{"product_id":"corrosion-failures-9780470455647","title":"Corrosion Failures","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eProvides corrosion basics in a lucid manner to students and working professionals and over 80 corrosion-failure analysis case studies\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCorrelates Failure Analysis with Corrosion Science\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExclusively provides corrosion-related failure analysis case histories in one place in a convenient format\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOne-stop shop for both science and real time occurrence of the phenomenon of corrosion\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFull coverage of all MOC, Materials of Construction, used for process equipments\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSimple but Lucid presentation of Failure Analysis procedure\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 The Phenomenon of Corrosion 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Importance of Corrosion 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Cost of Corrosion: Direct and Indirect 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Purpose and Format of the Book 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Electrochemical Corrosion 9\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Thermodynamics 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Corrosion Reactions and Gibbs Free Energy Change 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Electrochemical Nature of Corrosion 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Summary 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Kinetics of Corrosion 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Description of a Corrosion System 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Predicting Corrosion 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Passivity 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Summary 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Corrosion Evaluation and Monitoring 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Electrochemical Techniques 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Non-electrochemical Techniques 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Forms of Corrosion 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Uniform Corrosion 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Galvanic Corrosion 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Factors Affecting Galvanic Corrosion 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Controlling Galvanic Corrosion 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Pitting Corrosion 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Pitting Process and Pitting Morphology 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Factors Affecting Pitting Corrosion 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Controlling Pitting Corrosion 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Differential Aeration-Assisted Corrosion (Crevice Under Deposit and Water-Line Corrosion) 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Characteristics of Differential Aeration Corrosion 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Factors Affecting Differential Aeration Corrosion 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Differential Aeration Corrosion Control 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Intergranular Corrosion 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 IGC of Stainless Steels 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Weld Decay of Stainless Steels 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Selective Dissolution\/Selective Attack 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Characteristics of Selective Dissolution 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Dezincification 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3 Graphitic Corrosion 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Flow-Assisted\/Erosion\/Cavitation Corrosion 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Flow-Assisted Corrosion (FAC) 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2 Erosion Corrosion 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.3 Cavitation Damage 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Stress Corrosion Cracking 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.1 Characteristics of SCC 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.2 Effect of SCC on Mechanical Properties 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.3 Factors Affecting SCC 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9.4 Controlling SCC 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Hydrogen Damage 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.1 Low Temperature Hydrogen-Induced Cracking 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10.2 High Temperature Hydrogen Damage\/Decarburization 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Stray Current Corrosion 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 High Temperature Corrosion 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.1 Oxidation 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.2 Sulfidation 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.3 Hot Corrosion 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.4 Chloridation 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.5 Carburization\/Metal Dusting 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Materials of Construction for Chemical Process Industries 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Cast Irons 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Carbon Steels 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Corrosion 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Stress Corrosion Cracking Including Hydrogen Cracking and Sulfide Stress Cracking 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Caustic Stress Corrosion Cracking 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Favorable and Unfavorable Points in Using Carbon Steel as MOC 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Low Alloy Steels 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Stainless Steels 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Ferritic\/Martensitic Stainless Steels 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Austenitic Stainless Steels 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Super Austenitic Stainless Steels 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Duplex Stainless Steels 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Nickel Base Alloys 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Copper Base Alloys 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Titanium 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Aluminum Alloys 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Nonmetallic Materials 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Ceramics\/Inorganic Oxide Glasses 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Organic Polymers\/Plastics 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Materials Selection for Corrosion