{"product_id":"ecoacoustics-9781119230694","title":"Ecoacoustics","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe sounds produced by geophonic, biophonic and technophonic sources are relevant to the function of natural and human modified ecosystems. Passive recording is one of the most non-invasive technologies as its use avoids human intrusion during acoustic surveys and facilitates the accumulation of huge amounts of acoustical data.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor the first time, this book collates and reviews the science behind ecoaucostics; illustrating the principles, methods and applications of this exciting new field. Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include;\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ethe assessment of biodiversity based on sounds emanating from a variety of environments\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ethe best technologies and methods necessary to investigate environmental sounds\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eimplications for climate change and urban systems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ethe relationship between landscape ecology and ecoacoustics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ethe conservation of soundscapes and the social value of ecoacoustics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eareas of potential future research.\u0026lt;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Ecoacoustics: A New Science 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlmo Farina and Stuart H. Gage\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Ecoacoustics as a New Science 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Characteristics of a Sound 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Sound and its Importance 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Ecoacoustics and Digital Sensors 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Ecoacoustics Attributes 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Population Census 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Biological Diversity 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Habitat Health 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4 Time of Arrival\/Departure of Migratory Species 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.5 Diurnal Change 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.6 Seasonal Change 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.7 Competition for Frequency 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.8 Trophic Interactions 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.9 Disturbance 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.10 Sounds of the Landscape and People 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Ecoacoustics and Ecosystem Management 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Quantification of a Sound 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Species Identification 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Acoustic Indices 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Archiving Ecoacoustics Recordings 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Ecological Forecasting 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Duality of Sounds: Ambient and Communication 13\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlmo Farina and Stuart H. Gage\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Vegetation and Ecoacoustics 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Vegetation Quality and Ecoacoustics 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Soundscape Indices and Biodiversity 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Applications of Remote Sensing of Vegetation and Ecoacoustics 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Acoustic Resources, Umwelten, and Eco-fields 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Sounds as Biological Codes 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Sound as a Compass for Navigation 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Geophonies from Sacred Sites – How to Incorporate Archeoacoustics into Ecoacoustics 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 The Characteristics of Geophonies 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Geophonies and Sacred Sites 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Human Versus Other Animals’ Perception of Sound: The Role of Archeoacoustics 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Role of Sound in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Three Case Examples from Michigan, USA 31\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eStuart H. Gage and Almo Farina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 C1 Visualization of the Soundscape at Ted Black Woods, Okemos, Michigan during May 2016 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 C1 Background 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 C1 Objectives 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 C1 Methods 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3.1 C1 Soundscape Metrics 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3.2 C1 Weather Factors Affecting Sounds 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 C1 Results 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.1 C1 Patterns of Soundscape Power for Six Frequency Intervals 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.2 C1 Patterns of Soundscape Indices 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.3 C1 Wind Patterns During May 2016 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.4 C1 Rain Patterns During May 2016 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.5 C1 Spectrogram Patterns 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 C1 Discussion 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 C2 Implications for Climate Change – Detecting First Call of the Spring Peeper 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 C2 Background 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 C2 Methods 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 C2 Results 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 C2 Discussion 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 C3 Disturbance in Terrestrial Systems: Tree Harvest Impacts on the Soundscape 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 C3 Background 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 C3 Methods 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 C3 Results 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.1 C3 Changes in the Soundscape 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.2 C3 Statistical Influence of Forest Harvest 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 C3 Discussion 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Role of Sound in the Aquatic Environment 61\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrancesco Filiciotto and Giuseppa Buscaino\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Overview on Underwater Sound Propagation 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Sound Speed in the Sea 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Transmission Loss 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Deep and Shallow Sound Channel and Animal Communication 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Sound Emissions and their Ecological Role in Marine Vertebrates and Invertebrates 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Marine Mammals 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Fish 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Crustaceans 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Impacts of Anthropogenic Noise in Aquatic Environments 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Main Anthropogenic Sources of Noise in the Sea 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 The Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Marine Organisms 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.1 Acoustic Masking and Damage to Hearing System of Marine Organisms 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.2 Biochemical Impacts and Stress Responses 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.3 Behavior Alterations 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Acoustic Chorus and its Ecological Significance 81\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlmo Farina and Maria Ceraulo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Time of Chorus 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 The Chorus Hypothesis 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Choruses in Birds 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Choruses in Amphibians 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Choruses in the Marine Environment 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Conclusions and Discussion 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Ecological Effects of Noise on Species and Communities 95\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlmo Farina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 The Nature of Noise 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Natural Sources of Noise 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Anthropogenic Sources of Noise 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Effects of Noise on the Animal World 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 How Animals Neutralize the Effect of Noise 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Changing Amplitude 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Changing Frequency 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Changing Signal Redundancy 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4 Changing Behavior 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Noise in Marine and Freshwater Systems 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Conclusions 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Biodiversity Assessment in Temperate Biomes using Ecoacoustics 109\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlmo Farina and Nadia Pieretti\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Sound as Proxy for Biodiversity 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Methods and Application of Ecoacoustics 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Acoustic Communities as a Proxy for Biodiversity 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Problems and Open Questions 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Ecoacoustic Events: Concepts and Procedures 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Conclusion 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Biodiversity Assessment in Tropical Biomes using Ecoacoustics: Linking Soundscape to Forest Structure in a Human-dominated Tropical Dry Forest in Southern Madagascar 129\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLyndsay Rankin and Anne C. Axel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Methods 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Study Area 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Forest Sampling 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Soundscape Survey 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Acoustic Index 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Mixed Model Analysis 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Results 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Acoustic Index by Season 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Mixed Model Analyses 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Discussion 