct are generally prohibitions of unjust conduct\u003cbr\u003e Not only the rules of just conduct, but also the test of their justice, are negative\u003cbr\u003e The significance of the negative character of the test of injustice\u003cbr\u003e The ideology of legal positivism\u003cbr\u003e The ‘pure theory of law’\u003cbr\u003e Law and morals\u003cbr\u003e The ‘law of nature’\u003cbr\u003e Law and sovereignty\u003cbr\u003e   9          ‘Social’ or Distributive Justice The concept of ‘social justice’\u003cbr\u003e The conquest of public imagination by ‘social justice’\u003cbr\u003e The inapplicability of the concept of justice to the results of a spontaneous process\u003cbr\u003e The rationale of the economic game in which only the conduct of the players but not the result can be just\u003cbr\u003e The alleged necessity of a belief in the justice of rewards\u003cbr\u003e There is no ‘value to society’\u003cbr\u003e The meaning of ‘social’\u003cbr\u003e ‘Social justice’ and equality\u003cbr\u003e ‘Equality of opportunity’\u003cbr\u003e ‘Social justice’ and freedom under the law\u003cbr\u003e The spatial range of ‘social justice’\u003cbr\u003e Claims for compensation for distasteful jobs\u003cbr\u003e The resentment of the loss of accustomed positions\u003cbr\u003e Conclusions\u003cbr\u003e Appendix to Chapter Nine           Justice and Individual Rights\u003cbr\u003e   10        The Market Order or Catallaxy The nature of the market order\u003cbr\u003e A free society is a pluralistic society without a common hierarchy of particular ends\u003cbr\u003e Though not a single economy, the Great Society is still held together mainly by what are vulgarly called economic relations\u003cbr\u003e The aim of policy in a society of free men cannot be a maximum of foreknown results but only an abstract order\u003cbr\u003e The game of catallaxy\u003cbr\u003e In judging the adaptations to changed circumstances comparisons of the new with the former position are irrelevant\u003cbr\u003e Rules of just conduct protect only material domains and not market values\u003cbr\u003e The correspondence of expectations is brought about by a disappointment of some expectations\u003cbr\u003e Abstract rules of just conduct can determine only chances and not particular results\u003cbr\u003e Specific commands (‘interference’) in a catallaxy create disorder and can never be just\u003cbr\u003e The aim of law should be to improve equally the chances of all\u003cbr\u003e The Good Society is one in which the chances of anyone selected at random are likely to be as great as possible\u003cbr\u003e   11        The Discipline of Abstract Rules and the Emotions of the Tribal Society The pursuit of unattainable goals may prevent the achievement of the possible\u003cbr\u003e The causes of the revival of the organizational thinking of the tribe\u003cbr\u003e The immoral consequences of morally inspired efforts\u003cbr\u003e In the Great Society ‘social justice’ becomes a disruptive force\u003cbr\u003e From the care of the most unfortunate to the protection of vested interests\u003cbr\u003e Attempts to ‘correct’ the order of the market lead to its destruction\u003cbr\u003e The revolt against the discipline of abstract rules\u003cbr\u003e The morals of the open and of the closed society\u003cbr\u003e The old conflict between loyalty and justice\u003cbr\u003e The small group in the Open Society\u003cbr\u003e The importance of voluntary associations  \u003cbr\u003e Volume 3    The Political Order of a Free People\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e 12        Majority Opinion and Contemporary Democracy The progressive disillusionment about democracy\u003cbr\u003e Unlimited power the fatal defect of the prevailing form of democracy\u003cbr\u003e The true content of the democratic ideal\u003cbr\u003e The weakness of an elective assembly with unlimited powers\u003cbr\u003e Coalitions of organized interests and the apparatus of para-government\u003cbr\u003e Agreement on general rules and on particular measures\u003cbr\u003e   13        The Division of Democratic Powers The loss of the original conception of the functions of a legislature\u003cbr\u003e Existing representative institutions have been shaped by the needs of government, not of legislation\u003cbr\u003e Bodies with powers of specific direction are unsuited for law-making\u003cbr\u003e The character of existing ‘legislatures’ determined by their governmental tasks\u003cbr\u003e Party legislation leads to the decay of democratic society\u003cbr\u003e The constructivistic superstition of sovereignty\u003cbr\u003e The requisite division of the powers of representative assemblies\u003cbr\u003e Democracy or demarchy?