{"product_id":"forensic-ballistics-in-court-9781119962670","title":"Forensic Ballistics in Court","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eForensic Ballistics in Court: Interpretation and Presentation of Firearms Evidence \u003c\/i\u003eis an accessible introduction to firearms and ballistics evidence and how this is analysed and presented as evidence in a court of law.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book approaches the subject in terms of the realities of case work, opening with a clear and illustrated explanation of the correct nomenclature for various weapon types and their parts. Ammunition is also extensively covered, again with annotated illustrations. Basic external and terminal ballistics, wounding capabilities are likewise covered to give an overview of the subject. A key aspect of the book covers the theory and philosophy behind striation matches and the associated statistics, how positive matches should be peer reviewed and the importance accreditation has on this subject.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGunshot residue formation and identification and the various methods used in its analysis are reviewed in depth. This includes a critical examination of the p\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbout the Author xiii  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the companion website xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.0 Firearms History 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0.2 The flintlock 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0.3 The percussion system 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0.4 The pinfire system 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0.5 The rimfire system 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0.6 The Dreyse needle fire system 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0.7 The centre fire system 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0.8 The revolver 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0.9 The self-loading pistol 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.0 Weapon Types and Their Operation 9\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.1 Introduction 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.2 Handguns 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.3 Rifles 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.4 Shotguns 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.5 Combination weapons 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.6 Sub-machine guns 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.7 Assault rifles 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.8 Machine guns and heavy machine guns 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.9 Muzzle attachments 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.10 Important parts of a weapons mechanism 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.11 Bent and sear 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.12 Other important parts of a revolver mechanism 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0.13 Hand and ratchet 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Gas and Air Powered Weapons 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Introduction 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Weapon types 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Ammunition 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.4 Considerations 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Rifling Types and Their Identification 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Introduction 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Basics 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Class characteristics 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 General introduction to rifling 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional reading 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Home-made, Improvised and Converted Firearms 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Introduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Improvised firearms 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Converting air weapons 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Home-made and converted toys and replica weapons 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Home-made ammunition 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Antique Weapons 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Introduction 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Background 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Defining ‘antique’ 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.0 Proof Marks 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0.1 Introduction 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0.2 Proof marks 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0.3 Types of proof 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0.4 Proof marks and the examiner 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0.5 Examples of proof marks 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.0 A Brief History of Ammunition 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0.1 Introduction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.0.2 Basics 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Ammunition Components 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Introduction 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Basics 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Ammunition types 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Primer cap types 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.5 Cartridge cases 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.6 Shotgun ammunition 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Bullet Types 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Introduction 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Basics 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Bullet materials 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Other bullet types 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Bullet nose configuration 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.6 Bullet base configuration 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.7 Bullet lubrication 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Headstamps and Other Identifying Features on Ammunition 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Introduction 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Basics 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Clandestine ammunition 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Colour coding of ammunition 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Non-toxic and Frangible Bullets 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Introduction 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Elimination of lead in ammunition 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Materials used in non-toxic ammunition 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 The current situation 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Non-toxic Shot 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Introduction 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Materials used in non-toxic shotgun ammunition 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested further reading 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 A Brief History of Propellants 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Introduction 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Basics 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Black powder 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Nitro propellants 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.5 Dating of ammunition 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6 Reduced loads for target shooting 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Priming Compounds 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Introduction 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Basics 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 A short history of priming compounds 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Manufacture 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.5 Accidental discharge of primers 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.0 An Introduction to Ballistics 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.0.1 Introduction 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.0.2 Basics 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.0.3 Background 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Internal Ballistics 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Introduction 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Basics 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Recoil 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Barrel pressure 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 External Ballistics 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Introduction 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Basics 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Maximum range of missiles 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Maximum altitude that a bullet will attain 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.5 Terminal velocity 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.6 Use of sight to compensate for bullet drop 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.7 Other influencing factors 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.8 Muzzle energy 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.9 Momentum 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Terminal Ballistics 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Introduction 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Basics 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 General wound ballistic concepts 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Other factors influencing the wounding capabilities of a missile 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Bullet performance and ‘wounding capabilities’ 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 Relative stopping power (RSP) 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7 Bullet resistant vests (BRV) 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.0 A Brief History of Forensic Firearms Identification 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0.1 Introduction 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0.2 Early cases involving bullet identification 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0.3 Use of photomicrographs 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0.4 Identification of weapon from breech face markings 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0.5 Early use of comparison microscope 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0.6 Introduction of the binocular comparison microscope 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0.7 