{"product_id":"environmental-psychology-9781119241089","title":"Environmental Psychology","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Figures xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Tables xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Boxes xxii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xxiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Environmental Psychology: History, Scope, and Methods 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLinda Steg, Agnes E. van den Berg, and Judith I. M. de Groot\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 History of the Field 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Towards ‘Architectural’ Psychology 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Towards a Green Psychology 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Current Scope and Characteristics of the Field 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Interactive Approach 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Interdisciplinary Collaboration 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Problem‐Focused Approach 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Diversity of Methods 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Main Research Methods in Environmental Psychology 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Questionnaire Studies 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Laboratory Experiments 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Computer Simulation Studies 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Field Studies 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Case Studies 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Overview of the Book 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART I ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND WELL-BEING 13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Environmental Risk Perception 15\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGisela Böhm and Carmen Tanner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 What are Environmental Risks? 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Subjective Risk Judgements 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Heuristics and Biases in Risk Judgements 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Temporal Discounting of Environmental Risks 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 The Psychometric Paradigm 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Risk, Values, and Morality 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Values 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Morality and Ethics 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Emotional Reactions to Environmental Risks 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Summary 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Climate Change as a Unique Environmental Problem 26\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJanet K. Swim and Lorraine Whitmarsh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Public Understanding of Climate Change 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Assessing the Risk of Climate Change 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Detecting a Problem 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Interpretations of Problems 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Accepting Responsibility and Taking Action 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Summary 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Environmental Stress 36\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eElena Bilotta, Uchita Vaid, and Gary W. Evans\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Conceptualizations of Stress 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Effects of Environmental Stress 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Noise 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Crowding 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Poor Housing Quality 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Poor Neighbourhood Quality 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Traffic Congestion 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Summary 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Scenic Beauty: Visual Landscape Assessment and Human Landscape Perception 45\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMari S. Tveit, Åsa Ode Sang, and Caroline M. Hagerhall\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Visual Quality Assessment 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Theories Explaining Landscape Preferences as Innate or Learnt 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Measuring and Mapping Scenic Beauty 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Methodological Developments 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Summary 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Health Benefits of Nature 55\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAgnes E. van den Berg,Yannick Joye, and Sjerp de Vries\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 What is Health and How can it be Measured? 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 What is Nature and How can it be Measured? 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Nature and Clinical Health 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Green Space and Public Health 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Mechanisms Linking Nature to Health 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Air Quality 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Physical Activity 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Social Cohesion 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 Stress Reduction 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Summary 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Restorative Environments 65\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYannick Joye and Agnes E. van den Berg\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Restorative Environments Research 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Stress Recovery Theory 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Attention Restoration Theory 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 The Evolutionary Origins of Restorative Nature Experiences 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Recent Theoretical and Empirical Developments 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Perceptual Fluency Account 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Connectedness to Nature 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Micro‐Restorative Experiences and Instorative Effects 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Applications and Implications 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Summary 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Ambivalence Towards Nature and Natural Landscapes 76\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAgnes E. van den Berg and Cecil C. Konijnendijk\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Historical Overview 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Emotional Impacts and Meanings of Natural Environment Experience 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Views of Nature and Landscape Preferences 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 The Role of Biodiversity 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 An Existential‐Motivational Account 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Practical Implications 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Summary 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Human Dimensions of Wildlife 85\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaarten H. Jacobs, Jerry J. Vaske, Tara L. Teel, and Michael J. Manfredo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Early Work: Attitudes Towards Wildlife 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 The Cognitive Hierarchy 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Wildlife Value Orientations 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Predicting Norms and Attitudes Towards Wildlife 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Emotions Towards Wildlife 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Summary 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Children and the Natural Environment 95\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKarin