{"product_id":"critical-thinking-concise-edition-9781554812677","title":"Critical Thinking: Concise Edition","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCritical Thinking\u003c\/em\u003e is a comprehensive introduction to the essential skills of good reasoning, refined and updated through seven editions published over more than two decades. This concise edition offers a succinct presentation of the essential elements of reasoning that retains the rigor and sophistication of the original text. The authors provide a thorough treatment of such central topics as deductive and inductive reasoning, logical fallacies, how to recognize and avoid ambiguity, and how to distinguish what is relevant from what is not. A companion website provides a range of interesting supplements, including interactive review materials, supplemental readings, and writing tips.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComments on \u003cem\u003eCritical Thinking: An Introduction to the Basic Skills\u003c\/em\u003e:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“Here is a textbook of lasting value. It is accessible without being over-simplistic. It is unsurpassed in clarity and depth. And its examples, exercises, and questions for discussion offer the student unique and exciting materials for reflection and engagement.” — Ahmad Rahmanian, University of New Brunswick\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“This textbook stands out from others for its clarity, which is due in large part to the conceptual organization of the material it covers. Rather than artificially carving out various aspects of critical thinking for individual treatment, the authors simply and carefully develop ideas, step by step. This approach makes clear how various aspects of careful, critical thinking come together, allowing students to develop their skills along the way.” — Joshua Smith, Central Michigan University\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“I have been using Hughes (now Hughes \u0026amp; Lavery) since the first edition. I have occasionally tried other texts but have yet to find one I like as much. It has all the essential materials, it’s impeccably organized, and it’s clear and accessible to our students.” — Wayne I. Henry, University of the Fraser Valley\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003eOnline Materials\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePART ONE: INTRODUCTION\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 1: Reasoning and Critical Thinking\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReasoning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Concept of Logical Strength\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTruth, Logical Strength, and Soundness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCritical Thinking Skills\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCritical Thinking and the Science of Logic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003ePART TWO: MEANING\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 2: Meaning and Definition\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Complexity of Language\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Meaning of Language\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Reference Theory of Meaning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Idea Theory of Meaning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeaning as Use\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Main Functions of Language\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefinition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Purposes of Definition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReportive Definitions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStipulative Definitions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEssentialist Definitions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethods of Definition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenus-Species Method\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOstensive Method\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSynonym Method\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperational Method\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContextual Method\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssessing Reportive Definitions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eToo Broad a Definition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eToo Narrow a Definition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eToo Broad and Too Narrow a Definition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCircular Definition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eObscure Definition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssessing Stipulative and Essentialist Definitions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA Warning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 3\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 3: Clarifying Meaning\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Principle of Charity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLinguistic Ambiguity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmbiguity and Vagueness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferential Ambiguity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrammatical Ambiguity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse and Mention\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalytic, Contradictory, and Synthetic Statements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 5\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDescriptive and Evaluative Meaning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 6\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNecessary and Sufficient Conditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 7\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 4: Reconstructing Arguments\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconstruction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMissing Premises and Conclusions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 8\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecial Cases\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReports of Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplanations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 9\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Structure of Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimple Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eT Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eV Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComplex Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 10\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnother Warning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003ePART THREE: ASSESSING ARGUMENTS\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 5: Strategies for Assessing Arguments\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Fallacies Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Criterial Approach\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe Three Criteria of a Sound Argument\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeven Rules for Assessing Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRule 1. Identify the Main Conclusion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRule 2. Identify the Premises\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRule 3. Identify the Structure of the Argument\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRule 4. Check the Acceptability of the Premises\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRule 5. Check the Relevance of the Premises\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRule 6. Check the Adequacy of the Premises\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRule 7. Look for Counter-Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 6: Assessing Truth-Claims\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheories of Truth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Correspondence Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Coherence Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Pragmatic Theory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypes of Truth-Claims\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmpirical Truth-Claims\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-Empirical Truth-Claims\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcceptability\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 11\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssessing the Acceptability of Premises\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSome Particular Fallacies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBegging the Question\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInconsistency\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEquivocation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFalse Dichotomy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 12\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 7: Assessing Relevance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Criterion of Relevance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecognizing Irrelevant Premises\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppeals to Authority (1)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSome Particular Fallacies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAd Hominem\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTu Quoque\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStraw Man\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 13\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 8: Assessing Adequacy\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Criterion of Adequacy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppeals to Authority (2)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppeals to Anecdotal Evidence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppeals to Ignorance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Slippery Slope Fallacy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCausal Fallacies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePost Hoc\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfusing Cause and Effect\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommon Cause\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 14\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 9: Deductive Reasoning\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Nature of Deductive Reasoning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTruth-Functional Statements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormal Validity and Soundness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eValid Argument Forms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormal Invalidity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 15\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 10: Inductive Reasoning\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Nature of Inductive Reasoning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInductive Generalization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStatistical Syllogism\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInduction by Confirmation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnalogical Reasoning\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 16\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 11: Arguing Back\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplaining the Weakness\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCounter-Examples\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbsurd Examples\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCounter-Arguments\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 17\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 12: Irrational Techniques of Persuasion\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoaded Terms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVague Terms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLoaded Questions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFalse Confidence\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMisleading Statistics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHumor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRed Herring\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGuilt by Association\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePersuasive Redefinition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-Test No. 18\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuestions for Discussion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Answers to Self-Tests\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlossary\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndex\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Broadview Press Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51041312014679,"sku":"9781554812677","price":35.1,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781554812677.jpg?v=1750949768","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/critical-thinking-concise-edition-9781554812677","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}