Improvements in illumination 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0.8 Photography of stria 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0.9 Modern technology for stria comparison 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested further reading 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.0 Basic Concepts of Striation Matching 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0.1 Introduction 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0.2 Basics 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0.3 Identification of weapon type 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0.4 Individual characteristics on cartridge cases 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0.5 Formation of stria 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.0.6 Problematical areas 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Basic Concepts in Comparison Microscopy 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Introduction 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Basic methodology and background to stria comparisons 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Lighting used for comparison microscopy 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 The concept of consecutive matching stria 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.5 Obtaining control samples 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.6 Manufacturing marks on ammunition 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.7 Recovery methods for fired bullets 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.8 Conclusion 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 The Concept of Consecutive Matching Stria 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Introduction 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Basics 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Arguments for and against the concept of stria comparisons 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 A Statistical Model to Illustrate the Concept of Individuality in Striation Matches 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Introduction 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Basics 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Stria individuality 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Philosophy 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.0 Accidental Discharge 195\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0.1 Introduction 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0.2 Basics 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0.3 Trigger mechanisms 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0.4 Reasons for an accidental discharge 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0.5 Negligent discharges 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.0 Identification of Calibre from the Bullet Entry Hole 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.0.1 Introduction 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.0.2 Basics 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.0.3 Determination of bullet type 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.0 Ricochet Analysis 209\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0.1 Introduction 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0.2 Basics 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0.3 Variables influencing the liability of a missile to ricochet 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.0 Bullet Penetration and Trajectory through Glass 215\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0.1 Introduction 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0.2 Glass types and glass substitutes 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0.3 Deviation of missile after penetrating glass 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0.4 Penetration of normal window glass 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0.5 Penetration of laminated and bullet-resistant glass 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0.6 Penetration of tempered or toughened glass 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0.7 Determination of bullet type from the entry hole 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.0.8 Deflection of bullet by glass 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and references 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12.0 Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0.1 Introduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0.2 Basics 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0.3 Range of firing estimations for pistols and rifles 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0.4 Extended range of fire estimations 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0.5 Range of firing estimations on badly decomposed bodies 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.0.6 Bullet wipe marks 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Chemical Tests for Range of Fire Estimations and Bullet Entry\/Exit Hole Identification 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Introduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Chemical tests for range of firing estimations 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Range of firing estimations on heavily bloodstained garments 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.4 Range of firing estimations for non-toxic non-lead primers 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Range of Fire Estimations for Shotguns 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Introduction 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Basics 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Shotgun cartridges fired in revolvers 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggested further reading 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13.0 The Use of X-ray Photography for Projectile Identification 249\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0.1 Introduction 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0.2 Estimation of calibre from X-ray photographs 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14.0 Gunshot Residue Examination 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.1 Introduction 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.2 Basics 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.3 Identification of GSR Particles 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.4 The use of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) for the detection and analysis of GSR particles 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.5 Sample collection 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.6 GSR retention 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.7 Interpretation of results 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.8 Identification of type of ammunition and country or origin from GSR composition 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.9 Environmental contaminants 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.10 Extending the period over which GSR particles can be recovered 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.11 General considerations to be made when examining GSR analysis results 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0.12 Discussion 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15.0 Gun Handling Tests 277\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.0.1 Introduction 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.0.2 History 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.0.3 Methodology for the use of Ferrozine 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16.0 Laser-etched Serial Numbers and Bar Codes 285\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0.1 Introduction 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0.2 Laser-etched serial numbers 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0.3 Bar codes 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0.4 Conclusion 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17.0 Classification of Firearms-related Death 289\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0.1 Introduction 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0.2 Basics 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.0.3 Multiple shot suicides 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and further reading 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18.0 Practical Considerations in a Firearms Case from a Legal Point of View 295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.0.1 Introduction 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.0.2 Key questions 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.0.3 Legal challenges to forensic firearms evidence in the USA 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.0.4 Conclusion 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading and references 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19.0 Qualifying the Expert and Cross-examination Questions 301\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0.1 Definition 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0.2 Introduction 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0.3 Qualifying the expert 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0.4 General background questions 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0.5 Comparison microscopy 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0.6 Gunshot residue 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.0.7 Ferrozine test 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20.0 Chain of Custody 309\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.0.1 Introduction 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.0.2 Basics 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.0.3 Process 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.0.4 In court 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1 Standard of Review: ‘Daubert Trilogy’ 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2 Commercial and General Abbreviations for Bullet Configurations 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3 Some of the More Common Trade Names 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 4 Important dates in the History of Firearms from 1247 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 5 Dates for the Introduction of Various Cartridges by Calibre 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 6 Some Trademarks Found on Guns 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7 General Firearms Values Conversion Table 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 8 Hearing Loss 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 9 A List of Handgun Cartridges 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10 A List of Rifle Cartridges 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11 Air Weapon Legislation 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 367\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley 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