{"product_id":"foundations-of-solid-state-physics-dimensionality-and-symmetry-9783527345045","title":"Foundations of Solid State Physics: Dimensionality and Symmetry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn essential guide to solid state physics through the lens of dimensionality and symmetry \u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e Foundations of Solid State Physics introduces the essential topics of solid state physics as taught globally with a focus on understanding the properties of solids from the viewpoint of dimensionality and symmetry. Written in a conversational manner and designed to be accessible, the book contains a minimal amount of mathematics. The authors?noted experts on the topic?offer an insightful review of the basic topics, such as the static and dynamic lattice in real space, the reciprocal lattice, electrons in solids, and transport in materials and devices. \u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e The book also includes more advanced topics: the quasi-particle concept (phonons, solitons, polarons, excitons), strong electron-electron correlation, light-matter interactions, and spin systems. The authors' approach makes it possible to gain a clear understanding of conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, two-dimensional chalcogenides, perovskites and organic crystals in terms of their expressed dimension, topological connectedness, and quantum confinement. This important guide: \u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e -Offers an understanding of a variety of technology-relevant solid-state materials in terms of their dimension, topology and quantum confinement \u003cbr\u003e -Contains end-of-chapter problems with different degrees of difficulty to enhance understanding  \u003cbr\u003e -Treats all classical topics of solid state physics courses - plus the physics of low-dimensional systems \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Written for students in physics, material sciences, and chemistry, lecturers, and other academics, Foundations of Solid State Physics explores the basic and advanced topics of solid state physics with a unique focus on dimensionality and symmetry. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Dimensionality 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Approaching Dimensionality from Outside and from Inside 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Dimensionality of Carbon: Solids 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Three-Dimensional Carbon: Diamond 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Two-Dimensional Carbon: Graphite and Graphene 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 One-Dimensional Carbon: Cumulene, Polycarbyne, and Polyene 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Zero-Dimensional Carbon: Fullerene 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Something in Between: Topology 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 More Peculiarities of Dimension: One Dimension 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Summary 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 One-Dimensional Substances 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 A15 Compounds 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Krogmann Salts 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Alchemists’ Gold 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Bechgaard Salts and Other Charge-Transfer Compounds 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Polysulfurnitride 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Phthalocyanines and Other Macrocycles 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Transition Metal Chalcogenides and Halides 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Halogen-Bridged Mixed-Valence Transition Metal Complexes 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Returning to Carbon 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1 Conducting Polymers 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.2 Carbon Nanotubes 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Perovskites 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Topological States 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 What Did We Forget? 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.1 Poly-deckers 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.2 Polycarbenes 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.3 Isolated, Freestanding Nanowires 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.4 Templates and Filled Pores 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.5 Asymmetric Growth Using Catalysts 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.6 Gated Semiconductor Quantum Wires 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.7 Few-Atom Metal Nanowires 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 A Summary of Our Materials 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Order and Symmetry: The Lattice 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 The Correlation Function 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The Real Space Crystal Lattice and Its Basis 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Using a Coordinate System 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Surprises in Two-Dimensional Lattices 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 The One-Dimensional Lattice 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Polymers as One-Dimensional Lattices 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Carbon Nanotubes as One-Dimensional Lattices 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Bonding and Binding 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Spatial Symmetries Are Not Enough: Time Crystals 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Summary 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Reciprocal Lattice 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Describing Objects Using Momentum and Energy 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Constructing the Reciprocal Lattice 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 The Unit Cell 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Reciprocal Lattice and Scattering 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 General Scattering 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Real Systems 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Applying This to Real One-Dimensional Systems 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 A Summary of the Reciprocal Lattice 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Dynamic Lattice 129\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Crystal Vibrations and Phonons 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 A Simple One-Dimensional Model 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.1 A Model 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.2 Long Wavelength Vibrations 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.3 Short Wavelength Vibrations 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1.4 More Atoms in the Basis 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 More Dimensions 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Quantum Considerations with Phonons 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Conservation of Crystal Momentum 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 General Scattering 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Phonons Yield Thermal Properties 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Internal Energy and Phonons 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Models of Energy Distribution: f \u003csub\u003e\u003ci\u003ep\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e(𝜔) and 𝜔\u003csub\u003e\u003ci\u003eK\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e,\u003csub\u003e\u003ci\u003ep \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 DuLong and Petit: Equipartition of Energy 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 Einstein and Quantum Statistics 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.3 Debye and the Spectral Analysis 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 The Debye Approximation 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Generalizations of the Density of States 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Other Thermal Properties: Thermal Transport 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Anharmonic Effects 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Summary of Phonons 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Electrons in Solids 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolving Pictures 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperconductors 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Properties of Electrons: A Review 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Electrons Travel as Waves 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1.1 Delocalization 