\u003cbr\u003e   14        The Public Sector and the Private Sector The double task of government\u003cbr\u003e Collective goods\u003cbr\u003e The delimitation of the public sector\u003cbr\u003e The independent sector\u003cbr\u003e Taxation and the size of the public sector\u003cbr\u003e Security\u003cbr\u003e Government monopoly of services\u003cbr\u003e Information and education\u003cbr\u003e Other critical issues\u003cbr\u003e   15        Government Policy and the Market The advantages of competition do not depend on it being ‘perfect’\u003cbr\u003e Competition as a discovery procedure\u003cbr\u003e If the factual requirements of ‘perfect’ competition are absent, it is not possible to make firms act ‘as if’ it existed\u003cbr\u003e The achievements of the free market\u003cbr\u003e Competition and rationality\u003cbr\u003e Size, concentration and power\u003cbr\u003e The political aspects of economic power\u003cbr\u003e When monopoly becomes harmful\u003cbr\u003e The problem of anti-monopoly legislation\u003cbr\u003e Not individual but group selfishness is the chief threat\u003cbr\u003e The consequences of a political determination of the incomes of the different groups\u003cbr\u003e Organizable and non-organizable interests\u003cbr\u003e   16        The Miscarriage of the Democratic Ideal: A Recapitulation The miscarriage of the democratic ideal\u003cbr\u003e A ‘bargaining’ democracy\u003cbr\u003e The playball of group interests\u003cbr\u003e Laws versus directions\u003cbr\u003e Laws and arbitrary government\u003cbr\u003e From unequal treatment to arbitrariness\u003cbr\u003e Separation of powers to prevent unlimited government\u003cbr\u003e   17        A Model Constitution The wrong turn taken by the development of representative institutions\u003cbr\u003e The value of a model of an ideal constitution\u003cbr\u003e The basic principles\u003cbr\u003e The two representative bodies with distinctive functions\u003cbr\u003e Further observations on representation by age groups\u003cbr\u003e The governmental assembly\u003cbr\u003e The constitutional court\u003cbr\u003e The general structure of authority\u003cbr\u003e Emergency powers\u003cbr\u003e The division of financial powers\u003cbr\u003e   18        The Containment of Power and the Dethronement of Politics Limited and unlimited power\u003cbr\u003e Peace, freedom and justice: the three great negatives\u003cbr\u003e Centralization and decentralization\u003cbr\u003e The rule of the majority versus the rule of laws approved by the majority\u003cbr\u003e Moral confusion and the decay of language\u003cbr\u003e Democratic procedure and egalitarian objectives\u003cbr\u003e ‘State’ and ‘society’\u003cbr\u003e A game according to rules can never know justice of treatment\u003cbr\u003e The para-government of organized interests and the hypertrophy of government\u003cbr\u003e Unlimited democracy and centralization\u003cbr\u003e The devolution of internal policy to local government\u003cbr\u003e The abolition of the government monopoly of services\u003cbr\u003e The dethronement of politics\u003cbr\u003e   Epilogue: The Three Sources of Human Values The errors of sociobiology\u003cbr\u003e The process of cultural evolution\u003cbr\u003e The evolution of self-maintaining complex systems\u003cbr\u003e The stratification of rules of conduct\u003cbr\u003e Customary rules and economic order\u003cbr\u003e The discipline of freedom\u003cbr\u003e The re-emergence of suppressed primordial instincts\u003cbr\u003e Evolution, tradition and progress\u003cbr\u003e The construction of new morals to serve old instincts: Marx\u003cbr\u003e The destruction of indispensable values by scientific error: Freud\u003cbr\u003e The tables turned\u003cbr\u003e   Author Index\u003cbr\u003e Subject Index\u003cbr\u003e  ","brand":"University of Chicago Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51862505259351,"sku":"9780226781815","price":83.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780226781815.jpg?v=1759917969","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/law-legislation-and-liberty-volume-19-9780226781815","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}