{"product_id":"developments-in-electrochemistry-9781118694435","title":"Developments in Electrochemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eMartin Fleischmann was truly one of the fathers' of modern electrochemistry having made major contributions to diverse topics within electrochemical science and technology. These include the theory and practice of voltammetry and \u003ci\u003ein situ\u003c\/i\u003e spectroscopic techniques, instrumentation, electrochemical phase formation, corrosion, electrochemical engineering, electrosynthesis and cold fusion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile intended to honour the memory of Martin Fleischmann, \u003ci\u003eDevelopments in Electrochemistry\u003c\/i\u003e is neither a biography nor a history of his contributions. Rather,the bookis a series of critical reviews of topics in electrochemical science associated with Martin Fleischmann but remaining important today.The authors are all scientists with outstanding international reputations who have made their own contribution to their topic; most have also worked with Martin Fleischmann and benefitted from his guidance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEach of the 19 chapters within this volume begin with an outline of Martin\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“The high quality chapters presented in this volume contribute greatly to achieving the editors’ goal.”  (\u003ci\u003eChromatographia\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 May 2015)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Martin Fleischmann – The Scientist and the Person 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 A Critical Review of the Methods Available for Quantitative Evaluation of Electrode Kinetics at Stationary Macrodisk Electrodes 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAlan M. Bond, Elena A. Mashkina and Alexandr N. Simonov\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 DC Cyclic Voltammetry 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Principles 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Processing DC Cyclic Voltammetric Data 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Semiintegration 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 AC Voltammetry 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Advanced Methods of Theory–Experiment Comparison 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Experimental Studies 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Reduction of [Ru(NH3)6]3+ in an Aqueous Medium 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Oxidation of FeII(C5H5)2 in an Aprotic Solvent 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Reduction of [Fe(CN)6]3− in an Aqueous Electrolyte 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conclusions and Outlook 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Electrocrystallization: Modeling and Its Application 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMorteza Y. Abyaneh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Modeling Electrocrystallization Processes 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Applications of Models 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 The Deposition of Lead Dioxide 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 The Electrocrystallization of Cobalt 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Summary and Conclusions 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Nucleation and Growth of New Phases on Electrode Surfaces 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBenjamin R. Scharifker and Jorge Mostany\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 An Overview of Martin Fleischmann’s Contributions to Electrochemical Nucleation Studies 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Electrochemical Nucleation with Diffusion-Controlled Growth 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Mathematical Modeling of Nucleation and Growth Processes 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 The Nature of Active Sites 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Induction Times and the Onset of Electrochemical Phase Formation Processes 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Conclusion 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Organic Electrosynthesis 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDerek Pletcher\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Indirect Electrolysis 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Intermediates for Families of Reactions 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Selective Fluorination 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Two-Phase Electrolysis 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Electrode Materials 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Towards Pharmaceutical Products 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Future Prospects 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Electrochemical Engineering and Cell Design 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eFrank C. Walsh and Derek Pletcher\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Principles of Electrochemical Reactor Design 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Cell Potential 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 The Rate of Chemical Change 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Decisions During the Process of Cell Design 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Strategic Decisions 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Divided and Undivided Cells 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Monopolar and Bipolar Electrical Connections to Electrodes 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Scaling the Cell Current 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Porous 3D Electrode Structures 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 Interelectrode Gap 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 The Influence of Electrochemical Engineering on the Chlor-Alkali Industry 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Parallel Plate Cells 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Redox Flow Batteries 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Rotating Cylinder Electrode Cells 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Conclusions 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC-SERS): Early History, Principles, Methods, and Experiments 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eZhong-Qun Tian and Xue-Min Zhang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Early History of Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Principles and Methods of SERS 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Electromagnetic Enhancement of SERS 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Key Factors Influencing SERS 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 “Borrowing SERS Activity” Methods 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Features of EC-SERS 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Electrochemical Double Layer of EC-SERS Systems 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Electrolyte Solutions and Solvent Dependency 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 EC-SERS Experiments 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Measurement Procedures for EC-SERS 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Experimental Set-Up for EC-SERS 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Preparation of SERS Substrates 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Applications of Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC-SERS) 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMarco Musiani, Jun-Yang Liu and Zhong-Qun Tian\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Pyridine Adsorption on Different Metal Surfaces 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Interfacial Water on Different Metals 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Coadsorption of Thiourea with Inorganic Anions 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Electroplating Additives 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Inhibition of Copper Corrosion 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Extension of SERS to the Corrosion of Fe and Its Alloys: Passivity 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Fe-on-Ag 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Ag-on-Fe 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 SERS of Corrosion Inhibitors on Bare Transition Metal Electrodes 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Lithium Batteries 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Intermediates of Electrocatalysis 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 In-Situ Scanning Probe Microscopies: Imaging and Beyond 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBing-Wei Mao\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Principle of In-Situ STM and In-Situ AFM 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Principle of In-Situ STM 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Principle of In-Situ AFM 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 In-Situ STM Characterization of Surface Electrochemical Processes 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 In-Situ STM Study of Electrode–Aqueous Solution Interfaces 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 In-Situ STM Study of Electrode–Ionic