{"product_id":"first-farmers-9780631205661","title":"First Farmers","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOffers readers an understanding of the origins and histories of early agricultural populations in various parts of the world. This book focuses on agricultural origins in and dispersals out of the Middle East, central Africa, China, New Guinea, and the northern Andes. It examines the reasons for the multiple primary origins of agriculture.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWinner of the AAP PSP Award for Archaeology and Anthropology 2005\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA \u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e Outstanding Academic Title of the Year\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePeter Bellwood - 2006 SAA Book Award -\u003c\/b\u003e The Society for American Archaeology annually awards a prize to honor a recently published book that has had, or is expected to have, a major impact on the direction and character of archaeological research, and\/or is expected to make a substantial contribution to the archaeology of an area.\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Do not be misled by the humble title of Bellwood's book ... this volume stands alone in its scope and depth ... No student of anthropology, irrespective of subfield, should leave this book unread. It is and will remain one of the most important anthropological volumes of the 21st century.\" \u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"This book is a superb advertisement for archaeology as part of a multidisciplinary approach to the problem of how, where, and why our ancestors settled to plough and pasture.\" \u003ci\u003eTimes Higher Education Supplement\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Bellwood is not afraid to challenge the established orthodoxy. This is a stimulating and thought-provoking assessment of one of the most important questions in archaeology today.” \u003ci\u003ePeter Bogucki, Princeton University\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e “This wonderful book is a fascinating treasure-house of information about human history since the origins of agriculture. It deserves to be a standard reference for archaeologists, linguists, geneticists, and anthropologists interested in the formation of the modern world.” \u003ci\u003eJared Diamond, University of California, Los Angeles; author of\u003c\/i\u003e Guns, Germs, and Steel\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e “A tour de force of historical anthropology. Rarely does one encounter a book with the sweeping historical scope of Peter Bellwood’s convincing worldwide synthesis of agricultural origins and population dispersals.” \u003ci\u003ePatrick Kirch, University of California, Berkeley\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e “Global in its scope, Peter Bellwood’s First Farmers boldly correlates the spreads of early farming with episodes of human population and language dispersal. It offers a powerfully coherent perspective, which challengingly sets one of the great themes of human history in a new and simplified vision.” \u003ci\u003eColin Renfrew, University of Cambridge\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Bellwood is a master at summarising complex information... the real strength of this volume is that it will make accessible to students such a wide range of data and interpretations.\" \u003ci\u003eNew Book Chronicle\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"\u003c\/i\u003eUnlike many books, Bellwood's represents the cogent unfolding of a complex argument that draws on disparate types of information ... It is certainly the most scholarly, single-authored review of global agricultural origins on the market.\" \u003ci\u003eAustrlian Archaeology\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"The book certainly contains a good deal of interesting data and analysis.\" \u003ci\u003eAnthropology in Action\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Figures xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Tables xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Early Farming Dispersal Hypothesis in Perspective \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Disciplinary Players 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBroad Perspectives 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Key Guiding Principles 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Origins and Dispersals of Agriculture: Some Operational Considerations \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e12\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Significance of Agriculture: Productivity and Population Numbers 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Did Agriculture Develop in the First Place? 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Significance of Agriculture vis-à-vis Hunting and Gathering 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnder What Circumstances Might Hunters and Gatherers Have Adopted Agriculture in Prehistory? 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 1: The “niche” hunter-gatherers of Africa and Asia 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 2: The “unenclosed” hunter-gatherers of Australia, the Andamans, and the Americas 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup 3: Hunter-gatherers who descend from former agriculturalists 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Do Ethnographic Hunter-Gatherers Have Problems with Agricultural Adoption? A Comparative View 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo the Archaeological Record 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Beginnings of Agriculture in Southwest Asia \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e44\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Domestication of Plants in the Fertile Crescent 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hunter-Gatherer Background in the Levant, 19,000 to 9500 bc 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pre-Pottery Neolithic and the Increasing Dominance of Domesticated Crops 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Did Cereal Domestication Begin in Southwest Asia? 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Archaeological Record in Southwest Asia in Broader Perspective 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pre-Pottery Neolithic A 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Real Turning Point in the Neolithic Revolution 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Tracking the Spreads of Farming beyond the Fertile Crescent: Europe and Asia \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Spread of the Neolithic Economy through Europe 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouthern and Mediterranean Europe 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCyprus, Turkey, and Greece 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Balkans 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Mediterranean 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperate and Northern Europe 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Danubians and the northern Mesolithic 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe TRB and the Baltic 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe British Isles 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHunters and farmers in prehistoric Europe 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgricultural Dispersals from Southwest Asia to the East 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCentral Asia 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Indian Subcontinent 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe domesticated crops of the Indian subcontinent 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegional Trajectories from Hunter-Gathering to Farming in South Asia 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe consequences of Mehrgarh 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWestern India: Balathal to Jorwe 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouthern India 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ganges Basin and northeastern India 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEurope and South Asia in a nutshell 