{"product_id":"electrical-energy-efficiency-9780470975510","title":"Electrical Energy Efficiency","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe improvement of electrical energy efficiency is fast becoming one of the most essential areas of sustainability development, backed by political initiatives to control and reduce energy demand.  \u003cp\u003eNow a major topic in industry and the electrical engineering research community, engineers have started to focus on analysis, diagnosis and possible solutions. Owing to the complexity and cross-disciplinary nature of electrical energy efficiency issues, the optimal solution is often multi-faceted with a critical solutions evaluation component to ensure cost effectiveness.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis single-source reference brings a practical focus to the subject of electrical energy efficiency, providing detailed theory and practical applications to enable engineers to find solutions for electroefficiency problems. It presents power supplier as well as electricity user perspectives and promotes routine implementation of good engineering practice.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey features include:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ea comprehensive \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eList of Contributors xi\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eForeword xv\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Overview of Standardization of Energy Efficiency 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFranco Bua and Angelo Baggini\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Standardization 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e1.1.1 ISO\u003c\/i\u003e 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e1.1.2 IEC\u003c\/i\u003e 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e1.1.3 CEN and CENELEC\u003c\/i\u003e 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Cables and Lines 9\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePaola Pezzini and Andreas Sumper\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Theory of Heat Transfer 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e2.1.1 Conduction\u003c\/i\u003e 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e2.1.2 Convection\u003c\/i\u003e 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e2.1.3 Radiation\u003c\/i\u003e 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Current Rating of Cables Installed in Free Air 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Economic Aspects 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Calculation of the Current Rating: Total Costs 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e2.4.1 Evaluation of CJ\u003c\/i\u003e 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Determination of Economic Conductor Sizes 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e2.5.1 Economic Current Range for Each Conductor in a Series of Sizes\u003c\/i\u003e 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e2.5.2 Economic Conductor Size for a Given Load\u003c\/i\u003e 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Summary 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Power Transformers 21\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRoman Targosz, Stefan Fassbinder and Angelo Baggini\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Losses in Transformers 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.1.1 No-Load Losses\u003c\/i\u003e 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.1.2 Load Losses\u003c\/i\u003e 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.1.3 Auxiliary Losses\u003c\/i\u003e 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.1.4 Extra Losses due to Harmonics, Unbalance and Reactive Power\u003c\/i\u003e 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Efficiency and Load Factor 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Losses and Cooling System 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Energy Efficiency Standards and Regulations 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.4.1 MEPS\u003c\/i\u003e 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.4.2 Mandatory Labelling\u003c\/i\u003e 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.4.3 Voluntary Programmes\u003c\/i\u003e 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Life Cycle Costing 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.5.1 Life Cycle Cost of Transformers\u003c\/i\u003e 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.5.2 Detailed Considerations\u003c\/i\u003e 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Design, Material and Manufacturing 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.6.1 Core\u003c\/i\u003e 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.6.2 Windings\u003c\/i\u003e 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.6.3 Other Developments\u003c\/i\u003e 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Case Study – Evaluation TOC of an Industrial Transformer 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.7.1 Method\u003c\/i\u003e 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.7.2 Results\u003c\/i\u003e 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.A Annex 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.A.1 Selected MEPS\u003c\/i\u003e 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Building Automation, Control and Management Systems 71\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAngelo Baggini and Annalisa Marra\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Automation Functions for Energy Savings 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.1.1 Temperature Control\u003c\/i\u003e 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.1.2 Lighting\u003c\/i\u003e 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.1.3 Drives and Motors\u003c\/i\u003e 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.1.4 Technical Alarms and Management\u003c\/i\u003e 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.1.5 Remote Control\u003c\/i\u003e 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Automation Systems 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.2.1 KNX Systems\u003c\/i\u003e 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.2.2 Scada Systems\u003c\/i\u003e 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Automation Device Own Consumption 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Basic Schemes 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.4.1 Heating and Cooling\u003c\/i\u003e 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.4.2 Ventilation and Air Conditioning\u003c\/i\u003e 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.4.3 Lighting\u003c\/i\u003e 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.4.4 