Liquid Interface 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 In-Situ AFM Probing of Electric Double Layer 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Electrochemical STM Break-Junction for Surface Nanostructuring and Nanoelectronics and Molecular Electronics 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Outlook 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 In-Situ Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Studies of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRichard J. Nichols\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 The H+\/H2 Couple 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Single-Crystal Surfaces 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Subtractively Normalized Interfacial Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Surface-Enhanced IR Absorption Spectroscopy 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 In-Situ Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Spectroscopy at Single-Crystal Surfaces 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Overall Conclusions 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Electrochemical Noise: A Powerful General Tool 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eClaude Gabrielli and David E. Williams\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Instrumentation 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Applications 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Elementary Phenomena 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Bioelectrochemistry 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Electrocrystallization 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Corrosion 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Other Systems 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Conclusions 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 From Microelectrodes to Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSalvatore Daniele and Guy Denuault\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 The Contribution of Microelectrodes to Electroanalytical Chemistry 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Advantages of Microelectrodes in Electroanalysis 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Microelectrodes and Electrode Materials 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 New Applications of Microelectrodes in Electroanalysis 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 A Brief History of SECM 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 SECM with Other Techniques 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Tip Geometries and the Need for Numerical Modeling 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Applications of SECM 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Conclusions 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Cold Fusion After A Quarter-Century: The Pd\/D System 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMelvin H. Miles and Michael C.H. McKubre\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 The Reproducibility Issue 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Palladium–Deuterium Loading 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Electrochemical Calorimetry 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Isoperibolic Calorimetric Equations and Modeling 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Calorimetric Approximations 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Numerical Integration of Calorimetric Data 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Examples of Fleischmann’s Calorimetric Applications 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Reported Reaction Products for the Pd\/D System 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8.1 Helium-4 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8.2 Tritium 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8.3 Neutrons, X-Rays, and Transmutations 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Present Status of Cold Fusion 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 In-Situ X-Ray Diffraction of Electrode Surface Structure 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAndrea E. Russell, Stephen W.T. Price and Stephen J. Thompson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Early Work 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Synchrotron-Based In-Situ XRD 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Studies Inspired by Martin Fleischmann’s Work 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Structure of Water at the Interface 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Adsorption of Ions 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Oxide\/Hydroxide Formation 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.4 Underpotential Deposition (upd) of Monolayers 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.5 Reconstructions of Single-Crystal Surfaces 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.6 High-Surface-Area Electrode Structures 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Conclusions 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Tribocorrosion 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRobert J.K. Wood\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction and Definitions 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.1 Tribocorrosion 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.2 Erosion 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Particle–Surface Interactions 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Depassivation and Repassivation Kinetics 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Depassivation 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Repassivation Rate 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Models and Mapping 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Electrochemical Monitoring of Erosion–Corrosion 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Tribocorrosion within the Body: Metal-on-Metal Hip Joints 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Conclusions 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Hard Science at Soft Interfaces 295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eHubert H. Girault\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Charge Transfer Reactions at Soft Interfaces 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.1 Ion Transfer Reactions 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.2 Assisted Ion Transfer Reactions 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.3 Electron Transfer Reactions 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Electrocatalysis at Soft Interfaces 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Micro- and Nano-Soft Interfaces 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Plasmonics at Soft Interfaces 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Conclusions and Future Developments 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Electrochemistry in Unusual Fluids 309\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003ePhilip N. Bartlett\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Electrochemistry in Plasmas 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Electrochemistry in Supercritical Fluids 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Applications of SCF Electrochemistry 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Conclusions 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Aspects of Light-Driven Water Splitting 331\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLaurence Peter\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 A Very Brief History of Semiconductor Electrochemistry 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Criteria for Light-Driven Water Splitting 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Kinetics of Minority Carrier Reactions at Semiconductor Electrodes 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 The Importance of Electron–Hole Recombination 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Fermi Level Splitting in the Semiconductor–Electrolyte Junction 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 A Simple Model for Light-Driven Water-Splitting Reaction 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Evidence for Slow Electron Transfer During Light-Driven Water Splitting 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Conclusions 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 349\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSamin Sharifi-Asl and Digby D. Macdonald\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Theory 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 The Point Defect Model 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.1 Calculation of Y0F 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.2 Calculation of ΔC0 i ΔU 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.3 Calculation of ΔCL v ΔU 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 The Passivation of Copper in Sulfide-Containing Brine 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Summary and Conclusions 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 367\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49528835014999,"sku":"9781118694435","price":79.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118694435.jpg?v=1731873207","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/developments-in-electrochemistry-9781118694435","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}