{"product_id":"crime-of-numbers-9781412811002","title":"Crime of Numbers","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistics have played an important role in the recognition of the Armenian question on the international landscape as well as its definitive solution resulting in the Armenian genocide. The importance of statistics first surfaced at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, where differences in the approach toward numbers between the Armenian and the Ottoman Empire, and the role of statistics within the Ottoman state apparatus, became an issue. At that international gathering, the Armenian question was considered part of the Eastern Question paradigm of Western diplomacy. It would soon become a code word for the question of civilization itself.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThose administering the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire perceived the Armenian issue not only through ethnic and religious perspectives, but also through statistics. As Dundar shows, statistics became the vehicle through which the Ottoman state apparatus was forced to include non-Muslim populations of the Empire in the state apparatuses and local co\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations\u003cbr\u003ePreface\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003e1 Diplomacy and Statistics: The Emergence of the Armenian Question (1878-1913)\u003cbr\u003eFirst Period: The Congress of Berlin and the Emergence of the Armenian Question, 1878\u003cbr\u003eSecond Period: The 1895 Memorandum\u003cbr\u003eThird Period: \"Vilayat-i arkiyye Islahat,\" Reform of the Oriental Provinces, in 1914\u003cbr\u003e2 War, Massacre, and Statistics (1914-1918): The \"Definitive Solution\" of the Armenian Question\u003cbr\u003ePolitical Persecution\u003cbr\u003eDeportation, the Suez Canal Operation, and the Persecution of Deserters in Zeytun\u003cbr\u003eMassacres: The Van Resistance\/Rebellion and Further Deportations\u003cbr\u003eJuly 20, 1915: Secret Order Concerning Counting and Mapping\u003cbr\u003eDispersing Armenians according to the Principle of 2%, 5%, and 10%\u003cbr\u003ePhotographing Armenians, Covering the Massacres: The Construction of an Offi cial Ideology\u003cbr\u003e3 The Number in the Crime: Counting the Armenian Dead\u003cbr\u003e4 Some Remarks\u003cbr\u003eAppendices\u003cbr\u003eBibliography\u003cbr\u003eIndex\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49408048726359,"sku":"9781412811002","price":128.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/crime-of-numbers-9781412811002","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}