Sunscreens\u003c\/i\u003e 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.4.5 Technical Building Management\u003c\/i\u003e 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.4.6 Technical Installations in the Building\u003c\/i\u003e 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 The Estimate of Building Energy Performance 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.5.1 European Standard EN 15232\u003c\/i\u003e 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e4.5.2 Comparison of Methods: Detailed Calculations and BAC Factors\u003c\/i\u003e 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Power Quality Phenomena and Indicators 125\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAndrei Cziker, Zbigniew Hanzelka and Ireana Wasiak\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 RMS Voltage Level 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.1.1 Sources\u003c\/i\u003e 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.1.2 Effects on Energy Efficiency\u003c\/i\u003e 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.1.3 Mitigation Methods\u003c\/i\u003e 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Voltage Fluctuations 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.2.1 Disturbance Description\u003c\/i\u003e 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.2.2 Sources of Voltage Fluctuations\u003c\/i\u003e 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.2.3 Effects and Cost\u003c\/i\u003e 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.2.4 Mitigation Methods\u003c\/i\u003e 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Voltage and Current Unbalance 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.3.1 Disturbance Description\u003c\/i\u003e 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.3.2 Sources\u003c\/i\u003e 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.3.3 Effect and Cost\u003c\/i\u003e 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.3.4 Mitigation Methods\u003c\/i\u003e 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Voltage and Current Distortion 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.4.1 Disturbance Description\u003c\/i\u003e 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.4.2 Sources\u003c\/i\u003e 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.4.3 Effects and Cost\u003c\/i\u003e 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.4.4 Mitigation Methods\u003c\/i\u003e 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 On Site Generation and Microgrids 165\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eIrena Wasiak and Zbigniew Hanzelka\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Technologies of Distributed Energy Resources 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.1.1 Energy Sources\u003c\/i\u003e 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.1.2 Energy Storage\u003c\/i\u003e 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Impact of DG on Power Losses in Distribution Networks 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Microgrids 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.3.1 Concept\u003c\/i\u003e 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.3.2 Energy Storage Applications\u003c\/i\u003e 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.3.3 Management and Control\u003c\/i\u003e 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.3.4 Power Quality and Reliability in Microgrids\u003c\/i\u003e 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Electric Motors 189\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoris Lemmens and Wim Deprez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Losses in Electric Motors 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.1.1 Power Balance and Energy Efficiency\u003c\/i\u003e 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.1.2 Loss Components Classification\u003c\/i\u003e 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.1.3 Influence Factors\u003c\/i\u003e 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Motor Efficiency Standards 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.2.1 Efficiency Classification Standards\u003c\/i\u003e 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.2.2 Efficiency Measurement Standards\u003c\/i\u003e 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.2.3 Future Standard for Variable Speed Drives\u003c\/i\u003e 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 High Efficiency Motor Technology 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.3.1 Motor Materials\u003c\/i\u003e 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.3.2 Motor Design\u003c\/i\u003e 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.3.3 Motor Manufacturing\u003c\/i\u003e 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Lighting 229\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMircea Chindris and Antoni Sudria-Andreu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Energy and Lighting Systems 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.1.1 Energy Consumption in Lighting Systems\u003c\/i\u003e 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.1.2 Energy Efficiency in Lighting Systems\u003c\/i\u003e 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Regulations 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Technological Advances in Lighting Systems 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.3.1 Efficient Light Sources\u003c\/i\u003e 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.3.2 Efficient Ballasts\u003c\/i\u003e 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.3.3 Efficient Luminaries\u003c\/i\u003e 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Energy Efficiency in Indoor Lighting Systems 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.4.1 Policy Actions to Support Energy Efficiency\u003c\/i\u003e 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.4.2 Retrofit or Redesign?