{"product_id":"gene-sharing-and-evolution-the-diversity-of-protein-functions-9780674023413","title":"Gene Sharing and Evolution The Diversity of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Gene Sharing and Evolution Piatigorsky explores the generality and implications of gene sharing throughout evolution and argues that most if not all proteins perform a variety of functions in the same and in different species, and that this is a fundamental necessity for evolution.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEvery textbook of molecular evolution has a section on gene sharing but this is the first book entirely devoted to the topic. Piatigorsky considers almost all aspects of gene sharing, provides numerous examples, and discusses the importance and contribution of gene sharing to evolution. He argues forcefully that gene sharing is widespread in many genomes. His arguments will likely alter the prevailing view of gene sharing as a unique phenomenon to crystallins. -- Jianzhi George Zhang, Associate Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Michigan\u003cbr\u003eThis book introduces, explains and elaborates on the very interesting fact that some genes produce proteins that serve different (and important) functions in the same organism. This is a remarkable story well told and interesting from both evolutionary and functional perspectives. -- Russell D. Fernald, Benjamin Scott Crocker Professor of Biological Sciences at Stanford University\u003cbr\u003eIt has been a dogma of evolutionary biology that gene duplication precedes the evolution of new gene and protein function. Joram Piatigorsky stands this scenario on its head by showing that, in the case of lens crystallins and probably other protein families, functional diversity can precede gene duplication. His revolutionary perspective provides unexpected insight into how biological systems evolve. -- Austin Hughes, Professor of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina\u003cbr\u003eI have not encountered such an interesting, intellectually stimulating and exciting biological monograph in many years. Piatigorsky discusses the phenomenon of gene sharing on all levels, the molecular and cellular, as well as in the context of ìsystem biologyî and finally its ramifications on our views on evolution. He manages to concentrate a tremendous amount of information in this book and whatever he says has experimental backing. His precise and detailed technical descriptions are presented in a very readable style that also projects a sense of wonder and surprise. This is an extraordinary book that I hope will have an important impact on future biological thinking. -- Dr. Alex Keynan, Professor at Hebrew University and Special Adviser to the President of the Israeli National Academy of Sciences\u003cbr\u003e[\u003ci\u003eGene Sharing and Evolution\u003c\/i\u003e] provides great motivation for evolutionists to continue investigating the origins of new protein function, a topic central to evo-devo biology. The book is a parade of interesting molecular biology with abundant and clear color illustrations. The work is copiously referenced. With over 1100 references in the bibliography, most anyone is certain to find new and interesting literature. As such, I recommend \u003ci\u003eGene Sharing and Evolution\u003c\/i\u003e for a graduate seminar, as a reference book on gene multi-functionality with many detailed examples, and for anyone pondering the evolutionary origins of novelty at the molecular level. -- Todd H. Oakley * Evolution \u0026amp; Development *\u003cbr\u003eA masterpiece for a broad medical and scientific readership. The text provides a powerful reminder that genes and proteins do not function as isolated entities but are components of a dynamic and elaborate temporal network. With the recent advent of the -omics disciplines, we are witnessing fundamental changes that propel biomedical sciences toward a new level, in which the global perspectives become the fundamental priority. -- Richard A. Stein * Journal of the American Medical Association *\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eList of Illustrations    Preface    1. What Is \"Gene Sharing\"?   New Functions for Old Proteins and the Question of Gene Duplication   Origin of the Term \"Gene Sharing\"   Gene Sharing: General Definition and Implications   Protein Location and Gene Regulation   Why the Term \"Gene Sharing\"?   