{"product_id":"fundamentals-of-earthquake-engineering-9781118678923","title":"Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCombines aspects of engineering seismology, structural and geotechnical earthquake engineering to assemble the vital components required for a deep understanding of response of structures to earthquake ground motion: from the seismic source to the evaluation of actions and deformation required for design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols xxii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Earthquake Characteristics 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Causes of Earthquakes 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Plate Tectonics Theory 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Faulting 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.3 Seismic Waves 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Measuring Earthquakes 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Intensity 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Magnitude 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Intensity–Magnitude Relationships 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Source]to]Site Effects 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Directional Effects 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Site Effects 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Dispersion and Incoherence 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Effects of Earthquakes 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Damage to Buildings and Lifelines 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Effects on the Ground 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2.1 Surface Rupture 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2.2 Settlement and Uplift 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2.3 Liquefaction 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2.4 Landslides 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Human and Financial Losses 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Response of Structures 54\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 General 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Conceptual Framework 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Definitions 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Strength] versus Ductility]Based Response 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Member] versus System]Level Consideration 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Nature of Seismic Effects 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Fundamental Response Quantities 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Social and Economic Limit States 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Structural Response Characteristics 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Stiffness 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.1 Factors Influencing Stiffness 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.2 Effects on Action and Deformation Distributions 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.3 Non]structural Damage Control 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Strength 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.1 Factors Influencing Strength 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.2 Effects on Load Path 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.3 Structural Damage Control 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Ductility 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3.1 Factors Influencing Ductility 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3.2 Effects on Action Redistribution 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3.3 Structural Collapse Prevention 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Overstrength 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Damping 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.6 Relationship between Strength, Overstrength and Ductility: Force Reduction Factor ‘Supply’ 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Earthquake Input Motion 136\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 General 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Earthquake Occurrence and Return Period 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Ground]Motion Models (Attenuation Relationships) 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Features of Strong]Motion Data for Attenuation Relationships 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Attenuation Relationship for Europe 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Attenuation Relationship for Japan 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Attenuation Relationships for North America 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4.1 Central and Eastern United States 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4.2 Western North America 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Worldwide Attenuation Relationships 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Earthquake Spectra 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Factors Influencing Response Spectra 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Elastic and Inelastic Spectra 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Simplified Spectra 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.1 Spectra from Attenuation Relationships 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.2 Spectra from Ground]Motion Parameters 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Force Reduction Factors (Demand) 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4.1 Newmark and Hall (1982) 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4.2 Krawinkler and Nassar (1992) 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4.3 Miranda and Bertero (1994) 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4.4 Vidic et al. (1994) 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4.5 Borzi and Elnashai (2000) 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4.6 Comparison between Response Modification Factor Models 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Design Spectra 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.6 Vertical Component of Ground Motion 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.7 Vertical Motion Spectra 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Earthquake Records 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Natural Records 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1.1 Regional Differences 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1.2 Selection Criteria 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Artificial Records 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Records Based on Mathematical Formulations 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Scaling of Earthquake Records 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4.1 Scaling Based on Peak Ground Parameters 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4.2 Scaling Based on Spectrum Intensity 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Duration and Number of Cycles of Earthquake Ground Motions 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Use of Earthquake Databases 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Software for Deriving Spectra and Generation of Ground]Motion Records 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Derivation of Earthquake Spectra 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2 Generation of Ground]Motion Records 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Response Evaluation 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 General 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Conceptual Framework 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Ground Motion and Load Modelling 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Seismic Load Combinations 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Structural Modelling 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Materials 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.1 Metals 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.2 Reinforced Concrete 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Sections 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Components and Systems for Structural Modelling 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.1 Beams and Columns 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.2 Connections 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.3 Diaphragms 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.4 Infills 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.5 Frames 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.6 Structural Walls 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Masses 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Methods of Analysis 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Dynamic Analysis 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.1 Modal and Spectral Analyses 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.2 Response]History Analysis 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1.3 Incremental Dynamic Analysis 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Static Analysis 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.1 Equivalent Static Analysis 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2.2 Pushover Analysis 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Simplified Code Method 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Performance Levels and Objectives 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Output for Assessment 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Actions 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 Deformations 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Fragility Relationships for Structures 300\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 General 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Theory and Applications 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Empirical Functions 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Analytical Functions 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Seismic Soil–Structure Interaction 340\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 General 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Effects of SSI on Structural Response 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Modelling Methods for the Soil–Foundation System 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Lumped Elastic Springs and Dampers 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Frequency]Dependent Stiffness and Damping 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Inelastic Elements for Near]Field Soil 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Modelling of Pile and Pile Group Foundations 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Lumped Spring–Mass–Damper System 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.6 Time Series Representation of Foundation Reaction 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Analysis Methods 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Frequency]Domain Analyses 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Direct Approach 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Multistep Approach 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Application Examples 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Pile–Soil Interaction Analysis 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.1 Site Properties 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.2 Finite Element Model 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1.3 Analysis and Results 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Meloland Road Overcrossing – Embankment–Structure Interaction 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2.1 Bridge and Site Properties 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2.2 Embankment and Foundation Model 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2.3 Soil–Structure]Interaction Analysis Configuration 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2.4 Dynamic Properties of the Embankment–Bridge System 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2.5 Time]History Analysis Results 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Caruthersville Bridge 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcluding Remarks 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A – Structural Configurations and Systems for Effective Earthquake Resistance 379\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Structural Configurations 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.1 Plan Regularity 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.2 Elevation Regularity 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Structural Systems 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.1 Horizontal Systems 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2 Vertical Systems 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2.1 Moment]Resisting Frames 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2.2 Braced Frames 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2.3 Structural Walls 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2.4 Hybrid Frames 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2.5 Tube Systems 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B – Damage to Structures 409\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 Structural Deficiencies 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1.1 Buildings 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1.2 Bridges 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 Examples of Damage to Buildings 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.1 RC Buildings 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.1.1 Beams 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.1.2 Columns 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.1.3 Beam]to]Column Joints 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.1.4 Frames 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.1.5 Walls 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.2 Masonry Buildings 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.2.1 Failure in Load]Bearing Walls 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.2.2 Failure in Non]bearing Walls 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.2.3 Failure of Wall Connections 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.3 Steel and Composite Buildings 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.3.1 Member Failures 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.3.2 Connection Failures 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2.3.3 System Failures 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3 Examples of Damage to Bridges 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3.1 Span Failure 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3.2 Abutment Failure 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3.3 Pier Failure 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3.3.1 Column Flexural Failure 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3.3.2 Column Shear Failure 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3.3.3 Column Buckling and Fractures 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3.4 Joint Failure 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3.5 Footing Failure 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3.6 Geotechnical Effects 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.4 Lessons Learnt from Previous Earthquakes 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.4.1 Requisites of RC Structures 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.4.2 Requisites of Masonry Structures 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.4.3 Requisites of Steel and Composite Structures 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 459\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406904041815,"sku":"9781118678923","price":81.86,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118678923.jpg?v=1730497506","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/fundamentals-of-earthquake-engineering-9781118678923","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}