\u003c\/i\u003e 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.4.3 Lighting Controls\u003c\/i\u003e 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.4.4 Daylighting\u003c\/i\u003e 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Energy Efficiency in Outdoor Lighting Systems 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.5.1 Efficient Lamps and Luminaires\u003c\/i\u003e 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.5.2 Outdoor Lighting Controls\u003c\/i\u003e 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Maintenance of Lighting Systems 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Electrical Drives and Power Electronics 263\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDaniel Montesinos-Miracle, Joan Bergas-Jan´e and Edris Pouresmaeil\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Control Methods for Induction Motors and PMSM 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.1.1 V\/f Control\u003c\/i\u003e 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.1.2 Vector Control\u003c\/i\u003e 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.1.3 DTC\u003c\/i\u003e 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Energy Optimal Control Methods 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.2.1 Converter Losses\u003c\/i\u003e 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.2.2 Motor Losses\u003c\/i\u003e 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.2.3 Energy Optimal Control Strategies\u003c\/i\u003e 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Topology of the Variable Speed Drive 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.3.1 Input Stage\u003c\/i\u003e 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.3.2 DC Bus\u003c\/i\u003e 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.3.3 The Inverter\u003c\/i\u003e 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 New Trends on Power Semiconductors 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.4.1 Modulation Techniques\u003c\/i\u003e 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.4.2 Review of Different Modulation Methods\u003c\/i\u003e 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Industrial Heating Processes 295\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMircea Chindris and Andreas Sumper\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 General Aspects Regarding Electroheating in Industry 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Main Electroheating Technologies 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e10.2.1 Resistance Heating\u003c\/i\u003e 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e10.2.2 Infrared Heating\u003c\/i\u003e 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e10.2.3 Induction Heating\u003c\/i\u003e 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e10.2.4 Dielectric Heating\u003c\/i\u003e 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e10.2.5 Arc Furnaces\u003c\/i\u003e 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Specific Aspects Regarding the Increase of Energy Efficiency in Industrial Heating Processes 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e10.3.1 Replacement of Traditional Heating Technologies\u003c\/i\u003e 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e10.3.2 Selection of the Most Suitable Electrotechnology\u003c\/i\u003e 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e10.3.3 Increasing the Efficiency of the Existing Electroheating Equipment\u003c\/i\u003e 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Heat, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 335\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRoberto Villafafila-Robles and Jaume Salom\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Basic Concepts 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Environmental Thermal Comfort 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 HVAC Systems 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.3.1 Energy Conversion\u003c\/i\u003e 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.3.2 Energy Balance\u003c\/i\u003e 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.3.3 Energy Efficiency\u003c\/i\u003e 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Energy Measures in HVAC Systems 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.4.1 Final Service\u003c\/i\u003e 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.4.2 Passive Methods\u003c\/i\u003e 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.4.3 Conversion Device\u003c\/i\u003e 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.4.4 Energy Sources\u003c\/i\u003e 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Data Centres 357\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAngelo Baggini and Franco Bua\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Standards 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Consumption Profile 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e12.2.1 Energy Performance Index\u003c\/i\u003e 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 IT Infrastructure and Equipment 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e12.3.1 Blade Server\u003c\/i\u003e 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e12.3.2 Storage\u003c\/i\u003e 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e12.3.3 Network Equipment\u003c\/i\u003e 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e12.3.4 Consolidation\u003c\/i\u003e 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e12.3.5 Virtualization\u003c\/i\u003e 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e12.3.6 Software\u003c\/i\u003e 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Facility Infrastructure 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e12.4.1 Electrical Infrastructure\u003c\/i\u003e 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e12.4.2 HVAC Infrastructure\u003c\/i\u003e 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 DG and CHP for Data Centres 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Organizing for Energy Efficiency 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Reactive Power Compensation 371\u003cbr\u003e |\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eZbigniew Hanzelka, Waldemar Szpyra, Andrei Cziker and Krzysztof Piatek\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Reactive Power Compensation in an Electric Utility Network 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.1.1 Economic Efficiency of Reactive Power Compensation\u003c\/i\u003e 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Reactive Power Compensation in an Industrial Network 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.2.1 Linear Loads\u003c\/i\u003e 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.2.2 Group Compensation\u003c\/i\u003e 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.2.3 Nonlinear Loads\u003c\/i\u003e 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Var Compensation 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.3.1 A Synchronous Condenser\u003c\/i\u003e 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.3.2 Capacitor Banks\u003c\/i\u003e 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.3.3 Power Electronic Compensators\/Stabilizers\u003c\/i\u003e 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndex\u003c\/b\u003e 399\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402471842135,"sku":"9780470975510","price":84.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470975510.jpg?v=1730480505","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/electrical-energy-efficiency-9780470975510","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}