{"product_id":"electrical-machine-fundamentals-with-numerical-simulation-using-matlabsimulink-9781119682639","title":"Electrical Machine Fundamentals with Numerical","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Fundamentals of Electrical Machines 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Preliminary Remarks 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Basic Laws of Electrical Engineering 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Ohm’s Law 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Generalization of Ohm’s Law 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.1 Derivation of Eq. (1.6) 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Ohm’s Law for Magnetic Circuits 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Kirchhoff’s Laws for Magnetic Circuits 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Lorentz Force Law 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 Biot-Savart Law 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.7 Ampere Circuital Law 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.8 Faraday’s Law 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.8.1 Motional emf 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.9 Flux Linkages and Induced Voltages 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.10 Induced Voltages 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.11 Induced Electric Fields 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.12 Reformulation of Faraday’s Law 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Inductance 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Application of Ampere’s Law to Find B in a Solenoid 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Magnetic Field of a Toroid 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 The Inductance of Circular Air-Cored Toroid 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Mutual Inductance 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Energy 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Overview of Electric Machines 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Summary 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Magnetic Circuits 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Preliminary Remarks 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Permeability 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Classification of Magnetic Materials 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Uniform Magnetic Field 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Magnetic-Field Intensity 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Hysteresis Loop 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Hysteresis Loop for Soft Iron and Steel 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Eddy-Current and Core Losses 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Magnetic Circuits 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 The Magnetic Circuit Concept 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Magnetic Circuits Terminology 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2.1 Limitations of the Analogy Between Electric and Magnetic Circuits 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Effect of Air Gaps 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3.1 Magnetic Circuit with an Air Gap 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3.2 Magnetic Forces Exerted by Electromagnets 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Field Energy 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.1 The Magnetic Energy in Terms of the Magnetic Induction B 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.2 The Magnetic Energy in Terms of the Current Density J and the Vector Potential A 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.3 The Magnetic Energy in Terms of the Current I and of the Flux \u003ci\u003e𝛹m \u003c\/i\u003e103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.4 The Magnetic Energy in Terms of the Currents and Inductances 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 The Magnetic Energy for a Solenoid Carrying a Current I 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Energy Flow Diagram 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1 Power Flow Diagram of DC Generator and DC Motor 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1.1 Power Flow Diagram and Losses of Induction Motor 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1.2 Rotational Losses 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Multiple Excited Systems 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Doubly Excited Systems 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11.1 Torque Developed 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11.1.1 Excitation Torque 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11.1.2 Reluctance Torque 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Concept of Rotating Magnetic Field 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.1 Rotating Magnetic Field due to Three-Phase Currents 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.1.1 Speed of Rotating Magnetic Field 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.1.2 Direction of Rotating Magnetic Field 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12.2 Alternate Mathematical Analysis for Rotating Magnetic Field 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Summary 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Single-Phase and Three-Phase Transformers 147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Preliminary Remarks 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Classification of Transformers 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Classification Based on Number of Phases 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.1 Single-Phase Transformers 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.2 Three-Phase Transformers 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.3 Multi-Phase Transformers 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Classification Based on Operation 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.1 Step-Up Transformers 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.2 Step-Down Transformers 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Classification Based on Construction 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3.1 Core-Type Transformers 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3.2 Shell-Type Transformers 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Classification Based on Number of Windings 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.1 Single-Winding Transformer 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.2 Two-Winding Transformer 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.3 Three-Winding Transformer 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Classification Based on Use 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.1 Power Transformer 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.2 Distribution Transformer 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Principle of Operation of the Transformer 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Ideal Transformer 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Impedance Transformation 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 DOT Convention 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Real\/Practical Transformer 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Equivalent Circuit of a Single-Phase Transformer 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Phasor Diagrams Under Load Condition 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Testing of Transformer 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.1 Open-Circuit Test 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.2 Short-Circuit Test 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Performance Measures of a Transformer 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.1 Voltage Regulation 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.1.1 Condition for Maximum Voltage Regulation 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.1.2 Condition for Zero Voltage Regulation 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.2 Efficiency of Transformer 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.3 Maximum Efficiency Condition 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 All-Day Efficiency or Energy Efficiency 