{"product_id":"georgian-9781138241121","title":"Georgian","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eGeorgian: A Comprehensive Grammar \u003c\/i\u003econstitutes a complete reference work addressing all major elements of modern Georgian grammar and usage.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt provides a systematic and accessible description of the language's phonology, orthography, morphology, and syntax. The focus is on contemporary spoken and written usage, with attention devoted throughout to differences in register and genre. Points are illustrated with examples drawn from a range of authentic written and recorded sources, such as press, radio, and television.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe grammar is designed for a wide readership, including students of Georgian, particularly at the intermediate and advanced levels, as well as scholars of Georgian and theoretical linguistics.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGEORGIAN LANGUAGE AND ALPHABET\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. PLACE OF THE GEORGIAN LANGUAGE AMONG \u003cbr\u003eTHE SOUTH CAUCASIAN LANGUAGES \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. THE GEORGIAN ALPHABET \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePHONOLOGY\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. SOUND SYSTEM OF THE GEORGIAN LANGUAGE \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1. Classification of consonants \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1.1. Consonant triples \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1.2. Consonant pairs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1.3. Separate consonants \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1.4. Structure of consonant clusters \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.2. Classification of vowels \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.2.1. Backness \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.2.2. Height \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.2.3. Traingle of vowels \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMORPHOLOGY\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. NOUNS \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1. Noun groups \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1.1. Animate and inanimate nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1.2. Concrete and abstract nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1.3. Proper and common nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1.4. Collective nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1.5. Noncount nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2. Grammatical categories of nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2.1. Case and number markers \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2.2. Function of cases \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3. Declension of noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3.1. Declension of common nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3.1.1. Declension of consonant-stem \u003cbr\u003enon-syncopating common nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3.1.2. Declension of consonant-stem \u003cbr\u003esyncopating common nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3.1.3. Consonant-stem common nouns with \u003cbr\u003eirregular syncopation patterns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3.1.4. Declension of vowel-stem common \u003cbr\u003enouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3.1.5. Declension of vowel-stem \u003cbr\u003enon-truncating common nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3.1.6. Declension of vowel-stem truncating \u003cbr\u003ecommon nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3.1.7. Vowel-stem common nouns with \u003cbr\u003eirregular declension patterns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3.1.8. Declension of vowel-stem truncating \u003cbr\u003ecommon nouns with syncope \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4. Declension of proper names \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4.1. Declension of consonant-stem personal names \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4.2. Declension of consonant-stem geographic names \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4.3. Declension of vowel-stem given names \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4.4. Declension of vowel-stem family names \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4.5. Declension of given and family names together \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4.6. Vowel-stem geographic names \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4.6.1. Non-truncating geographic names \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4.6.2. Truncating geographic names \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5. ADJECTIVES \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.1. Groups of Adjectives \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.1.1. Derivative Adjectives \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.2. Comparative and superlative Adjectives \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3. Declension of Adjectives \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3.1. Declension of adjectives without noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3.2. Declension of Adjectives preceding noun\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1. Declension of vowel-stem adjectives \u003cbr\u003epreceding noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2. Declension of consonant stem adjectives \u003cbr\u003epreceding noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6. NUMERALS \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.1. Types of numerals \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.1.1. Cardinal numerals \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.1.2. Spelling of Cardinal Numerals \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2. Ordinal and Fractional Numerals \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3. Declension of Numerals \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.1. Declension of consonant-stem cardinal numerals \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.1.1. Declension of consonant-stem cardinal \u003cbr\u003enumerals \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.1.2. Declension of consonant-stem quantifiers \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.2. Declension of vowel-stem numerals \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.2.1. Declension of vowel-stem cardinal \u003cbr\u003enumerals \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.2.2. Declension of vowel-stem quantifiers \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.2.3. Declension of vowel stem ordinal numerals \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.3. Declension of cardinal numerals extended \u003cbr\u003eby particles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.4. Declension of numerals followed by noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.4.1. Declension of vowel-stem numerals \u003cbr\u003efollowed by noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.4.2. Declension of consonant-stem cardinal \u003cbr\u003enumerals followed by noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3.5. Declension of numerals followed by numerals \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7. PRONOUNS \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.1. Personal pronouns and their declension\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.2. Reflexive pronouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.3. Possessive pronouns and their declension \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.3.1. Declension of possesive pronouns with noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.4. Demonstrative pronouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.4.1. Declension of demonstrative pronouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.4.2. Declension of demonstrative pronouns preceding \u003cbr\u003enoun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.4.3. Declension of demonstrative pronouns with added \u003cbr\u003eparticles separately and with noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.5. Interrogative pronouns and their declension \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.5.1. Declension of interrogative pronouns preceding \u003cbr\u003enoun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.6. Possessive-interrogative pronouns and their \u003cbr\u003edeclension \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.6.1. Declension of possessive-interrogative pronouns \u003cbr\u003epreceding noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.7. Negative pronouns and their declension \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.8. Definite pronouns and their declension \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.8.1. Declension of definite pronouns preceding noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.9. Indefinite pronouns and their declension \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.9.1. Declension of indefinite pronouns preceding noun \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.10. Reciprocal pronouns and their declension \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.11. Relative pronouns and their Declension \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8. COMPOUNDS \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.1. Semantics of Compounds \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.2. Structure of Compounds \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.2.1. Compounds with reduplicated stems \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.2.2. Compounds with different stems \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.2.3. Closed Compounds \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9. VERBS \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.1. Person and number of the Verb \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.1.1. Persons and actants \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.1.2. Subject and number markers \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.1.3. Direct\/indirect object and number markers \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.1.4. Subject and object cases \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.1.5. Inversion of subject and object markers \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.1.6. Grammatical and actual verb persons \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.2. Preverbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.2.1. Structure of preverbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.2.2. Functions of preverb \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.3. Voice and Transitivity of verbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.3.1. Active voice \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.3.2. Passive voice \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.3.2.1. Suffixal passive voice verbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.3.2.2. Prefixal passive voice verbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.3.2.3. Root passive voice verbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.3.3. Medial verbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.3.3.1. Medio-Active verbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.3.3.2. Medio-Passive verbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.4. Version \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.4.1. Neutral and Locative versions \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.4.2. Subjective version \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.4.3. Objective version \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.5. Tense and its subcategories \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.5.1. Mood \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.5.2. Aspect \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6. Conjugation of Verbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.1. I Series \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.1.2. Present Subseries \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.1.2.1. Present \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.1.2.2. Imperfect \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.1.2.3. Present subjunctive \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.1.3. Future Subseries \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.2. II Series \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.2.1. Aorist \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.2.2. Optative \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.3. III Series\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.3.1. Perfect \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.3.2. Pluperfect \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6.3.3. Perfect subjunctive \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.7. Irregular verbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.7.1. Irregular verbs with changing stems in agreement \u003cbr\u003ewith a plural subject \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.7.2. Irregular verbs with changing stems in agreement \u003cbr\u003ewith a plural direct object \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.7.3. Honorific verbs of polite conversation \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.7.4. Irregular verbs with changing stems by tense \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.7.5. Irregular verbs with changimg stems by aspect \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.8. Verbal nouns \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.8.1. Gerund and its derivation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.8.2. Participles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.8.2.1. Active voice Participles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.8.2.2. Passive voice participles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.8.2.2.1. Past passive participles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.8.2.2.2. Future passive participles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.8.2.2.3 Negative passive participles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.8.2.3. Medial voice participles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e10. ADVERBS \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.1. Primary and derivative adverbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.2. Semantic groups of Adverbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11. POSPOSITIONS \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12. CONJUNCTIONS \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.1. Coordinating Conjunctions \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.1.1. Correlative Conjunctions \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.1.2. Separating Conjunctions \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.1.3. Contrastive Conjunctions \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.1.4. Equating Conjunctions \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.2. Subordinating Conjunctions \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13. PARTICLES \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.1. Interrogative particles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.2. Limiting particles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.3. Negation particles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.4. Affirmative particles\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.5. Reported speech particles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.6. Approximating particles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.7. Emphasizing particles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.8. Particles expressing wish or desire \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.9. Selective particles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.10. Particles expressing possibility or supposition \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.11. Imitative particles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.12. Indicative particles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.13. Particle denoting frequency of action \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.14. Particle denoting not witnessed action \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.15. Parts of speech functioning as particles \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e14. INTERJECTIONS \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSINTACTIC STRUCTURES\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e15. NOUN PHRASE \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.1. Noun\/subject \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.2. Noun\/direct and indirect objects \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.3. Adjectives \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.3.1. Attributive adjectives \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.3.2. Genitive modifier \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e16. VERB PHRASE \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.1. Predicate \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.1.1. Simple predicate \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.1.2. Compound predicate and its structure \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.2. Adjunct object \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.3. Predicative adjective \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.4. Adverbial modifiers \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17. SYNTACTYC PAIRS \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.1. Number of syntactic pairs in the sentence \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.2. Types of word relations within syntactic pairs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.2.1. Coordination \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.2.2. Subordination \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.3. Increasing and decreasing basic parts of a \u003cbr\u003esentence \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.3.1. Increasing the number of actants in a \u003cbr\u003esentence \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.3.1.1. Increasing the number of actants with \u003cbr\u003ecausative verbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.3.1.2. Increasing the number of actants by \u003cbr\u003echanging version \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.3.1.3. Increasing the number of actants \u003cbr\u003ewith preverbs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.3.2. Decreasing the number of actants in a sentence \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.3.2.1. Conversion \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e18. MODALITY OF SENTENCES \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.1. Declarative sentence \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.2. Interrogative sentence \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.3. Imperative and Exclamative sentences \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.4. Interrogative-Exclamative sentence \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19. STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.1. Simple Sentences \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.1.1. Unextended and extended sentences \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.1.2. Complete and Incomplete Sentences \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.1.3. Sentences without or with omitted subjects \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.1.4. Noun-sentence \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.2. Sentence with coordinated parts \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.2.1. Coordinated parts \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.2.1.1. Joining coordinated parts \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.3. Coordinated parts in syntactic pairs \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.3.1. Compound predicates \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.3.2. Compound subjects \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.3.3. Coordinated direct objects \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.3.4. Coordinated indirect objects \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.4. Parenthetical words and phrases \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.4.1. Appositive \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.4.2. Free modifiers \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.4.3. Asides \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.4.4. Addressing formulas and expressions \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e20. COMPLEX SENTENCE \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.1. Complex coordinate sentence \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.2. Complex subordinate sentence \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.3. Adverbial Clause of Condition \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.4. Adverbial Clause of Concession \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.5. Adverbial Clause of Result \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.6. The compound-complex sentence \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.6.1. Compound sentence with several subordinate \u003cbr\u003eclauses \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.6.2. Mixed sentences \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.7. Direct and Indirect speech \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBIBLIOGRAPHY \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51019469783383,"sku":"9781138241121","price":118.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781138241121.jpg?v=1750780370","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/georgian-9781138241121","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}