Tanja\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e‐\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eDijkstra, Jolanda Maas, Janke van Dijk\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e‐\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eWesselius, and Agnes van den Berg\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Childhood Experiences with Nature 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Nature and Children’s Health and Well‐Being 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Physical Health Benefits 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Mental Health Benefits 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Cognitive Benefits 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Childhood Nature Experiences and Adult Environmentalism 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Applications and Implications 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Summary 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Appraising and Designing Built Environments that Promote Well\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeing and Healthy Behaviour 104\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRobert Gifford and Lindsay J. McCunn\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Aesthetic Appraisals of Architecture 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Uniformities in the Appraisal of Built Space 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Observer Differences 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Meaning in Architecture 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Three Building Design Approaches that Promote Well‐Being and Healthy Behaviour in Buildings 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Social Design 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Biophilic Design 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Evidence‐Based Design 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Summary 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Urban Environmental Quality 113\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMirilia Bonnes, Massimiliano Scopelliti, Ferdinando Fornara, and Giuseppe Carrus\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Urban Settings as a Source of Stress and Discomfort 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Urban Settings as a Source of Well‐Being and Restoration 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Residential Satisfaction – A Multicomponent Concept 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 A Multidimensional Approach to Urban Environmental Quality 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 The Multi‐Place Approach 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Summary 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Environment and Quality of Life 123\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGoda Perlaviciute and Linda Steg\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 QoL: Objective and Subjective Measures 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 QoL: Unidimensional and Multidimensional Measures 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Environment and QoL: Research Overview 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Which QoL Aspects are most Important? 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 To What Extent is QoL Sustained in Certain Situations? 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 How Does QoL Differ with Varying Environmental Conditions? 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 How Do Environmental Transformations Influence QoL? 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Summary 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Place Attachment 135\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLynne C. Manzo and Patrick Devine\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e‐\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eWright\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Theories and Models of Place Attachment 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Components of Place Attachment 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Types of Place Attachments 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Place Attachments Involve an Array of Emotions 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 Place Attachments as Dynamic and Socially Produced 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Applications of Place Attachment 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Summary 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 How Cues in the Environment Affect Normative Behaviour 144\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSiegwart Lindenberg\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Overarching Goals and their Relative Strengths 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Environmental Cues that Directly Strengthen the Normative Goal 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Environmental Cues that Directly Weaken the Normative Goal 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Indirect Weakening of the Normative Goal by Environmental Cues that Strengthen the Gain Goal 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Indirect Weakening of the Normative Goal by Environmental Cues that Strengthen the Hedonic Goal 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Summary 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART II FACTORS INFLUENCING ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Measuring Environmental Behaviour 157\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirgitta Gatersleben\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 What to Measure? Behaviour or Impact 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Environmental Behaviour 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Environmental Impact 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 How to Measure Environmental Behaviour? 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Multidimensional or Unidimensional Measures of Environmental Behaviour 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.1 Multidimensional Measures of Environmental Behaviour 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.2 A Unidimensional Measure of Environmental Behaviour 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Summary 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Values and Pro\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental Behaviour 167\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJudith I.M. de Groot and John Thøgersen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Values 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Value Theories 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Social Value Orientations 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Schwartz’s Value Theory 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.3 Four Key Values for Pro‐Environmental Behaviour 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 How Values Affect Environmental Behaviour 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Related Concepts 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Practical Relevance of Value Research 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Summary 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Social Norms and Pro\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental Behaviour 17\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKees Keizer and P. Wesley Schultz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 What is a Social Norm? 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 How Influential are Norms on Behaviour? 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Why Do People Conform to Norms? 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 When Do Norms Influence Behaviour? 