{"product_id":"groupproblemsolving-9780691147918","title":"groupproblemsolving","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePresents important theories and experimental research about group problem solving. This book focuses on tasks that have demonstrably correct solutions within mathematical, logical, scientific, or verbal systems, including algebra problems, analogies, vocabulary, and logical reasoning problems.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"Humans solve problems in groups. For almost one hundred years, psychologists have conducted studies of group problem solving, and in this book, Patrick Laughlin reviews the results of these efforts. A particularly strong aspect of \u003ci\u003eGroup Problem Solving\u003c\/i\u003e is the use of mathematical models to show how group members combine their reasoning and prior knowledge in order to reach a consensus. This book will interest social psychologists, industrial-organizational psychologists, and those who want illustrations of how mathematical modeling can guide psychological research.\"\u003cb\u003e—Earl Hunt, University of Washington\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"It is good to see this concise and well-organized textbook become available as there hasn't been one on this subject in decades. The research is solid and among the most rigorous and meticulous of experimental work being conducted on group performance.\"\u003cb\u003e—Verlin B. Hinsz, North Dakota State University\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"There is no better person to write this book than Patrick Laughlin. His work on group problem solving over the past four decades has been some of the most insightful and thorough research ever conducted on this topic. This excellent book will find a prominent place on my bookshelf.\"\u003cb\u003e—R. Scott Tindale, Loyola University, Chicago\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments xv      Chapter One: Basic Concepts in Group Problem Solving 1  Group Task, Structure, Process, and Product 1  Interpersonal Influence Processes 3  Group Tasks 3  Additive, Compensatory, Conjunctive, Disjunctive, and Complementary 3  Divisible and Unitary 5  Maximizing and Optimizing 5  Intellective and Judgmental 5  Summary 6  Laboratory Experimental Research on Group Problem Solving 7  Overview of Chapters 7      Chapter Two: Social Combination Models 8  Marjorie Shaw's Classic Study 8  Experimental Designs 10  The Lorge and Solomon Model A 10  The Lorge and Solomon Model A as an Application of the Binomial Theorem 12  Smoke and Zajonc: Group Decision Schemes 12  Thomas and Fink: Extension to More Than Two Response Alternatives 15  Davis: Social Decision Scheme Theory 16  Model Testing and Model Fitting 19  Summary 20      Chapter Three: Memory and Group Problem Solving 22  Recognition Memory 23  Transactive Memory 25  No Communication during Learning or Retrieval 26  Communication during Retrieval 27  Communication during Learning and Retrieval 29  Nine Propositions 31  Cognitive Interdependence and Convergent Expectations 32  Shared and Unshared Information 35  Optimal Assignment of Items to Members 35  Shared and Unshared Knowledge 37  Information Sampling Model 37  Solving a Problem versus Making a Judgment 38  Social Validation of Information 38  Common Knowledge Effect 40  Group Judgment 40  Group Choice 41  Jury Memory 42  Summary 43      Chapter Four: Group Ability Composition on World Knowledge Problems 45  English Vocabulary 45  General Achievement 52  Remote Verbal Associations 53  Homogeneity and Heterogeneity of Group Member Ability 54  Conclusions on Group Ability Composition 55      Chapter Five: Collective Induction 57  An Inductive Rule-Learning Task 58  Collective versus Individual Induction: Effects of Increasing Evidence 58  Collective versus Individual Induction: Effects of Increasing Hypotheses 65  Collective Induction with Increasing Hypotheses and Increasing Evidence 67  Positive Hypothesis Tests and Negative Hypothesis Tests 70  Simultaneous Collective and Individual Induction 72  Social Combination Processes 76  A Theory of Collective Induction 80  Collective Induction in Competitive Auctions 82      Chapter Six: Letters-to-Numbers Problems 87  Letters-to-Numbers Problems 87  Letters-to-N umbers Strategies 88  Two-Letter Substitution Strategy 89  Multiletter Substitution Strategy 89  Known Answer Strategy 90  Combined Known Answer and Multiletter Substitution Strategy 91  Groups Perform Better Than the Best Individuals 91  Trials to Solution 91  Letters per Equation 92  Letters Identified per Equation 92  Two-Letter Substitution Strategy 93  Known Answer Strategy 93  Summary of Results 94  Discussion 95  Groups Perform Better Than the Best Individuals: Informative Equations and Effective Strategies 96  Five Instruction Conditions 96  Trials to Solution 98  Equations with Minimal Letters 98  Groups Perform Better Than the Best Individuals: Effects of Group Size 101  Previous Research on Group Size on Intellective Tasks 101  Experimental Design 103  Trials to Solution 103  Why Do Groups Perform Better Than the Best Individuals on Letters-to-N umbers Problems? 107      Chapter Seven: Group-to-Individual Problem-Solving Transfer 109  Specific Transfer 109  Analogies 109  Mathematical Problems 111  General Transfer 113  Mathematical Problems 113  Brainteasers 114  Logical Implication 115  Four Issues in Group-to-Individual Transfer 116  Design 119  Summary 122      Chapter Eight: Social Choice Theory 124  Basic Concepts of Social Choice Theory 125  Motions (Alternatives) and Preference Orders 125  For-Against Matrices 125  Sequential Pairwise Voting and the Paradox of Voting 126  Runoff Elections 128  Rank Order Voting 128  Approval Voting 130  The Median Voter Theorem 131  Condorcet Jury Theorem 131  Experimental Evidence for Social Choice Theory 132  The Median Voter Theorem 132  Agenda Influence 134  Condorcet Jury Theorem 136  Successive Majorities in a Hierarchical System 137  A Remarkable Concurrence 139  Social Choice Theory and Group Problem Solving: The Constitutional Convention of 1787 140      Chapter Nine: Conclusions 141  Generalizations 141  Retrospective and Prospective 142  References 145  Index 155","brand":"Princeton University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49403778400599,"sku":"9780691147918","price":31.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/groupproblemsolving-9780691147918","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}