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1.2 Localization 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Electrons Arrive as Particles: Statistics 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 The Fermi Surface 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 On to the Models 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 The Free-Electron Model 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Nearly Free Electrons, Energy Bands, Energy Gaps, Density of States 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2.1 Bloch’s Theorem 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2.2 The Nearly Free 1D Model 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2.3 Analyzing the 1D Nearly Free Solutions 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2.4 Extending Dispersion Curves to 3D 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Tight Binding or Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3.1 The Formalism 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3.2 The s-Band 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3.3 s Bands in One Dimension 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3.4 s Bands in Two Dimensions 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3.5 s Bands in Three Dimensions 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 What About Orbitals Other Than s? 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4.1 Building Bands in a Polymer 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4.2 Bonding and Antibonding States 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4.3 The Polyenes 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4.4 Translating to Bloch’s Theorem 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Tight Binding with a Basis 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5.1 Hybridization 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5.2 Graphene: A Two-Dimensional Example 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5.3 Carbon Nanotubes 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Are We Done Yet? 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Summary 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Electrons in Solids Part II: Spatial Heterogeneity 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Heterogeneity: Band-Level Diagrams and the Contact 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Heterogeneity in Semiconductors 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Semiconductors: Bandgaps and Doping 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.1 Band-Level Diagrams 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.2 Doping 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.3 Carrier Concentrations in Intrinsic and Doped Semiconductors 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.4 The Fermi Level vs. the Chemical Potential 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.5 Spectroscopy of the Dopant Levels 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1.6 Carbon Does Not “Dope” Like Si 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Junctions with Semiconductors 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Other Types of Heterogeneity 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Summary 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Electrons Moving in Solids 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Phenomenology of Electron Dynamics in a Material 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Free-Electron Metals 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 The Free-Electron Metal as a Fluid 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Temperature and Conductivity 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 The Semiclassical Approach: The Boltzmann Equation 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 The Sources of Electron Scattering 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 The Nonequilibrium Distribution Function 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 The Relaxation Time 𝜏 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 The Differential Equation for g(\u003ci\u003er\u003c\/i\u003e; \u003ci\u003ek\u003c\/i\u003e; \u003ci\u003et\u003c\/i\u003e) 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Introducing Collisions 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.6 The Relaxation Time Approximation 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.7 Isotropic Scattering from Stationary States 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.8 A Simple Example: Ohm’s Law 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.9 Parabolic Bands 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.10 Another Simple Example: AC Conductivity and Linear Response 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.11 An Example with Anisotropy: 𝜇 = 𝜇(\u003ci\u003er\u003c\/i\u003e) and ∇\u003csub\u003er\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003ci\u003eT\u003c\/i\u003e ≠ 0 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.12 The Seebeck Effect and Thermopower 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.13 A Final Example: Static \u003ci\u003eE\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eB\u003c\/i\u003e Applied but 𝜇 ≠𝜇(\u003ci\u003er\u003c\/i\u003e) and ∇\u003ci\u003er\u003c\/i\u003eT = 0 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.14 The Hall Effect and Magnetotransport 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.15 The Curious Case of Al 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Coherent Transport: The Landauer–Büttiker Approach 281Contents ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 General Remarks on Measurements 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Simple Conductivity 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Conductivity of Small Particles 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Conductivity of High Impedance Samples 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4 Conductivity Measurements Without Contacts 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Complications: Localization, Hopping, and General Bad Behavior 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Summary 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Polarons, Solitons, Excitons, and Conducting Polymers 301\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Distortions, Instabilities, and Transitions in One Dimension 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Coupling Charge with the Lattice 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Peierls Instability 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Results of Peierls in Real Systems 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3.1 Phonon Softening and the Kohn Anomaly 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3.2 Fermi Surface Warping 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Conjugation and the Double Bond 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Conjugational Defects 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 The Soliton 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Doping 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Quasiparticles 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Generation of Solitons 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Nondegenerate Ground-State Polymers: Polarons 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Fractional Charges 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Soliton Lifetime 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Conductivity and Solitons 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Fibril Conduction 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 Hopping Conductivity: Variable Range Hopping vs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluctuation-Assisted Tunneling 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12 Highly Conducting Polymers 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.13 Magnetoresistance 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14 Organic Molecular Devices 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.1 Molecular Switches 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.2 LB Diodes 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.3 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.3.1 Fundamentals of OLEDs 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.3.2 Materials for OLEDs 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.3.3 Designs for OLEDs 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.3.4 Performance of OLEDs 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.4 Field-Induced Organic Emitters 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.5 Organic Lasers and Organic Light-Emitting Transistors 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.5.1 Current Densities 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.5.2 Contacts 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.5.3 Polarons and Triplets 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.6 Organic Solar Cells 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.7 Organic Field-Effect Transistors 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14.8 Organic Thermoelectrics 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.15 Summary 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Correlation and Coupling 403\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 The Metal-to-Insulator Transition and the Mott Insulator 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 The Hamiltonian 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 The Lattice and Antiferromagnetic Ordering 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Other Considerations: The Particle-Hole Symmetry (PHS) 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.4 The Hubbard Model in Lower Dimensions 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.5 Real One-Dimensional Mott Systems 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 The Superconductor 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 The Basic Phenomena 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.1 In What Compounds Has Superconductivity Been Observed? 