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.1 Salience 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.2 Group Size 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.3 Reference Groups 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.4 Personal Norms 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.5 Norm Conflict and the Importance of Aligned Messages 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Summary 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Emotions and Pro\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental Behaviour 189\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDanny Taufik and Leonie Venhoeven\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Emotions as a Motive for Action 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Hedonic and Eudaimonic View on Emotions 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Why Pro‐Environmental Behaviour Elicits Positive Emotions: A Closer Look at the Eudaimonic View 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Summary 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Symbolic Aspects of Environmental Behaviour 198\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirgitta Gatersleben and Ellen van der Werff\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Identity 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1 Environmental Self‐Identity and Behaviour 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2 Factors Influencing Identity 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Impression Management 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Summary 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Social Dilemmas: Motivational, Individual, and Structural Aspects Influencing Cooperation 207\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChris von Borgstede, Lars\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e‐\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eOlof Johansson, and Andreas Nilsson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Defining Social Dilemmas 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Types of Social Dilemmas 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.1 Large‐Scale Dilemmas 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.2 Resource Dilemmas 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3.3 Public Good Dilemmas 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Motives in Social Dilemmas 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4.1 Greed 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4.2 Efficiency 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4.3 Fairness 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Factors Promoting Cooperation 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.1 Group Size 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.2 Communication 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.3 Response Efficacy 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.4 Environmental Uncertainty 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.5 Social Uncertainty 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5.6 Norms in Large‐Scale Dilemmas 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Summary 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Theories to Explain Environmental Behaviour 217\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLinda Steg and Annika Nordlund\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Theory of Planned Behaviour 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Protection Motivation Theory 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 The Norm Activation Model 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 The Value‐Belief‐Norm Theory of Environmentalism 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Goal‐Framing Theory 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Summary 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 The Role of Group Processes in Environmental Issues, Attitudes, and Behaviours 228\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLise Jans and Kelly Fielding\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Introduction 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Why Should Environmental Psychologists be Interested in Group Processes? 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 How the Social Identity Approach Explains Environmental Conflict 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Why Social Identity Guides Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4.1 Group Norms Guide Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4.2 Group Members Influence Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4.3 Group Identification Influences Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Why Social Identity can Affect Cooperation on Environmental Issues 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 How the Social Identity Approach Explains Environmental Group Formation 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7 Summary 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Yesterday’s Habits Preventing Change for Tomorrow? About the Influence of Automaticity on Environmental Behaviour 238\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChristian A. Klöckner and Bas Verplanken\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Introduction 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Theoretical Background: How Habits are Acquired 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Narrowing Down Decision‐Making: How Habits Affect Information Use 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Measuring Habits: A Challenge for Research 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Breaking Bad Habits, Creating Good Habits: Interventions Changing Routine Behaviour 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Summary 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Environmental Psychology in Latin America 251\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJavier Urbina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e‐\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eSoria and Emilio Moyano\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e‐\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eDíaz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Introduction 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Latin American Background 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Past Reviews on Environmental Psychology in Latin America 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Recent Developments in Environmental Psychology in Latin America 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Key Issues for the Development of Research in Latin America 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5.1 Lack of Collaboration 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5.2 Few Possibilities to Publish in Spanish or Portuguese 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5.3 Academic Training in Environmental Psychology 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6 Summary 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART III ENCOURAGING PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 Informational Strategies to Promote Pro\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental Behaviour: Changing Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes 263\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWokje Abrahamse and Ellen Matthies\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Introduction 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Interventions: From Research to Implementation 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Informational Strategies 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3.1 Provision of Information 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3.2 Goal Setting 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3.3 Commitment 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3.4 Prompting 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3.5 Feedback 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 Intervention Research: Some General Issues 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 Summary 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 Encouraging Pro\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental Behaviour with Rewards and Penalties 273\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJan Willem Bolderdijk, Philip K. Lehman, and E. Scott Geller\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Introduction 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Analysis of Consequences 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Natural Versus Extra Consequences 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 When is it Appropriate to Apply Extra Consequences? 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5 How Should Extra Consequences be Announced and Delivered? 