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Autotransformer 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13 Three-Phase Transformer 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13.1 Input (Y), Output (Δ) 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13.2 Input Delta (Δ), Output Star (Y) 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13.3 Input Delta (Δ), Output Delta (Δ) 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13.4 Input Star (Y), Output Star (Y) 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14 Single-Phase Equivalent Circuit of Three-Phase Transformer 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.15 Open-Delta Connection or V Connection 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16 Harmonics in a Single-Phase Transformer 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16.1 Excitation Phenomena in a Single-Phase Transformer 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16.2 Harmonics in a Three-Phase Transformer 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16.2.1 Star-Delta Connection with Grounded Neutral 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16.2.2 Star-Delta Connection without Grounded Neutral 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16.3 Summary 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16.4 Star-Star with Isolated Neutral 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17 Disadvantages of Harmonics in Transformer 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17.1 Effect of Harmonic Currents 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17.2 Electromagnetic Interference 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17.3 Effect of Harmonic Voltages 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17.4 Summary 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17.5 Oscillating Neutral Phenomena 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.18 Open Circuit and Short-Circuit Conditions in a Three-Phase Transformer 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.19 Matlab\/Simulink Model of a Single-Phase Transformer 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.20 Matlab\/Simulink Model of Testing of Transformer 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.21 Matlab\/Simulink Model of Autotransformer 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.22 Matlab\/Simulink Model of Three-Phase Transformer 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.23 Supplementary Solved Problems 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.24 Summary 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.25 Problems 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Fundamentals of Rotating Electrical Machines and Machine Windings 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Preliminary Remarks 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Generator Principle 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Simple Loop Generator 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Action of Commutator 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Force on a Conductor 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.1 DC Motor Principle 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.2 Motor Action 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Machine Windings 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Coil Construction 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.1 Coil Construction: Distributed Winding 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.2 Coil Construction: Concentrated Winding 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.3 Coil Construction: Conductor Bar 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Revolving (Rotor) Winding 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Stationary (Stator) Winding 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 DC ArmatureWindings 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4.1 Pole Pitch (Yp) 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4.2 Coil Pitch or Coil Span (Ycs) 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4.3 Back Pitch (Yb) 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4.4 Front Pitch (Yf) 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4.5 Resultant Pitch (Y) 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4.6 Commutator Pitch (a) 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Lap Winding 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5.1 Lap Multiple or Parallel Windings 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5.2 Formulas for Lap Winding 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5.3 Multiplex, Single, Double, and Triple Windings 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5.4 Meaning of the Term Re-entrant 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5.5 Multiplex Lap Windings 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 WaveWinding 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6.1 Formulas forWave Winding 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6.2 MultiplexWave or Series-ParallelWinding 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6.3 Formulas for Series-Parallel Winding 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 Symmetrical Windings 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7.1 Possible SymmetricalWindings for DC Machines of a Different Number of Poles 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.8 Equipotential Connectors (Equalizing Rings) 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.9 Applications of Lap andWave Windings 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.10 Dummy or Idle Coils 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.10.1 Dummy Coils 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.11 Whole-CoilWinding and Half-CoilWinding 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.12 Concentrated Winding 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.13 Distributed Winding 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Electromotive Force (emf) Equation 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 emf Equation of an Alternator [1] 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.1 Winding Factor (Coil Pitch and Distributed Windings) 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Winding Factors 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.1 Pitch Factor or Coil Pitch (Pitch Factor (Kp) or Coil Span Factor [Kc]) 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Distribution Factor (Breadth Factor (Kb) or Distribution Factor (Kd)) 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.1 Distribution Factor (Kd) 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Magnetomotive Force (mmf) of ACWindings 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 mmf and Flux in Rotating Machine 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Main Air-Gap Flux (Field Flux) 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 mmf of a Coil [5] 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.1 mmf 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.2 mmf of Distributed Windings 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.3 mmf SpaceWave of a Single Coil 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.4 mmf SpaceWave of One Phase of a Distributed Winding [6] 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Harmonic Effect [7] 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 The Form Factor and the emf per Conductor 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 TheWave Form 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Problem Due to Harmonics 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Elimination or Suppression of Harmonics 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4.1 Shape of Pole Face 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4.2 Use of Several Slots per Phase per Pole 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4.3 Use of Short-Pitch Windings 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4.4 Effect of the Y- and Δ -Connection on Harmonics 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4.5 Harmonics Produced by Armature Slots 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Basic Principles of Electric Machines 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 AC Rotating Machines 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1.1 The Rotating Magnetic Field 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1.2 The Relationship between