{"product_id":"experiments-models-paper-tools-9780804743594","title":"Experiments Models Paper Tools","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExperimentalization in chemistry was driven by a sign system of chemical formulas invented by the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius. By tracing the history of this \"paper tool\", this work shows how chemistry lost its orientation to natural history.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"This is a very valuable and stimulating book.\" -- \u003ci\u003eAmerican Historical Review\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"[Klein] herself has made a major contribution to the philosophy and the history of chemistry by making clear the existence and the manner of a major but overlooked transformation in organic chemistry. Methodologically and substantively, this is a significant achievement.\" -- \u003ci\u003eCanadian Journal of History\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"\u003ci\u003eExperiments, Models, Paper Tools\u003c\/i\u003e is a clear and compelling account of an important epoch in the history of organic chemistry, as well as a fine demonstration and elaboration of Klein's most fruitful investigation into the special role of systems of representation in the history of chemistry.\" -- Annals of Science\u003cbr\u003e\"...an original contribution to the history of chemistry and a fascinating book....clearly presented, intellectually stimulating, and a pleasure to read.\" -- \u003ci\u003eBritish Journal of the History of Science\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface       Introduction    1. The Semiotics of Berzelian Chemical Formulas     The Various Meanings of Berzelian Formulas     Image and Language: The Syntax of Berzelian Formulas    2. Two Cultures of Organic Chemistry in the Nineteenth        Century: A Structural Comparison     The Area of Research Objects in Early Nineteenth-Century Plant        and Animal Chemistry     Plant and Animal Substances: A Cross between Natural History        and Chemistry     The Classification of Plant and Animal Substances     \"Nature\" and \"Art\" in the Experimental Practice of Plant and        Animal Chemistry     The Experimental Culture of Organic Chemistry after 1840     The Two Forms of Organic Chemistry Compared    3. Experiments on the Periphery of Plant Chemistry     Ether Production and Commercial Pharmacy     Interpretive Models of the Formation of Ordinary Ether        around 1800     Quantitative Approaches in the Study of Organic Reactions     Simplified Quantitative Experiments     The Manufacture of an Artificial Oil in the Chemical Laboratory     New Attempts to Balance the Masses of Reacting Substances             The Overthrow of the Accepted Interpretive Model of the        Formation of Ordinary Ether    4. Paper Tools for the Construction of Interpretive Models        of Chemical Reactions      The Historical Problem      Modeling Separate Reaction Pathways      The Performative Function of Berzelian Formulas    5. Paper Tools for the Classification of Organic Substances     The Structure and Function of Dumas and Boullay's Table     Experimentation and the Construction of Formula Models for the        \"Compounds of Bicarbonated Hydrogen\"      The Enlargement of Substance Classes by the Construction of        Further Formula Models     Manipulations of Formulas and Their Significance     Reception of the New Classification among European Chemists    6. Paper Tools for Modeling the Constitution of Organic        Compounds      The Shared Conceptual Preconditions for the Models of        Constitution     Models of Constitution Prior to 1833     The Controversy    7. The Dialectic of Tools and Goals      A Performative Account of Conceptual Development      The Creation of Mutual Adjustments and Its Reflection in the        New Mode of Justification    8. The Historical Transformation Process      Model Objects and Unintended Paradigmatic Achievements      The Structural Transformation    9. Paper Tools      Filling in the Gaps of Inscription Devices      Chains of Inscriptions and Paper Tools        Notes      Literature Cited      Index","brand":"Stanford University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49405549805911,"sku":"9780804743594","price":62.9,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780804743594.jpg?v=1730492796","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/experiments-models-paper-tools-9780804743594","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}