{"product_id":"ecosystem-dynamics-9781119970774","title":"Ecosystem Dynamics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEcosystem Dynamics focuses on long-term terrestrial ecosystems and their changing relationships with human societies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e“Personal anecdotes enliven the writing and add a human touch; for graduate students, these will serve as important reminders that there is much to learn outside the laboratory.”  (\u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 February 2015)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the companion website xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Where Are We and How Did We Arrive Here? 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Why this book? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Ecosystems in crisis 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Relevance of the past 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Forecasting the future 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Chapter details and logic 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 For whom is the book intended? 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Four key questions and the links to policy 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Modelling 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 How did these models develop? 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Climate data, climate and earth system models 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Background ecosystem, vegetation and species models 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Vegetation models 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Species-level modelling 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Equilibrium physiologically-based modelling of species 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Statistical equilibrium modelling of species 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Some uncertainties and assumptions that apply generally to bioclimatic models 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Models of intermediate complexity 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.7 Biogeochemistry integrated into equilibrium biome models 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8 Integrating biome and NPP models 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Dynamic modelling 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Local to landscape scales: forest gap modelling 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Regional to global scales: dynamic global vegetation modelling 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Integrating models 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Earth system models 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Integrated assessment models 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Agent-based models 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Further reading 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Data 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Which data are relevant? 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Ecosystem dynamics: direct observation 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Phenology 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Biological monitoring 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Ecosystem dynamics: indirect measurement or proxy data 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Historical ecology 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Palaeoecology 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Pollen analysis 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Charcoal and fire scars 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Drivers of ecosystem dynamics 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Palaeoclimates and greenhouse gases 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Human impact on ecosystem dynamics 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Databases 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Gaps in available data and approaches 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Climate Change and Millennial Ecosystem Dynamics: A Complex Relationship 73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Reconstructing climate from biological data 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 The very long records of vegetation dynamics 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Holocene records 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Modelling of Holocene vegetation dynamics to help understand pollen data 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Climate or people? The Tilia–Fagus transition in Draved Forest, Denmark 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Climate or migration biology? The late-Holocene spread of Picea into southern Fennoscandia 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Fagus in Europe 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Simulating Fennoscandian Holocene forest dynamics 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Holocene dynamics of the Sahara 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Climate and megafaunal extinction 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Recent range shifts 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 So how important is climate change for future millennial ecosystem dynamics? 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Role of Episodic Events in Millennial Ecosystem Dynamics: Where the Wild Strawberries Grow 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Fire 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Past to present fire 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Present to future fire 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Modelling fire 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Modelling ignition 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.5 Modelling fire spread 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.6 Data–model comparison 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Forest pathogens during the Holocene 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Hurricanes and wind damage 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Conclusion 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Impact of Past and Future Human Exploitation on Terrestrial Ecosystem Dynamics 141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Denmark: case study of human impact during the Holocene 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Islands: sensitive indicators of human impact 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Human influence on Mediterranean, temperate and boreal forests 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 The tropics 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Spatial upscaling of the timing and ecosystem consequences of human impact 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Millennial Ecosystem Dynamics and Their Relationship to Ecosystem Services: Past and Future 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 MEA classification 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Provisioning services 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Regulating services 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Cultural services 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Supporting services 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 The current crisis in ecosystem services 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 How did we get here? A palaeo perspective 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Provisioning services in the past 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Regulating services in the past 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Cultural services in the past 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Supporting services in the past 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Ecosystem services and the future 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Relating the maintenance of biodiversity to ecosystem service provision 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Scenarios of possible futures: some different approaches 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 IPCC Special report on emission scenarios 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 MEA scenarios 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 ALARM scenarios 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 So what do scenarios say about the possible futures for ecosystem services? 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 MEA scenarios 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 SRES scenarios 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 ALARM scenarios 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Cultural Ecosystem Services 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Sacred sites and species 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Some examples from around the globe 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Cultural landscapes: biodiverse relicts of former land use systems 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Hunting as a cultural ecosystem service 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Conservation 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Conservation as we know it 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Knowledge of the past: relevance for conservation 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Fire history, conservation and ecosystem restoration 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Ecosystem restoration 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 The wood pasture debate 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Reference states or baselines? 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Conservation in practice: protected areas (Natura 2000) 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Conservation and alien or invasive species 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Alien species, climate change and conservation 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Global change, biodiversity and conservation in the future 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 The Convention on biological diversity 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Atlas of biodiversity risk 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Conclusion 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Where Are We Headed? 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Emergent themes and important underlying concepts 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 How have ecosystems changed in the past? 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 How much of this change is attributable to human activities? 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 How much change is anticipated for the future? 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 What are the appropriate ecosystem management measures by which to prepare for the future? 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 311\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866426618199,"sku":"9781119970774","price":46.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119970774.jpg?v=1722278592","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/ecosystem-dynamics-9781119970774","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}