Electrical Frequency and the Speed of Magnetic Field Rotation 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1.3 Reversing the Direction of the Magnetic Field Rotation 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1.4 The Induced Voltage in AC Machines 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1.5 The Induced Voltage in a Coil on a Two-Pole Stator 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1.6 The Induced Voltage in a Three-Phase Set of Coils 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1.7 The rms Voltage in a Three-Phase Stator 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 The Induced Torque in an AC Machine 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Summary 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 DC Machines 341\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Preliminary Remarks 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Construction and Types of DC Generator 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Construction of DC Machine 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Types of DC Generator 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Principle of Operation of DC Generator 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Voltage Build-Up in a DC Generator 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Function of Commutator 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Commutation Problem and Solution 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Brush Shifting 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Commutating Poles 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Compensating Windings 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Types of Windings 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 emf Equations in a DC Generator 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Brush Placement in a DC Machine 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Equivalent Circuit of DC Generator 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Losses of DC Generator 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Armature Reaction 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.1 No-Load Operation 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10.2 Loaded Operation 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Principle of Operation of a DC Motor 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.1 Equivalent Circuit of a DC Motor 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 emf and Torque Equations of DC Motor 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13 Types of DC Motor 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13.1 Separately Excited DC Motor 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13.2 Self-Excited DC Motor 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13.2.1 Shunt DC Motor 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13.2.2 Series DC Motor 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14 Characteristics of DC Motors 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14.1 Separately Excited and DC Shunt Motor 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14.2 DC Series Motor 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14.3 Compound Motor 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.15 Starting of a DC Motor 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.15.1 Design of a Starter for a DC Motor 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.15.2 Types of Starters 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.15.2.1 Three-Point Starter 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.15.2.2 Four-Point Starter 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16 Speed Control of a DC Motor 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16.1 Separately Excited and DC Shunt Motor 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16.2 DC Series Motor 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.17 Solved Examples 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18 Matlab\/Simulink Model of a DC Machine 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18.1 Matlab\/Simulink Model of a Separately\/ Shunt DC Motor 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18.2 Matlab\/Simulink Model of a DC Series Motor 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18.3 Matlab\/Simulink Model of a Compound DC Motor 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19 Summary 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Three-Phase Induction Machine 401\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Preliminary Remarks 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Construction of a Three-Phase Induction Machine 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Stator 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Stator Frame 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Rotor 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Principle Operation of a Three-Phase Induction Motor 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Slip in an Induction Motor 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Frequency of Rotor Voltage and Current 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Induction Machine and Transformer 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Per-phase Equivalent Circuit of a Three-Phase Induction Machine 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Power Flow Diagram in a Three-Phase Induction Motor 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Power Relations in a Three-Phase Induction Motor 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Steps to Find Powers and Efficiency 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Per-Phase Equivalent Circuit Considering Stray-Load Losses 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Torque and Power using Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Torque-Speed Characteristics 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.1 Condition for Maximum Torque 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2 Condition for Maximum Torque at Starting 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3 Approximate Equations 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Losses in a Three-Phase Induction Machine 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11.1 Copper Losses or Resistive Losses 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11.2 Magnetic Losses 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11.3 Mechanical Losses 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11.4 Stray-Load Losses 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 Testing of a Three-Phase Induction Motor 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.1 No-Load Test 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.2 Blocked Rotor Test 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.3 DC Test 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.4 Load Test 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.5 International Standards for Efficiency of Induction Machines 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.6 International Standards for the Evaluation of Induction Motor Efficiency 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 Starting of a Three-Phase Induction Motor 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13.1 Direct-on-Line Start 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13.2 Line Resistance Start 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13.3 Star-Delta Starter 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13.4 Autotransformer Starter 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Speed Control of Induction Machine 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.1 By Varying the Frequency of the Supply 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.2 Pole Changing Method 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.2.1 Multiple Numbers of Windings 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.2.2 Consequent Pole Method 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.3 Stator Voltage Control 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.3.1 Voltage\/Frequency = Constant Control 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.3.2 Rotor Resistance Variation 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.3.3 Rotor Voltage Injection Method 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.3.4 Cascade Connection of Induction Machines 