{"product_id":"how-and-why-species-multiply-9780691149998","title":"How and Why Species Multiply","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCharles Darwin's experiences in the Galapagos Islands in 1835 helped to guide his thoughts toward a revolutionary theory: that species were not fixed but diversified from their ancestors over many generations. This book explains what we have learned about the origin and evolution of new species.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"One of the most compelling documentations of the operation of natural selection. In this book, the Grants aim to capture the key insights provided by Darwin's finches into mechanisms of adaptation and speciation generally. They succeed in making a complex topic accessible without losing the excitement inherent in tackling a difficult problem. There is enough depth to stimulate serious students of evolutionary biology, enough explanation for general readers and an approachable style that will please both.\"--Roger Butlin, Times Higher Education \"This Princeton-based couple presents their own accessible summary of their life's research in How and Why Species Multiply. The authors explain the scientific hypotheses involved...with admirable clarity...yet the book's real strength is not theory but data. The Grants' account makes exciting and lucid reading. Among those who should take note are doubters of 'old-fashioned' research methods who marvel at the prospects of genomics in the lab and wonder what use bird bands have in modern science.\"--Hanna Kokko, Science \"Distilled into 200 pages, this is the life's work of two of evolutionary biology's greatest advocates, Peter and Rosemary Grant. In this book they meld insights from geography, behaviour, ecology and genetics to paint a complex but compelling picture of the evolutionary process. [A] must-have primer for any biology student.\"--Henry Nicholls, New Scientist \"The authors' assertion that 'speciation is a process and not an event,' comes across clearly in this concise and accessible tale of 3 million years of finch evolution.\"--Science News \"The book illustrates how laboratory work, particularly in developmental biology and molecular genetics, can be combined effectively with observations and experimental work in the field.\"--J. S. Schwartz, emeritus, CUNY College of Staten Island, for CHOICE \"This book presents a succinct and most readable summary of one of the most important contemporary field experiments in evolution and adaptive radiation. It should be basic reading for any biologist.\"--Ghillean Prance, Biologist \"[T]he book is authoritative, well prepared and edited ... and attractive. The Grants have provide and excellent third part for the Darwin's finch trilogy, and this volume should serve admirably as a summary of the knowledge that they have accumulated.\"--A. Townsend Peterson, Quarterly Review of Biology \"How and Why Species Multiply is so impressive and such a stimulating read for two primary reasons, the first being the data presented throughout the work. Rarely do we have such detailed data on any natural system and the book draws great strength from this. The second reason is the commanding role given to ecological interactions in explaining the evolutionary dynamics of Darwin's finches.\"--Utku Perktas, Ibis \"The book is valuable as a condensed version of the huge amount of fine work the authors have done on the finches. It should be accessible to scientists and informed lay audiences alike. The theory and ecological aspects are very compelling.\"--Robert M. Zink, Bioscience\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eList of Illustrations xi  List of Tables xv  Preface xvii      CHAPTER ONE: The Biodiversity Problem and Darwin's Finches 1  Biodiversity 1  The Choice of Organisms 2  Darwin's Finches 3  Diversity of Darwin's Finch Species 5  Species and Populations 8  Overview of the Book 11      CHAPTER TWO: Origins and History 13  Introduction 13  Phylogeny 14  Ancestors 16  The Time of Arrival 16  Colonization 17  The Ecological Theater 18  A Change of Scenery 21  The Evolutionary Play 22  Recent History 22  Summary 25      CHAPTER THREE: Modes of Speciation 26  The Formation of New Species 26  Two Groups from One 27  Divergence in Allopatry 28  Coexistence in Sympatry 29  Sympatric Speciation 30  Parapatric Speciation 31  Testing the Models 33  Summary 33      CHAPTER FOUR: Colonization of an Island 35  Speciation: The Initial Split 35  Establishment of a New Population 35  Founder Effects: Expectations from Theory 36  A Colonization Event 38  Inbreeding 39  Recurrent Immigration 39  An Alternative Phenology of Founder Effects 42  Conclusion 42  Species Elsewhere 44  Summary 45      CHAPTER FIVE: Natural Selection, Adaptation, and Evolution 46  Adaptation 46  Beak Sizes and Diets 47  Adaptive Evolution When the Environment Changes 50  Natural Selection 52  Evolution 54  Oscillating Directional Selection 55  Extrapolating from Short to Long Term 58  The Sources of Variation 58  How Beaks Are Formed 59  Depth and Width 59  Length 62  Summary 63      CHAPTER SIX: Ecological Interactions 65  Introduction 65  Competition 66  Patterns of Coexistence 66  Diets Inferred from Beaks 67  Interpreting the Patterns 67  Character Displacement and Release 68  Character Displacement Observed 68  The Competitive Role of G. Magnirostris 69  Selection under Contrasting Conditions 73  Evolution of Character Displacement 73  Summary 75      CHAPTER SEVEN: Reproductive Isolation 76  Pre-mating Barrier to Interbreeding 76  Factors Involved in the Discrimination between Species 76  Beaks 77  Song 77  Learning 79  Song Differences between Species 80  Song Divergence in Allopatry 81  Adaptation to Habitat 83  Change of Songs as a Consequence of Morphological Divergence 84  The Role of Chance 86  Simulating Secondary Contact 88  Summary 91      CHAPTER EIGHT: Hybridization 92  Introduction 92  Hybridization 92  Why Hybridization Occurs 93  When Hybridization Does Not Occur 96  Hybrid Fitness 97  Introgression on Daphne Major 100  Introgression in the Archipelago 103  Reinforcement 103  Reproductive Character Displacement 105  Evolutionary Significance of Introgression 106  Summary 107      CHAPTER NINE: Species and Speciation 108  Introduction 108  From Process to Product:What Is a Species? 109  A Working Definition 110  How Many Species of Darwin's Finches? 111  Certhidea olivacea: One Species or Two? 112  Geospiza difficilis: One Species or Three? 113  From Product Back to Process 114  Fission and Fusion 116  Summary 119      CHAPTER TEN: Reconstructing the Radiation of Darwin's Finches 120  Introduction 120  The Shape of the Radiation 121  Speciation and Extinction 123  Speciation 125  Extinction 126  Implications for Phylogeny 127  Adaptive Landscape 128  A Pattern of Ecological Segregation 133  Specialization 134  The Buildup of Complex Communities 134  Summary 135      CHAPTER ELEVEN: Facilitators of Adaptive Radiation 137  Introduction 137  Environmental Opportunity 138  Geographical Suitability 139  Ecological Opportunity 140  High Diversification Potential 142  Behavioral Flexibility 142  Introgressive Hybridization 145  Hybridization and Animal Breeding 146  Environmental Conditions Conducive to Introgression 146  Finches versus Mockingbirds 148  Summary 150      CHAPTER TWELVE: The Life History of Adaptive Radiations 152  Introduction 152  The First Stage of Adaptive Radiation 153  The Second Stage of Adaptive Radiation 154  Haldane's Rule 157  The Third Stage of Adaptive Radiation 158  Synthesis 160  Summary 162      CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Summary of the Darwin's Finch Radiation 163  What Happened and Why 163  What Is Missing? 165      Epilogue 166  Glossary 168  References 175  Author Index 201  Subject Index 210","brand":"Princeton University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49403782136151,"sku":"9780691149998","price":28.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/how-and-why-species-multiply-9780691149998","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}