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Africa: An Independent Focus of Agricultural Development? \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e97\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Spread of the Southwest Asian Agricultural Complex into Egypt 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Origins of the Native African Domesticates 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Development and Spread of Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Appearance of Agriculture in Central and Southern Africa 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Beginnings of Agriculture in East Asia \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Factors and the Domestication Process in China 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Archaeology of Early Agriculture in China 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Archaeological Record of the Early Neolithic in the Yellow and Yangzi Basins 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLater Developments (post-5000 bc) in the Chinese Neolithic 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth of the Yangzi – Hemudu and Majiabang 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe spread of agriculture south of Zhejiang 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 The Spread of Agriculture into Southeast Asia and Oceania \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e128\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Background to Agricultural Dispersal in Southeast Asia 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Farmers in Mainland Southeast Asia 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Farmers in Taiwan and Island Southeast Asia 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly farmers in the Pacific 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe New Guinea Agricultural Trajectory and its Role in Pacific Colonization 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Early Agriculture in the Americas \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e146\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Necessary Background 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Geography of Early Agriculture, and General Cultural Trajectories 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent Opinion on Agricultural Origins in the Americas 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Domesticated Crops 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaize 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe other crops 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Pottery in the Americas 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Farmers in the Americas 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Andes 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmazonia 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle America (with Mesoamerica) 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Southwest 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThank the Lord for the freeway (and the pipeline) 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmigrant Mesoamerican farmers in the Southwest? 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndependent Agricultural Origins in the Eastern Woodlands 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 What Do Language Families Mean for Human Prehistory? \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e180\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLanguage Families and How They Are Studied 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIssues of Phylogeny and Reticulation 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Identification and Phylogenetic Study of Language Families 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroducing the Players 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Do Languages and Language Families Spread? 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Do Languages Change through Time? 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMacrofamilies, and more on the time factor 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLanguages in Competition – Language Shift 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLanguages in competition – contact-induced change 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 The Spread of Farming: Comparing the Archaeology and the Linguistics \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e200\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWestern and Central Eurasia, and Northern Africa 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndo-European 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndo-European from the Pontic steppes? 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere did PIE really originate and what can we know about it? 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColin Renfrew’s contribution to the Indo-European debate 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfroasiatic 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElamite and Dravidian, and the Indo-Aryans 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA multidisciplinary scenario for South Asian prehistory 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndo-European, Afroasiatic, Elamo-Dravidian, and the issue of Nostratic 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaharan and Sub-Saharan Africa: Nilo-Saharan and Niger-Congo 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNilo-Saharan 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNiger-Congo, with Bantu 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEast and Southeast Asia, and the Pacific 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Chinese and Mainland Southeast Asian language families 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAustronesian 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePiecing it together for East Asia 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Altaic,” and some difficult issues 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Trans New Guinea Phylum 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Americas – South and Central 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth America 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle America, Mesoamerica, and the Southwest 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUto-Aztecan 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEastern North America 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlgonquian and Muskogean 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIroquoian, Siouan, and Caddoan 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDid the First Farmers Spread Their Languages? 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Genetics, Skeletal Anthropology, and the People Factor \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e252\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAre There Correlations between Human Biology and Language Families? 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo genes record history? 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouthwest Asia and Europe 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth Asia 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfrica 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEast Asia 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoutheast Asia and Oceania (mainly Austronesians) 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Americas 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDid Early Farmers Spread through Processes of Demic Diffusion? 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 The Nature of Early Agricultural Expansion \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomeland, Spread, and Friction Zones, plus Overshoot 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Stages within a Process of Agricultural Genesis and Dispersal 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 350\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49403414610263,"sku":"9780631205661","price":33.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780631205661.jpg?v=1730483398","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/first-farmers-9780631205661","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}