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14.3.5 Pole-Phase Modulation for Speed Control 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15 Matlab\/Simulink Modelling of the Three-Phase Induction Motor 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15.1 Plotting Torque-Speed Curve under Steady-State Condition 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15.2 Dynamic Simulation of Induction Machine 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.16 Practice Examples 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17 Summary 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Synchronous Machines 491\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Preliminary Remarks 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Synchronous Machine Structures 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Stator and Rotor 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Working Principle of the Synchronous Generator 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 The Synchronous Generator under No-Load 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 The Synchronous Generator under Load 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Working Principle of the Synchronous Motor 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Starting of the Synchronous Motor 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Starting by External Motor 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Starting by using Damper Winding 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Starting by Variable Frequency Stator Supply 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Armature Reaction in Synchronous Motor 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Equivalent Circuit and Phasor Diagram of the Synchronous Machine 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Phasor Diagram of the Synchronous Generator 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Phasor Diagram of the Synchronous Motor 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Characteristics 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1 Open-Circuit Curve 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2 Short-Circuit Curve 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.3 The Unsaturated Synchronous Reactance 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.4 The Saturated Synchronous Reactance 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.5 Short-Circuit Ratio 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Voltage Regulation 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Emf or Synchronous Method 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 The Ampere-Turn or mmf Method 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3 Zero-Power Factor Method or Potier Triangle Method 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3.1 Steps for Drawing Potier Triangles 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3.2 Procedure to Obtain Voltage Regulation using the Potier Triangle Method 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Efficiency of the Synchronous Machine 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Torque and Power Curves 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.1 Real\/Active Output Power of the Synchronous Generator 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.2 Reactive Output Power of the Synchronous Generator 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.3 Complex Input Power to the Synchronous Generator 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.4 Real\/Active Input Power to the Synchronous Generator 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.5 Reactive Input Power to the Synchronous Generator 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Maximum Power Output of the Synchronous Generator 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Capability Curve of the Synchronous Machine 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14 Salient Pole Machine 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14.1 Phasor Diagram of a Salient Pole Synchronous Generator 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14.2 Power Delivered by a Salient Pole Synchronous Generator 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14.3 Maximum Active and Reactive Power Delivered by a Salient Pole Synchronous Generator 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14.3.1 Active Power 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14.3.2 Reactive Power 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.15 Synchronization of an Alternator with a Bus-Bar 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.15.1 Process of Synchronization 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.16 Operation of a Synchronous Machine Connected to an Infinite Bus-Bar (Constant \u003ci\u003eV\u003c\/i\u003et and \u003ci\u003ef \u003c\/i\u003e) 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.16.1 Motor Operation of Change in Excitation at Fixed Shaft Power 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.16.2 Generator Operation for Change in Output Power at Fixed Excitation 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.17 Hunting in the Synchronous Motor 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.17.1 Role of the DamperWinding 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.18 Parallel Operation of Synchronous Generators 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.18.1 The Synchronous Generator Operating in Parallel with the Infinite Bus Bar 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.19 Matlab\/Simulink Model of a Salient Pole Synchronous Machine 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.19.1 Results Motoring Mode 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.19.2 Results Generator Mode 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.20 Summary 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Single-Phase and Special Machines 593\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Preliminary Remarks 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Single-phase Induction Machine 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Field System in a Single-phase Machine 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Equivalent Circuit of Single-phase Machines 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Equivalent Circuit Analysis 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.1 Approximate Equivalent Circuit 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.2 Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 How to Make a Single-phase Induction Motor Self Starting 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Testing of an Induction Machine 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 DC Test 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 No-load Test 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Blocked-Rotor Test 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Types of Single-Phase Induction Motors 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Split-Phase Induction Motor 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Capacitor-Start Induction Motor 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run Induction Motor (Two-Value Capacitor Method) 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Single-Phase Induction Motor Winding Design 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Split-Phase Induction Motor 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.2 Capacitor-Start Motors 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Permanent Split-Capacitor (PSC) Motor 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Shaded-Pole Induction Motor 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Universal Motor 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Switched-Reluctance Motor (SRM) 624\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines 624\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Brushless DC Motor 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14 Mathematical Model of the Single-phase Induction Motor 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.15 Simulink Model of a Single-Phase Induction Motor 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.16 Summary 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Motors for Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Systems 639\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Components of Electric Vehicles 