{"product_id":"fiberoptic-communication-systems-9781119737360","title":"FiberOptic Communication Systems","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Historical Perspective 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Need for Fiber-Optic Communications 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Evolution of Lightwave Systems 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Basic Concepts 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Analog and Digital Signals 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Channel Multiplexing 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Modulation Formats 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Optical Communication Systems 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Lightwave System Components 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Optical Fibers as a Communication Channel 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Optical Transmitters 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Optical Receivers 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Optical Fibers 24\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Geometrical-Optics Description 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Step-Index Fibers 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Graded-Index Fibers 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Wave Propagation 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Maxwell’s Equations 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Fiber Modes 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Single-Mode Fibers 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibers 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Group-Velocity Dispersion 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Material Dispersion 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Waveguide Dispersion 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Higher-Order Dispersion 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Polarization-Mode Dispersion 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Dispersion-Induced Limitations 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Basic Propagation Equation 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Chirped Gaussian Pulses 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Limitations on the Bit Rate 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Fiber Losses 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Attenuation Coefficient 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Material Absorption 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Rayleigh Scattering 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Waveguide Imperfections 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Nonlinear Optical Effects 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Stimulated Light Scattering 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Nonlinear Phase Modulation 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Four-Wave Mixing 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Fiber Design and Fabrication 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Silica Fibers 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 Plastic Optical Fibers 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.3 Cables and Connectors 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Optical Transmitters 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Semiconductor Laser Physics 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Spontaneous and Stimulated Emissions 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Nonradiative Recombination 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Optical Gain 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Feedback and Laser Threshold 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.5 Laser Structures and Modes 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Single-Mode Semiconductor Lasers 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Distributed Feedback Lasers 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Coupled-Cavity Semiconductor Lasers 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Tunable Semiconductor Lasers 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Semiconductor Laser Characteristics 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 CW Characteristics 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Modulation Bandwidth 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Relative Intensity Noise 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Spectral Linewidth 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Modulation Techniques 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Direct Modulation 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 External Modulation 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Light-Emitting Diodes 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 LED Characteristics 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 LED Structures 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Transmitter Design 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Source–Fiber Coupling 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Driving Circuitry 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Reliability and Packaging 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Optical Receivers 119\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Basic Concepts 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Responsivity and Quantum Efficiency 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Rise Time and Bandwidth 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Common Photodetectors 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 p–n Photodiodes 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 p–i–n Photodiodes 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Avalanche Photodiodes 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 MSM Photodetectors 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Receiver Design 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 The Front End 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 The Linear Channel 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Data-Recovery Section 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Integrated Receivers 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Receiver Noise 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Noise Mechanisms 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 SNR of p–i–n Receivers 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 SNR of APD Receivers 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Coherent Detection 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Local Oscillator 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Homodyne Detection 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Heterodyne Detection 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Receiver Sensitivity 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Bit-Error Rate 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Minimum Received Power 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Quantum Limit of Photodetection 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Sensitivity Degradation 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Extinction Ratio 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Intensity Noise 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Timing Jitter 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Receiver Performance 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Lightwave Systems 170\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 System Architectures 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Point-to-Point Links 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Distribution Networks 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Local-Area Networks 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Design Guidelines 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Loss-Limited Lightwave Systems 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Dispersion-Limited Lightwave Systems 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Power Budget 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Rise-Time Budget 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Long-Haul Systems 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Performance-Limiting Factors 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Terrestrial Lightwave Systems 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Undersea Lightwave Systems 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Sources of Power Penalty 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Modal Noise 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Mode-Partition Noise 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Reflection Feedback and Noise 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Dispersive Pulse Broadening 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Frequency Chirping 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.6 Eye-Closure Penalty 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Forward Error Correction 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Error-Correcting Codes 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Coding Gain 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Computer-Aided Design 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Multichannel Systems 208\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 WDM Systems and Networks 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 High-Capacity Point-to-Point Links 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Wide-Area and Metro-Area Networks 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 Multiple-Access WDM Networks 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 WDM Components 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Optical Filters 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Multiplexers and Demultiplexers 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Add–Drop Multiplexers 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Star Couplers 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Wavelength Routers 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 WDM Transmitters and Receivers 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 System Performance Issues 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Linear Crosstalk 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Raman-Induced Nonlinear Crosstalk 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 XPM-Induced Nonlinear Crosstalk 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 FWM-Induced Nonlinear Crosstalk 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Other Design Issues 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Time-Division Multiplexing 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Time-Domain Multiplexing 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Time-Domain Demultiplexing 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Performance of OTDM Systems 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Subcarrier Multiplexing 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Analog and Digital SCM Systems 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Orthogonal Frequency-Division multiplexing 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Code-Division Multiplexing 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Time-Domain Encoding 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Frequency-Domain Encoding 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Loss Management 264\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Compensation of Fiber Losses 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Periodic Amplification Scheme 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Lumped Versus Distributed Amplification 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Bidirectional Pumping Scheme 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Pumping and Gain Spectrum 