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Biodiversity Assessment and Environmental Monitoring in Freshwater and Marine Biomes using Ecoacoustics 145\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDenise Risch and Susan E. Parks\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Freshwater Habitats 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Rivers 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1.1 Remote Monitoring of Biotic Signals in the Environment 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1.2 Remote Monitoring of the Environment Using Sound in River Habitats 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1.3 Anthropogenic Sources of Noise in River Systems 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Lakes and Ponds 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.1 Remote Monitoring of Biotic Signals in the Environment 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.2 Remote Monitoring of the Environment Using Sound in Lakes and Ponds 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.3 Anthropogenic Sources of Noise in Lakes and Ponds 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Marine Neritic Habitats 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Estuaries and Coastal Habitats 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1.1 Remote Monitoring of Biotic Signals in the Environment 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1.2 Remote Monitoring of the Environment Using Sound in Estuarine and Coastal Habitats 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1.3 Anthropogenic Sources of Noise in Estuarine and Coastal Habitats 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Coral Reefs 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.1 Remote Monitoring of Biotic Signals in the Environment 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.2 Remote Monitoring of the Environment Using Sound in Coral Reef Environments 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.3 Anthropogenic Sources of Noise in Coral Reef Environments 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Marine Oceanic Habitats 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Open Ocean and Deep Sea Habitats 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1.1 Remote Monitoring of Biotic Signals in the Environment 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1.2 Remote Monitoring of the Environment Using Sound in the Open Ocean 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1.3 Anthropogenic Sources of Noise in the Open Ocean 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Polar Oceans 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2.1 Remote Monitoring of Biotic Signals in the Environment 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2.2 Remote Monitoring of the Environment with Sound in Polar Regions 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2.3 Anthropogenic Sources of Noise in the Polar Regions 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Summary and Future Directions 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Integrating Biophony into Biodiversity Measurement and Assessment 169\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBrian Michael Napoletano\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Biodiversity and its Parameterization 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Biological Information in the Soundscape 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Physiology: Sound Production and Detection 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Communication: Medium and Context 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Coordination: Evolution of the Biophony 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Adaptation: Mechanization of the Soundscape 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Ecoacoustics in Biodiversity Assessment 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Developing a Soundscape Monitoring Network 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Acoustic Data Processing and Management 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Conclusion 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Landscape Patterns and Soundscape Processes 193\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlmo Farina and Susan Fuller\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 An Introduction to Landscape Ecology (Theories and Applications) 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Patch Size, Shape, and Isolation 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Patch‐Matrix Context 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Relationship Between Landscape Ecology and Soundscape Ecology: A Semantic Approach 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 The Contribution of Landscape Ecology to the Development of Ecoacoustics 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Acoustic Heterogeneity in a Landscape Across Space and Time 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Acoustic Community and Landscape Mosaics 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Ecoacoustics in a Changing Landscape 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Conclusion 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Connecting Soundscapes to Landscapes: Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Sound 211\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTimothy C. Mullet\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Conceptualizing Soundscapes in Space and Time 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Capturing Soundscapes in Space and Time 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Sound Metrics and Interpreting Nature 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 A Soundscape Metric for Modeling 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Discriminating the Components of a Soundscape 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Generating a Predictive Soundscape Model 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Conclusion 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclaimer 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Soil Acoustics 225\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarisol A. Quintanilla‐Tornel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Soil Insect Acoustics 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Compost Activating Agent Acoustics 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Soil Aggregate Slaking Acoustics 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Conclusion 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Fundamentals of Soundscape Conservation 235\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGianni Pavan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Nature Sounds in Science and Education 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 The Role of Sound Libraries 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Noise Pollution, the Acoustic Habitat, and the Biology of Disturbance 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Soundscapes, Nature Conservation, and Public Awareness 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Marine Soundscapes 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.1 Ship Noise 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Conclusion 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.1 Terrestrial Soundscapes 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.2 Marine and Aquatic Soundscapes 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Urban Acoustics: Heartbeat of Lansing, Michigan, USA 259\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eStuart H. Gage and Wooyeong Joo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Objectives 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Methods 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Sampling Design 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Recording at Sample Sites 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Data Conversion 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Data Processing 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Results 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 The NDSI 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 The H, ADI, AEI, ACI, and BIO Indices 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Discussion and Conclusions 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Analytical Methods in Ecoacoustics 273\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eStuart H. Gage, Michael Towsey and Eric P. Kasten\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Components of an Acoustic Recording 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Visualization of an Acoustic Recording 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Frequency Analysis 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Three‐Dimensional Spectrogram 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Processing Multiple Recordings 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Analyzing Acoustic Time Series 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Time Series of Acoustic Indices 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Searching and Symbolic Methods 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.1 Searching a Recording for Anomalies 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.2 Symbolic Representations and Unsupervised Learning 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Visualization and Navigation of Long‐Duration Recordings 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Spectrogram Pyramids 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.1 Diel Plots 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 New Approaches to Analysis 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11 Web Platforms for the Visualization of Environmental Audio 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Ecoacoustics and its Expression through the Voice of the Arts: An Essay 297\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid Monacchi and Bernie Krause\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Immersive Art as a Science Dissemination Tool 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Examples of Ecoacoustic Works by Bernie Krause 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Examples of Ecoacoustics Works by David Monacchi 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.1 Designing Temples for the Ear: The Ecoacoustic Theater 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.2 Soundscape Projection Ambisonics Control Engine (S.P.A.C.E.) 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Conclusion 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Ecoacoustics Challenges 313\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eStuart H. Gage and Almo Farina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Philosophical Issues 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Ecological Issues 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Sensor Technology 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Acoustic Computations and Modeling 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Public Information 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Monetary Issues 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 321\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407014666583,"sku":"9781119230694","price":98.96,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119230694.jpg?v=1730497880","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/ecoacoustics-9781119230694","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}