{"product_id":"essential-guide-to-blood-groups-9781118688922","title":"Essential Guide to Blood Groups","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eEssential Guide to Blood Groups\u003c\/i\u003e is the only pocket sized guide to provide essential information on blood group systems. The main aim of the blood transfusion laboratory is to promote safe blood transfusion. The avoidance of errors, from sample receipt and laboratory testing through to the release of blood for transfusion, is of paramount importance. Knowledge of immunohaematology theory and its application to blood transfusion together with the principles of good laboratory practice are essential. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis handbook helps to address these important issues and also covers:\u003cbr\u003e  the serology, inheritance, biochemistry, and molecular genetics of the most important blood group systems\u003cbr\u003e  their clinical importance\u003cbr\u003e  techniques used in blood grouping, troubleshooting, and quality assurance\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThis unique and practical guide:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  is written by leaders in the field, including the author of the best seller Human Blood Groups\u003cbr\u003e  provides the basic knowled\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations x\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 An introduction to blood groups 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is a blood group? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood group antibodies 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical importance of blood groups 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological importance of blood groups 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood group systems 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood group terminology and classification 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Techniques used in blood grouping 8\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors affecting antigen–antibody reactions 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperature 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime and ionic strength 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epH 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntigen density 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStages of haemagglutination reactions 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect agglutination 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndirect agglutination 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnzyme techniques 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntiglobulin tests 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElution techniques 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutomation of test procedures 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlow cytometry 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular blood group genotyping 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The ABO blood groups 22\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eABO antigens, antibodies, and inheritance 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA1 and A2 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntigen, phenotype, and gene frequencies 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eABO antibodies 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportance of the ABO system to transfusion and transplantation medicine 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiochemical nature of the ABO antigens 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiosynthesis of the ABO antigens and ABO molecular genetics 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH, the precursor of A and B 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eABH secretion 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH-deficient red cells 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther complexities 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcquired changes 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssociations with disease and functional aspects 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Rh blood group system 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction – Rh, not rhesus 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHaplotypes, genotypes, and phenotypes 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiochemistry and molecular genetics 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD antigen (RH1) 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular basis of the D polymorphism 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD variants 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical significance of anti-D 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD testing 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC, c, E, and e antigens (RH2, RH4, RH3, RH5) 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical significance of CcEe antibodies 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular basis of the C\/c and E\/e polymorphisms 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Rh antigens 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompound antigens: ce, Ce, CE, cE (RH6, RH7, RH22, RH27), and G (RH12) 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCw, Cx, and MAR (RH8, RH9, RH51) 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVS and V (RH20, RH10) 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRh-deficient phenotypes – Rhnull and Rhmod 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutative function of the Rh proteins and RhAG 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Other blood groups 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Kell system 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Kell glycoprotein and the KEL gene 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKell system antigens 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKell system antibodies 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKo phenotype 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMcLeod syndrome, McLeod phenotype, and Kx (XK1) antigen 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Duffy system 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFya (FY1) and Fyb (FY2) 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnti-Fya and -Fyb 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFy3 and Fy5 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Duffy-glycoprotein, a receptor for chemokines 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuffy and malaria 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Kidd system 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJka (JK1) and Jkb (JK2); anti-Jka and -Jkb 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJk(a−b−) and Jk3 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Kidd-glycoprotein is a urea transporter 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe MNS system 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eM (MNS1) and N (MNS2); anti-M and -N 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eS (MNS3) and s (MNS4); anti-S and -s 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eS− s− U− phenotype and anti-U 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther MNS antigens and antibodies 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Diego system 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBand 3, the red cell anion exchanger 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDia (DI1) and Dib (DI2); anti-Dia and -Dib 58\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Wra (DI3) and Wrb (DI4); anti-Wra and -Wrb 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Diego-system antigens 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Lewis System 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome other blood group systems 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eP1PK 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLutheran 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYt 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXg 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScianna 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDombrock 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColton 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandsteiner–Wiener (LW) 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChido\/Rodgers 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGerbich 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCromer 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnops 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndian 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJR and Lan 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVel 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntigens that do not belong to a blood group system 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Clinical significance of blood group antibodies 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibody production and structure 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors affecting the clinical significance of antibodies 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibody specificity 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHaemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR) 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntravascular red cell destruction 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtravascular red cell destruction 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHaemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrossmatching for infants under 4 months old 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutoantibodies 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTests to assess the potential significance of an antibody 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecision-making for transfusion 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Blood grouping from DNA 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFetal blood grouping 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood group typing of patients and donors 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNext generation sequencing 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe future of blood group serology 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Quality assurance in immunohaematology 85\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAchieving total quality 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency and specificity of control material 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality requirements for safe transfusion practice 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChecklist of critical control points 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaboratory errors, root cause analysis (RCA), and corrective and preventive action (CAPA) 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Trouble-shooting and problem-solving in the reference laboratory 92\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eABO grouping 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRh grouping 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems in antibody screening, identification, and crossmatching 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Frequently asked questions 102\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is the difference between sensitivity and specificity and how can these be determined? 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy is anti-A,B no longer obligatory in ABO typing? 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy are two anti-D reagents often recommended for RhD typing? 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is the importance of detecting D variant (weak D and partial D) phenotypes? 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow do I control the results for antiglobulin testing? 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy should RhD positive women be tested more than once during pregnancy? 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow often should transfusion recipients be tested for the presence of antibodies? 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow can passive anti-D be differentiated from anti-D due to alloimmunisation? 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy do we need to perform antibody screening? Isn’t a crossmatch by IAT at 37°C enough to detect\u003cbr\u003e incompatible blood? 105\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e What is the incidence of alloimmunisation post-transfusion? 105\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e How do I determine and identify antibodies present in a sample? 105\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e What is a compound antibody? 105\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e How can the incidence of compatible donors for a recipient with multiple antibodies be calculated? 106\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Why can’t the droppers in bottles of reagents be used instead of a volumetric pipette? 106\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e What cells should be used when performing an antibody titration? 107\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e How are the results of titrations reported? 107\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e What is a Major Obstetric Haemorrhage? 107\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e What is ‘Massive Transfusion’? 107\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e When group-specific blood is in short supply, how do I select the ‘next best’ for transfusion? 108\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e How are high-titre haemagglutinins classified? 108\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e What is an ‘immediate spin’ crossmatch? 108\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e What is an ‘electronic crossmatch’? 108\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Which patients are not eligible for electronic issue of blood? 108\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e What is ‘bed-side’ testing? 109\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e What are signs and symptoms of a suspected transfusion reaction? 109\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e What action should be taken in the event of a suspected transfusion reaction? 109\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e In haemovigilance, how should ‘near-miss’ events be characterised? 109\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Recommended reading and web sites 111\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Index 113\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406905319767,"sku":"9781118688922","price":34.15,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118688922.jpg?v=1730497511","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/essential-guide-to-blood-groups-9781118688922","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}