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Types of EVs 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1.1 Battery-Based EVs 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1.2 Hybrid EVs 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1.3 Fuel-Cell EVs 646\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Significant Components of EVs 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.1 Battery Bank 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.2 DC-DC Converters 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.3 Power Inverter 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.4 Electric Motor 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.5 Transmission System or Gear Box 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.6 Other Components 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Challenges and Requirements of Electric Machines for EVs 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Challenges of Electric Machines for EVs 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Requirements of Electric Machines for EVs 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Commercially Available Electric Machines for EVs 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 DC Motors 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Induction Motor 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Brushless DC Motors 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.5 Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Challenges and Requirements of Electric Machines for RES 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Commercially Available Electric Machines for RES 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 DC Machine 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Induction Machines 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 Synchronous Machines 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.4 Advanced Machines for Renewable Energy 675\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Summary 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Multiphase (More than Three-Phase) Machines Concepts and Characteristics 679\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Preliminary Remarks 679\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Necessity of Multiphase Machines 679\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Evolution of Multiphase Machines 680\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Advantages of Multiphase Machines 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.1 Better Space Harmonics Profile 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.2 Better Torque Ripple Profile 684\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.3 Improved Efficiency 686\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.4 Fault Tolerant Capability 686\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.5 Reduced Ratings of Semiconductor Switches and Better Power\/Torque Distribution 688\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.6 Torque Enhancement by Injecting Lower-Order Harmonics into Stator Currents 688\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Applications of Multiphase Machines 689\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Working Principle 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Multiphase Induction Machine 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Multiphase Synchronous Machine 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Stator-Winding Design 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Three-PhaseWindings 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.1 Single-Layer Full-Pitch Winding 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.2 Single-Layer Short-Pitch Winding 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.3 Double-Layer Full-PitchWinding 699\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.4 Double-Layer Short-Pitch Winding 699\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1.5 Fractional-Slot Winding 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Five-PhaseWindings 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Six-Phase Windings 706\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3.1 Symmetrical Winding of Six-Phase Machine 707\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3.2 Asymmetrical Winding 710\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Nine-PhaseWindings 710\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Mathematical Modelling of Multiphase Machines 715\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Mathematical Modelling of Multiphase Induction Machines in Original Phase-Variable Domain 715\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Transformation Matrix for Multiphase Machines 718\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Modelling of Multiphase Induction Machines in Arbitrary Reference Frames 720\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 Commonly used Reference Frames 722\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.5 Modelling of a Multiphase Synchronous Machine 723\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Vector Control Techniques for Multiphase Machines 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Indirect Field-Oriented Control or Vector-Control Techniques for Multiphase Induction Machines 726\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Vector Control for Multiphase Synchronous Machines 730\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Matlab\/Simulink Model of Multiphase Machines 731\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Dynamic Model of the Nine-Phase Induction Machine 731\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Dynamic Model of the Nine-Phase Synchronous Machine 734\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Summary 741\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 741\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 742\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Numerical Simulation of Electrical Machines using the Finite Element Method 745\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Methods of Solving EM Analysis 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Analytical Techniques 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Numerical Techniques 750\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.1 Finite Difference Method 752\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.2 Finite Element Method 753\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.3 Solution of Laplace Equation Using the Finite Element Method 753\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Formulation of 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Analysis 758\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Maxwell Equations 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.1 Gauss Law 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.2 Gauss Law of Magnetism 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.3 Ampere’s Integral Law 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.4 Faraday’s Integral Law 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.5 Differential Form of Maxwell Equations 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 FEM Adaptive Meshing 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 FEM Variation Principle 764\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Analysis and Implementation of FEM Machine Models 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 RMxprt Design to Implement a Maxwell Model of Machine 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Power Converter Design in Simplorer 776\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Integration of Power Converter with a Maxwell Model for Testing Drive 776\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Example Model of Three-Phase IM in Ansys Maxwell 2D 778\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Summary 793\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 793\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 795                                            \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51039267455319,"sku":"9781119682639","price":114.26,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119682639.jpg?v=1750943107","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/electrical-machine-fundamentals-with-numerical-simulation-using-matlabsimulink-9781119682639","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}