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Two-Level Model 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Amplifier Noise 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Multichannel Amplification 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Raman Amplifiers 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Raman Gain and Bandwidth 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Raman-Induced Signal Gain 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Multiple-Pump Raman Amplification 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Noise Figure of Raman Amplifiers 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Optical Signal-To-Noise Ratio 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Lumped Amplification 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Distributed Amplification 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Electrical Signal-To-Noise Ratio 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 ASE-Induced Current Fluctuations 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Impact of ASE on SNR 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Noise Buildup in an Amplifier Chain 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Receiver Sensitivity and Q Factor 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Bit-Error Rate 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Relation between Q Factor and Optical SNR 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Role of Dispersive and Nonlinear Effects 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Noise Growth through Modulation Instability 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Noise-Induced Signal Degradation 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 Noise-Induced Energy Fluctuations 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.4 Noise-Induced Timing Jitter 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Periodically Amplified Lightwave Systems 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1 Numerical Approach 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2 Optimum Launched Power 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Dispersion Management 310\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Dispersion Problem and Its Solution 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Dispersion-Compensating Fibers 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Conditions for Dispersion Compensation 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Dispersion Maps 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 DCF Designs 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Fiber Bragg Gratings 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Constant-Period Gratings 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Chirped Fiber Gratings 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Sampled Gratings 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Dispersion-Equalizing Filters 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Gires–Tournois Filters 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Mach–Zehnder and Other Filters 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Optical Phase Conjugation 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Principle of Operation 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Compensation of Self-Phase Modulation 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Generation of Phase-Conjugated Signal 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Advanced Techniques 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Tunable Dispersion Compensation 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Higher-Order Dispersion Management 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 PMD Compensation 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Electronic Dispersion Compensation 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Pre-compensation at the Transmitter 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Post-Compensation at the Receiver 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Control of Nonlinear Effects 355\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Impact of Fiber Nonlinearity 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 System Design Issues 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Semianalytic Approach 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Soliton and Pseudo-linear Regimes 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Solitons in Optical Fibers 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Properties of Optical Solitons 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Loss-Managed Solitons 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Dispersion-Managed Solitons 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Timing Jitter 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Pseudo-linear Lightwave Systems 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Origin of Intrachannel Nonlinear Effects 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Intrachannel Cross-Phase Modulation 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Intrachannel Four-Wave Mixing 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Management of Nonlinear Effects 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Optimization of Dispersion Maps 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Phase-Alternation Technique 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Polarization Bit Interleaving 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Optical Phase Conjugation 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.5 Phase-Sensitive Amplification 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Coherent Lightwave Systems 402\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Coherent Transmitters 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Encoding of Optical Signals 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Amplitude and Phase Modulators 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Quadrature modulator 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Coherent Receivers 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Synchronous Heterodyne Demodulation 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Asynchronous Heterodyne Demodulation 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Optical Delay Demodulation 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Phase Diversity and Polarization Diversity 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Noise and Bit-Error Rate 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Synchronous Heterodyne Receivers 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Asynchronous Heterodyne Receivers 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Receivers with Optical Delay Demodulation 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Sources of Performance Degradation 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Intensity Noise of Lasers 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Phase Noise of Lasers 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Effects of Fiber’s Dispersion 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Management of Nonlinear Effects 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Nonlinear Phase Noise 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Compensation of Nonlinear Phase Noise 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Nonlinear Interference Noise 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Digital Signal Processing 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Removal of Intermediate Frequency and Phase fluctuations 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Compensation of GVD and PMD 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Digital Backward Propagation 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Experimental Progress 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 DPSK and DQPSK formats 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 QPSK and QAM formats 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.3 Coherent Orthogonal FDM 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.4 Optical Superchannels 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Channel Capacity 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Space-Division Multiplexing 462\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 SDM Technique 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Modes of Optical Fibers 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Step-Index Fibers 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Graded-Index Fibers 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Multicore Fibers 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 SDM Components 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Design of SDM Fibers 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Spatial Multiplexers and Demultiplexers 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Multicore\/Multimode Fiber Amplifiers 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Other SDM Components 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Modeling of SDM Systems 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Multimode Coupled Nonlinear Equations 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Averaged Multimode Nonlinear Equations 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Nonlinear Effects in MCFs 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 Nonlinear Effects in MMFs 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Experimental Progress 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 MCF-Based SDM Systems 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 MMF-Based SDM Systems 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 High-Capacity SDM Systems 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Advanced Topics 505\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Optical Signal Processing 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirrors 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Parametric Amplifiers 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.4 Bistable Optical Devices 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.5 Optical Flip–Flops 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Wavelength Conversion 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 XPM-Based Wavelength Converters 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 FWM-Based Wavelength Converters 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Semiconductor Waveguides 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 SOA-Based Wavelength Converters 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Ultrafast Optical Switching 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Time-Domain Demultiplexing 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Packet Switching 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Format Conversion 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Optical Regeneration 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 2R Regenerators 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 3R Regenerators 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Regeneration of Phase-Encoded Signals 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Nonlinear Frequency-Division Multiplexing 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Nonlinear Fourier Transform 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Practical Implementation 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA System of Units 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB Acronyms 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC Formula for Pulse Broadening 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD Nyquist Pulses 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 576\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866413773143,"sku":"9781119737360","price":124.15,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119737360.jpg?v=1722278526","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/fiberoptic-communication-systems-9781119737360","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}