{"product_id":"introduction-to-industrial-polypropylene-9781118062760","title":"Introduction to Industrial Polypropylene","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis introductory text is an important resource for new engineers, chemists, students, and chemical industry personnel to understand the technical aspects of polypropylene which is the 2nd largest synthetics polymer in manufactured output.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book considers the following topics:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhat are the principal types of polypropylene and how do they differ?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhat catalysts are used to produce polypropylene and how do they function?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhat is the role of cocatalysts and how have they evolved over the years?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHow are industrial polypropylene catalysts tested and the resultant polymer evaluated?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhat processes are used in the manufacture of polypropylene?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhat are the biopolymer alternatives to polypropylene?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhat companies are the major industrial manufacturers of polypropylene?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhat is the environmental fate of polypropylene?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eList of tables xiii \u003cp\u003eList of figures xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Polymers of Propylene 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Origins of Crystalline Polypropylene 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Basic Description of Polypropylene 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Types and Nomenclature of Polypropylene 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Molecular Weight of Polypropylene 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Transition Metal Catalysts for Propylene Polymerization 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Questions 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Polymer Characterization 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Polymer Tacticity 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Polymer Bulk Density 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Particle Size Distribution and Morphology 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Questions 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 A Brief History of Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Definitions and Nomenclature 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Characteristics of Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Early Commercial Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Prepolymerized Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Mechanism of Ziegler-Natta Polymerization 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Questions and Exercises 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Propylene Polymerization Catalysts 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Zero Generation Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 First Generation ZN Catalysts 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Second Generation ZN Catalysts 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Third Generation ZN Catalysts 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Fourth Generation ZN Catalysts 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Fifth Generation ZN Catalysts 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 ZN Catalysts for Atactic Polypropylene 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Metallocenes and Other Single Site Catalysts 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Cocatalysts for ZN Catalysts 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Kinetics and ZN Catalyst Productivity 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Concluding Remarks 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Questions 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Aluminum Alkyls in Ziegler-Natta Catalysts 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Organometallic Compounds 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2. Characteristics of Aluminum Alkyls 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Production of Aluminum Alkyls 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Reducing Agent for the Transition Metal 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Alkylating Agent for Creation of Active Centers 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Scavenger of Catalyst Poisons 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Chain Transfer Agent 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Questions 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Single Site Catalysts and Cocatalysts 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 The Structures of Metallocenes and SSCs 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Non-Metallocene Polymerization Catalysts 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Cocatalysts for SSCs 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Supports for SSCs 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Characteristics of mPP 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Selected Applications of mPP Resins 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Metallocene Synthesis 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Syndiotactic Polypropylene 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Commercial Reality and Concluding Remarks 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Questions 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Catalyst Manufacture 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Development of the Manufacturing Process 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Chemistry of Catalyst Manufacture 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Raw Materials Storage and Handling 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Catalyst Preparation 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Catalyst Drying 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Catalyst Packaging 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Recovery and Recycle of Spent Solvents 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Prepolymerization at the Catalyst Manufacturing Plant 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Plant Size 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Site Safety 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Quality Control and Specifications 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Diagram of a Hypothetical Plant 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14 Custom Manufacture 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.15 Brief Consideration of Metallocene Catalyst Manufacture 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.16 Concluding Remarks 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.17 Questions 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 An Overview of Industrial Polypropylene Processes 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Slurry (Suspension) Processes 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Bulk (\"Liquid Pool\") Process 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 \"Loop Slurry\" Process (Chevron Phillips Chemical) 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Gas Phase Processes 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Solution process 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Hybrid Processes 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Kinetics and Reactivity Ratios 1968.9 Emergency Stoppage of Polymerization 1988.10 Questions 199References 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Laboratory Catalyst Synthesis 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 General Synthesis Requirements 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Equipment Requirements 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Synthesis Schedule 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Handling TiCl4 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Handling Diethylaluminum Chloride 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Spent Liquids 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Synthetic Procedure for Fourth Generation Supported Catalyst 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Synthetic Procedure for Second Generation Precipitated TiCl3 Catalyst 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Catalyst Analysis 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 Questions 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Polymerization Catalyst Testing 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Facility Requirements 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Autoclave 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Key Equipment Items 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Raw Materials 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Polymerization Conditions 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Autoclave Preparation 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Polymerization Test Procedure 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Reproducibility 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 Downstream Aspects of Polypropylene 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Additives 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Fabrication Methods 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Biopolymers 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Environmental 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Questions 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Overview of Polypropylene Markets 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 The Supply Chain for Polypropylene 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 The Global Polypropylene Market 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Questions 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 The Future of Polypropylene 271\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Key Growth Markets for Polypropylene 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Polypropylene and Free Markets 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Questions 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 000\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406825234775,"sku":"9781118062760","price":108.86,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118062760.jpg?v=1730497245","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/introduction-to-industrial-polypropylene-9781118062760","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}