Mechanisms for Diversifying Gene Functions   Posttranslational Modifications   Conditions for Initiating Gene Sharing   Contrasting Phenotype with Protein Function   Take-Home Message    2. Multifunctions and Functional Shifts: Echos from the Past   Preadaptation, Prospective Adaptation, and Hopeful Monsters   Quirky Functional Shifts and Exaptation   Spandrels and Gene Sharing   Gene Regulation and Tinkering   Take-Home Message    3. The Elusive Concept of a \"Gene\"   The Classical Gene Concept   The Mendel-Morgan Chromosomal Theory of the Gene   Later Developments: One Gene\/One Enzyme\/One Polypeptide   The Molecular Era of the Gene: So Much Data, So Many Possibilities   Quantifying Genes before the Molecular Era   Quantifying Genes in the Molecular Era: Fewer than Expected   Noncoding Regulatory Genes   Protein Diversity   The Ambiguous Gene   The \"Molecular Gene\" Concept   The \"Molecular Process Gene\" Concept   The \"Evolutionary Gene\" Concept   Two Concepts for One Gene: Gene-P\/Gene-D   Gene Sharing: A Concept Incorporating an \"Open Gene\"   Take-Home Message    4. Eyes and Lenses: Gene Sharing by Crystallins   Eye Diversity: Many Forms to Perform a Function   The Lens   Crystallins and the Optical Properties of the Lens   Diversity and Taxon-Specificity of Lens Crystallins   Crystallins Are Borrowed Proteins   The bg-Crystallins: A Superfamily with Distant Stress Connections   The Enzyme-Crystallins of Vertebrates   Crystallins of Invertebrates   Crystallin Gene Regulation in Vertebrates: A Similar Cast of Transcription Factors   Convergent Evolution of Crystallin Gene Expression   Evolutionary Dynamism of shsp\/aB-Crystallin Gene Expression   Convergent Evolution of Invertebrate and Vertebrate Crystallin Promoters   Potential for Lens-Specific Promoter Activity   Convergent Evolution and Relaxed Stringency for Crystallins   Take-Home Message    5. The Enigmatic \"Corneal Crystallins\": Putative Cases of Gene Sharing   The Cornea   Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: A Candidate Corneal Crystallin   Other Candidate Corneal Crystallins: Transketolase, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, and Cyclophilin   Adseverin: A Corneal Crystallin in Zebrafish   A Signaling Role for Adseverin   Corneal Gene Expression   The Refracton Hypothesis: Implications for Gene Sharing   Take-Home Message    6. Gene Sharing As a Common Event: Many Multifunctional Proteins   Glycolytic Enzymes and the Versatile Hexokinases   Citrate Synthase: An Enzyme and a Cytoskeletal Structure   Lactate Dehydrogenase: An Enzyme for All Seasons   Regulation of mRNA Translation by Enzyme Binding   Glyceraldehye-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase: Constant Surprises   Enolase: Another Versatile Protein   Bacterial Surface Enzymes   Xanthine Oxidoreductase: Enzyme and Envelope   The Thioredoxin\/Ribonucleotide Reductase System and Thioredoxin Family Members: From Redox to Morphogenesis   Serum Albumin: Transport Protein, Enzymatic Vasodilator and Detoxifier   Gelsolin: Roles in Cytoskeletal Structure, Gene Expression, Cell Death, and Signal Transduction   Cytochrome c: Roles in Electron Transport, Cell Death, and Light Filtration   Take-Home Message    7. Gene Sharing during Gene Expression   Complexity of Transcription   Nuclear Receptors   Metabolic Enzymes and Gene Expression   Y-Box Proteins   Transcription Factors as Translational Regulators: Bicoid   Translation Factors for RNA Export: eIF4   Homeoproteins, Chromosomal Proteins and Actin   The Dynamic Flux of Nuclear Proteins   Take-Home Message    8. Gene Sharing As a Dynamic Evolutionary Process: Antifreeze Proteins and Hemoglobins   Antifreeze Proteins   Hemoglobins   Take-Home Message    9. Gene Duplication and the Evolution of New Functions   Gene Duplication and Retention of Redundant Genes   Birth and Death of Duplicated Genes   Adaptive Evolution by Positive Selection: New Functions after Gene Duplication   Subfunctionalization and Gene Sharing   Rapid Subfunctionalization with Slow Neofunctionalization   Gene Sharing Is Independent of Gene Duplication   Lens Crystallins: Gene Sharing at Different Stages of Duplication   Take-Home Message    10. Gene Sharing and Systems Biology: Implications and Speculations   Networks   Evolvability   Selective Pressure Affecting Gene Regulation   Functional Switching and the Notion of Functional \"Trespassing\"   Functional Noise   Genetic Differences in Levels of Gene Expression   The Molecular Clock   Gene Knockout Experiments   Gene Deletion of b-Catenin   Horizontal Gene Transfer   Take-Home Message    11. Recapitulations: Ambiguities and Possibilities  \t Ambiguity of Cause and Effect   Natural Selection Versus Random Drift   Gene Sharing and Robustness: When Is a Mutation Neutral?   Inconsistency with Design   Naming Is Not Knowing   The Question of Tissue Homology   Phylogenetic Trees: The Complication of Function   Defining and Counting Genes   Definition of Polypeptide Function: The Ambiguity of Molecular Mechanism   Between Genotype and Phenotype   Gene Sharing and the Importance of Research on Diverse Species   Medical Implications    Glossary   References   Index","brand":"Harvard University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49403529068887,"sku":"9780674023413","price":64.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780674023413.jpg?v=1730483737","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/gene-sharing-and-evolution-the-diversity-of-protein-functions-9780674023413","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}