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 A Basic Model 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.1 How Does an Attractive Potential Show Up Between Two Negatively Charged Particles? 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.2 Cooper Pair Binding 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.3 The BCS Ground State 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.4 Supplementary Thoughts 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Superconductivity Measurements Are Tricky 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Superconductivity and Dimensionality 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 More on Organic Superconductors 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5.1 One-Dimensional Organic Superconductors 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5.2 Two-Dimensional Organic Superconductors 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5.3 Three-Dimensional Organic Superconductors 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Trends 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Charge Density Wave 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 The Charge DensityWave and Peierls 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1.1 Modulation of the Electron and Mass Densities 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1.2 Starting with Polymers 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1.3 A Gap Is Introduced 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1.4 The Order Parameter 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1.5 Phase Dynamics, Pinning, Commensurability, and Solitons 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Peierls and Coulomb Interactions: Spin Interactions 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2.1 4kF Charge DensityWaves 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2.2 Spin PeierlsWaves 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2.3 Spin DensityWaves 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Phonon Dispersion: Phase and Amplitude in CDWs 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 More on Peierls–Fröhlich Mechanisms 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Spin DensityWaves and the Quantized Hall Effect 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Plasmons 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 The Drude Model and the Dielectric Function 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 The Significance of the Plasma Frequency 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Composite Particles and Quasiparticles: A Summary 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntermission 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Magnetic Interactions 467\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Magnetism of the Atom 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 The Crystal Field 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Magnetism in Condensed Systems 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Paramagnetism 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.1 Curie Paramagnets 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.2 The Weiss Correction 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.3 Free-Electron Magnets 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Diamagnetism 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Dia- and Para-Foundations of Other Magnets 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Mechanisms of Interaction: Spin Models 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 The Mean Field Model 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Ising, Heisenberg, XY, and Hopfield 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2.1 Ising Models 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2.2 Heisenberg Models 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2.3 XY models 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2.4 Hopfield Models 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 SpinWave and Magnons 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3.1 SpinWaves 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3.2 Thermodynamics 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3.3 The Particle Nature of Magnons 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3.4 Stoner Excitations 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3.5 Coupling to the Electromagnetic Field: Magnon–Photon Coupling 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 More Complicated Situations 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Double Exchange 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Super Exchange 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.3 RKKY 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Time Reversal Symmetry 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Summary 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Polarization of Materials 503\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Simple Atomic Models 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Linearity in the Response 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Relating the Fields 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Temperature Dependence 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Time Dependence: 𝜀(𝜔) 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 A Familiar Equation in Optics 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Understanding the Context 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 The Dielectric Function and Metals 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Piezoelectrics, Pyroelectrics, and More 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1 The h-BN Example 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Summary 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Optical Interactions 525\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Maxwell and the Solid (Review) 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.1 In a Vacuum 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.2 In a Material 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.3 A General Solution in the Solid 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1.3.1 A Fun Notational Fact 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Polarization Coupling: Polaritons 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Phonons with Electrical Polarization 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Phonons Meet Photons 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 The Phonon–Polariton 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.4 The Plasmon Polariton 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Optical Transitions, Excitons, and Exciton Polaritons 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Transitions 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Carbon Nanotubes: An Example 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Color Centers and Dopants 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Excitons 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.5 Exciton Polaritons 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Kramers–Kronig 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Summary 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploring Concepts 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 The End and the Beginning 557\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 559\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53196949848407,"sku":"9783527345045","price":91.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/foundations-of-solid-state-physics-dimensionality-and-symmetry-9783527345045","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}