{"product_id":"for-equals-only-9781498501255","title":"For Equals Only","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book philosophically explores how changing conceptions of race and equality have affected Supreme Court interpretations of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution over the years. In the years since the 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868, in its decisions interpreting the Equal Protection Clause, the Supreme Court has switched from using a sociocultural concept of race to using a biological concept of race, and during the same time period has switched from using a social to a legal concept of equality. One result of these trends is the recent emergence of something called ''reverse discrimination.'' Another result is that the Equal Protection Clause no longer specially protects racialized persons from racial discrimination, as it was originally intended to do. Using the tools of legal hermeneutics, critical philosophy of race, and critical race theory, key cases of racial discrimination in equal protection law are examined through a historical le\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRacial injustice represents more than lapses in legal compliance but rather a system of marginalization rooted in our history and social habits. In For Equals Only: Race, Equality, and the Equal Protection Clause, Tina Botts sharply analyzes the equal protection clause in the fourteenth amendment in light of our history of racial marginalization to argue that our reliance on it needs to shift towards responding to inequalities as social and historical rather than as simply legal. In doing so, Botts urges us to think about the equal protection clause as intended for addressing disparities in social status and standing rather than as a tool for individual cases of discrimination. For Equals Only arrives at a moment of reinvigorated debates around the role of the state in perpetuating racial injustice and helps clearly articulate what we most need to know about our collective duties to black citizens. -- Christopher Lebron, Johns Hopkins University\u003cbr\u003eLiberalism as a political philosophy rests foundationally on the idea of the moral, legal, and political equality of “persons.” But what happens when race and white supremacy make some “persons” in effect more equal than others? In this fascinating and illuminating investigation, Tina Botts demonstrates how the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause has come to be interpreted in such a way as to enshrine rather than challenge the ongoing social inequality of those lesser “persons” racialized as black in the United States. -- Charles W. Mills, CUNY Graduate Center\u003cbr\u003eTina Botts methodically shows how the concepts of biological race and legal equality in use by the US Supreme Court leave out present and past experiences of discrimination against nonwhite people in society. This call for a more comprehensive interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c\/sup\u003e Amendment should spur change and spark reflection among legal scholars, political philosophers, and researchers of race in the United States. -- Naomi Zack, professor of philosophy, Lehman College, CUNY\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003eChapter Summaries\u003cbr\u003eChapter 1: Scholarly Backdrop\u003cbr\u003eLegal Hermeneutics\u003cbr\u003eCritical Philosophy of Race\u003cbr\u003eCritical Race Theory\u003cbr\u003eOrigins: The Work of Derrick Bell\u003cbr\u003eCritical Race Theory and Equality\u003cbr\u003eChapter 2: Equal Protection and Racialized Persons\u003cbr\u003eThe Rise of Separate But Equal Doctrine\u003cbr\u003eWhat is Equal Protection?\u003cbr\u003eRacial Discrimination Per Se Begins: Japanese Americans after WWII\u003cbr\u003eSocial Segregation\u003cbr\u003eSeparate as Inferior\u003cbr\u003eSeparate But Equal Overturned\u003cbr\u003eRacial Classifications and Marriage\u003cbr\u003eDiscriminatory Intent vs. Discriminatory Impact\u003cbr\u003eBakke: Racial Discrimination Per Se is Formalized\u003cbr\u003ePost-Bakke Fall-Out\u003cbr\u003eConcluding Reflections\u003cbr\u003eChapter 3: The Concept of Race and Equal Protection Law\u003cbr\u003eThe Supreme Court’s Switch from Sociocultural\/Sociohistorical Race to Biological Race\u003cbr\u003eThe Academic Switch from Biological Race to Sociocultural\/Sociohistorical Race\u003cbr\u003eA Change in Understanding of the Problem of Racial Discrimination\u003cbr\u003eConcluding Reflections\u003cbr\u003eChapter 4: The Concept of Equality and Equal Protection Law\u003cbr\u003eEarly Equal Protection Law: Social Equality\u003cbr\u003eContemporary Equal Protection Law: Legal Equality\u003cbr\u003eLegal Equality is Out of Step with the Purpose of the Clause\u003cbr\u003eHistorical Context\u003cbr\u003eLegislative History\u003cbr\u003eLegal Equality is Out of Step with the Contemporary Sociocultural Context\u003cbr\u003eLegal Equality Facilitates and Perpetuates the Problem of Racial Inequality\u003cbr\u003eConcluding Reflections\u003cbr\u003eChapter 5: The Special Case of Multiracial Racialized Persons\u003cbr\u003eHistorical Engagement Between Multiracial Racialized Persons and the Law\u003cbr\u003eAntimiscegenation Laws\u003cbr\u003eJim Crow Laws and Segregation\u003cbr\u003eThe “One Drop” Rule\u003cbr\u003eThe Failure of Antidiscrimination Laws to Protect Multiracial Racialized Persons\u003cbr\u003eBiological Races\u003cbr\u003eRacial Discrimination Perpetuates Historically Situated Oppression\u003cbr\u003eToward a Distinctive Multiracial Group Identity\u003cbr\u003eAn Additional Modification to Antidiscrimination Law\u003cbr\u003eConcluding Reflections\u003cbr\u003eChapter 6: Thoughts Moving Forward","brand":"Lexington Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51040618840407,"sku":"9781498501255","price":33.3,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781498501255.jpg?v=1750947295","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/for-equals-only-9781498501255","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}