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.1 Negative Versus Positive Consequences 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.2 Monetary Versus Non‐Monetary Consequences 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6 Summary 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28 Persuasive Technology to Promote Pro\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental Behaviour 283\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCees Midden and Jaap Ham\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Introduction 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Technology and Behaviour 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3 Persuasive Technology 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.4 Approaches to Applying Persuasive Technology 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.5 Social Influence through Smart Systems 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.5.1 The Role of Social Cues 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.5.2 Reactance 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.6 Providing Persuasive Experiences 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.7 Persuasive Technology as a Tool to Promote Behaviour Change 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.7.1 Ambient Persuasion 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.7.2 Group Interventions 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.8 Summary 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29 Acceptability of Environmental Policies 295\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGeertje Schuitema and Cecilia J. Bergstad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 Introduction 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2 Acceptability as a Social Dilemma 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3 Theoretical Framework to Explain the Acceptability of Policy Measures 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3.1 Individual Policy Outcomes 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3.2 Collective Policy Outcomes 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3.3 Fair Distribution of Policy Outcomes 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.4 Procedural Fairness and Acceptability of Environmental Policies 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.5 How can Public Support Increase Over Time? An Illustration 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.6 Summary 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 Processes of Change 307\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSebastian Bamberg and Maxie Schulte\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.1 Introduction 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.2 Lewin’s Theory of Change 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.3 Behavioural Change: A Self‐Regulation Process Steered by Feedback Loops 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.3.1 Goals as Reference Values in a Feedback Loop 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.3.2 Hierarchical Organization of Goals and Feedback Loops 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.3.3 The Importance of Self‐Focus 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.4 Behavioural Change: It Takes Time to Overcome Resistance to Change 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.5 The Stage Model of Self‐Regulated Behavioural Change 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.6 Implications for Interventions 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.7 Empirical Validation of the SSBC 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.8 Summary 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e31 Simulating Social Environmental Systems 319\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWander Jager and Nick Gotts\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.1 Introduction 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.2 An Introduction to Social Complexity 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.3 Social Simulation as a Methodology 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.4 Social Simulation of Environmental Behaviour 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.4.1 Using Theory in Simulation Models: Formalizing Processes of Attitude Change 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.4.2 Using Theory and Data in Models: Diffusion of Environmental Innovations 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.5 Integrating Social Simulation into Environmental Modelling 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.5.1 The Lakeland Study 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.5.2 Companion Modelling: A Study of Rice Production and Labour Migrations in North‐East Thailand 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.5.3 Integrating Multiple Models of a Socioenvironmental System: Water Use in the Danube Basin 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.6 Key Steps in Building Agent‐Based Models 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.6.1 Development of Models 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.6.2 Using Models 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.7 Summary 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32 Environmental Issues in Low\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e and Middle\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome Countries 330\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNadja Contzen, Hans\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e‐\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoachim Mosler, and Silvie Kraemer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e‐\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003ePalacios\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.1 Introduction 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.2 Environmental Risk Perception, Environmental Concern, and Climate Change Perception 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.2.1 Environmental Risk Perception 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.2.2 Environmental Concern 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.2.3 Climate Change Perception 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.3 Residential Environment and Well‐Being 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.3.1 Slums and Public Housing 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.3.2 Communal Spaces 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.3.3 Rural Communities 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.4 Behaviour and Behaviour Change 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.4.1 Resource Conservation 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.4.2 Sustainable Transportation 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.4.3 Recycling 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.4.4 Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.5 Summary 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e33 Conclusion: Summary, Trends, and Future Perspectives in Environmental Psychology 341\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAgnes E. van den Berg and Linda Steg\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.1 Summary and Key Findings 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.1.1 Part I: Environmental Influences on Human Behaviour and Well‐Being 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.1.2 Part II: Factors Influencing Environmental Behaviour 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.1.3 Part III: Encouraging Pro‐Environmental Behaviour 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.2 General Trends and Developments 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.2.1 Positive Interactions Between Humans and Environments 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.2.2 Integrative Approaches 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.2.3 From One Psychology to Multiple Psychologies 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.3 Challenges for Future Research 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.3.1 Further Integration 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.3.2 Further Development of Theories and Methods 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.3.3 Further Engagement 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestions for Further Reading 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default 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