{"product_id":"dictatorships-in-twenty-first-century-latin-america-venezuela-bolivia-nicaragua-ecuador-and-el-salvador-9781538171080","title":"Dictatorships in Twenty-First-Century Latin","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten by former President of Ecuador Osvaldo Hurtado, Dictatorships in Twenty-First-Century Latin America explores the most important Latin American political phenomenon to emerge in the first two decades of the twenty-first century: democratic governments elected by citizens have become autocratic governments through the manipulation of the constitutional order and the legislative and judicial functions. Unlike traditional Latin American dictatorships, those of the twenty-first century have not been established by the military but by civilian politicians who were voted into power by the people to govern their countries subject to the provisions of the constitution and the law. Once the leaders assumed the presidency, however, they ignored the constitution under which they were elected and replaced it with one tailored to their political ambitions, using the broad powers assigned to them to remain in power indefinitely. This is what Presidents Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela, Evo Morales in Bolivia, Rafael Correa in Ecuador, Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua, and Nayib Bukele in El Salvador have all done. Hurtado explains the paradox of this new Latin American authoritarian trend occurring when, for the first time in the history of the subcontinent, democratic institutions governed in all countries, with the sole exception of Cuba.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs a politician, former president of Ecuador, and an active and lucid observer of the ways in which democracy is being undermined, Osvaldo Hurtado has acquired a unique and invaluable perspective on the onslaught against democracy. In these pages, President Hurtado offers a well-documented and alarming synthesis of the state of democracy in Latin America. A must-read.\u003c\/p\u003e -- Moisés Naím, distinguished fellow, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and author of The Revenge of Power: How Autocrats Are Reinventing Politics for the 21st Century\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study of Bolivia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Venezuela illuminates how democratic breakdowns and autocratic impositions occurred in these nations. Osvaldo Hurtado, a former president of Ecuador, was among the first to understand and oppose these populist regimes and to identify their shared tendencies and techniques. He shows how democratic governance decayed and why that matters for its future.\u003c\/p\u003e -- Abraham F. Lowenthal, emeritus, University of Southern California; founding director, the Inter-American Dialogue and the Latin American Program of the Wilson Center\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eForm and function, style and content merge in elegant harmony in this English rendering of Osvaldo Hurtado’s seminal work. The subject matter is profoundly serious, and the reader can expect to be dazzled by the sheer brilliance of the analysis, which is matched by a degree of academic objectivity that is remarkable in one who spent fifty years fighting the evils of dictatorship and promoting, defending, and implementing the principles of democracy in his own country and throughout Latin America. This book is a cry of warning and a call to arms. A warning against the disastrous mistakes of the past and a call to all to be vigilant against future threats to the freedoms that only democracy can bring.\u003c\/p\u003e -- Nick Mills, former director, University of New Mexico Andean Study and Research Center, Quito, Ecuador\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is a luxury to have a whole book on Ecuadorian and Latin American politics by one of the most respected authors in the field of language. Former President Hurtado possesses the intelligence, the language, and the academic instruments to achieve what he sets out to do.\u003c\/p\u003e -- Carlos Alberto Montaner, Cuban journalist, writer, and politician\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePART I: NEW FORMS OF DICTATORSHIP \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 1: The Concept of Democracy \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 2: From Military Dictatorships to Civilian Dictatorships \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 3: Dictatorships of the Twenty-First Century \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 4: The Governments of Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 5: The Government of Evo Morales \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 6: The Government of Daniel Ortega \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 7: The Government of Nayib Bukele \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePART II: THE GOVERNMENT OF RAFAEL CORREA \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 8: The Correa-Tailored Constitution of 2008 \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 9: The Process of Concentrating Power \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 10: The Ruse of Citizen Participation \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePART III: DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS IN AN AUTOCRATIC REGIME\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 11: The Rule of Law \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 12: The Division of Power \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 13: The Independence of the Justice System \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 14: Freedoms, Guarantees, and Rights \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 15: Government Transparency \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 16: Political Pluralism \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 17: Alternation in Power \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 18: Free Elections \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePART IV: PERSPECTIVES ON AUTHORITARIANISM \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 19: The International Community \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 20: Causes of the Dictatorial Drift \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 21: The Arduous Path of Democracy \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Author \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Rowman \u0026 Littlefield","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51041236943191,"sku":"9781538171080","price":31.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/dictatorships-in-twenty-first-century-latin-america-venezuela-bolivia-nicaragua-ecuador-and-el-salvador-9781538171080","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}