Prevention in Hydrocarbon Service 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13.1 Materials Selection as per NACE MR0175 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Failure Analysis Procedure with Reference to Corrosion Failures 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Purpose of Failure Analysis Investigations 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Failure Analysis Steps 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Site Visit 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Tests on the Samples 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Analysis Interpretation and Diagnosis of the Failure 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Failure Analysis Report: Contents and Preparation 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Case Studies 119\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Preamble 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of Case Studies 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Bromine Preheater in a Pharmaceutical Fine Chemical Plant 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Structurals in a White Clay Manufacturing Plant 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 Sea Water Cooler Tubes in an Oil Refinery 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 Package Boiler Tube in an Organic Chemical Plant 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 Shell of a Packed Column for Ammonia and Water Contact in an Ammonia Processing Plant 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 Instrumentation Tube in an Offshore Platform of an Oil and Gas Plant 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 Plate Type Heat Exchanger\/Cooler in a Sulfuric Acid Plant 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 Dissimilar Stainless Steel Weld in an Organic Chemical Plant 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 Digestor Preheater in a Pulp and Paper Plant 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 Esterification Column in an Organic Chemical Plant 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 Half Pipe Limpet Coil of a Stirred Reactor in an Organic Chemical Plant 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 Firewater Lines Buried Underground in an Organic Chemical Plant 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 Alcohol Superheater in a PVC Manufacturing Petrochemical Plant 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 Package Boiler Tubes in an Alcohol Distillery Plant 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 Reducers in a Reformer Tube in an Ammonia Plant of a Fertilizer Industry 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 Pressure Safety Valve (PSV) Fitting on Instrumentation Tubes in an Off-shore Platform in an Oil and Gas Company 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 Water Drum (Mud Drum) Shell in a Coal-Fired Steam Boiler 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 Tubes in a Kettle Re-boiler of an Amine Plant 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 Evaporator Tubes in an Organic Chemical Plant 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 Top Tube Sheet Vent Equalizer Weld Zone of a Gas Cooler in a Petrochemical Plant 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 Bottom Row Tubes in a Kettle Re-boiler of an Organic Chemical Plant 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 Cages for Filter Bags in an Inorganic Chemical Plant 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 High Temperature Generator (HTG) Tubes of Vapor Absorption Chiller of an Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Unit 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 Gasket Seat in a Shell and Tube Condenser in a Petrochemical Plant 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 Acid Gas CO2 Cooler Condenser in Ammonia Plant of a Fertilizer Unit 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 Naphtha Coolers in a Fertilizer Plant 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 U Type Jet Dyeing Machine in a Textile Dyeing Unit 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 Acetic Acid Manufacturing Unit in a Petrochemical Plant 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 Large Stainless Steel Pipeline in a Urea Plant of a Fertilizer Unit 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 Heat Recovery System of a PVC Unit in a Petrochemical Plant 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 EDC Furnace Coil of a PVC Plant in a Petrochemical Unit 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 Internals of a Stirred Reactor Processing Ortho Phosphoric Acid 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 Salt Evaporator 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 Cooler\/Condenser Tubes of an Absorption Chiller Machine of an Airconditioning Plant 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 Nitro Mass Cooler in an Organic Chemical Plant 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 Fertilizer Industry Ammonia Plant Natural Gas Feed Preheater Coil 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e37 Petrochemical Unit. PVC Plant. Radiant Coils of the EDC Pyrolysis Furnace 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 Exhaust Gas Boiler in a Sugar Mill 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 Domestic Storage Water Heater 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 Stirred Reactor in a Rubber Chemical Plant 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 Stainless Steel Tubes During Long Storage in Packed Condition 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 Fertilizer Plant. Ammonia Units. Secondary Waste Heat Boiler Tubes 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e43 Hospital Hydroclave for Treating Wastes 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 Petrochemical Plant. Phosgene Absorption Column Internals 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 Fertilizer Unit Ammonia Plant Start-Up Preheater Outlet Line 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 Petrochemical Plant Underground Fire–Water Pipelines 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47 Monel Clad Evaporator in a Pure Water Plant 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 Loop Steamer Machine in a Textile Dyeing Unit 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e49 Rubber Chemicals Plant: Leakage in Process Pipelines 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 Clay Drier in a Clay manufacturing Plant 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e51 Hydrogen Sulfide Processing Plant 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 Textile Bleaching Vessel in a Dyeing Industry 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53 Condenser of an Absorption Chilling Machine in an Air-Conditioning Plant 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 Petrochemical Complex: Lube Oil Cooler Tubes of Captive Gas Turbine Power Plant 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 Petrochemical Plant: Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) Exchanging Heat Between Spent Caustic and Vent Gas in a Cracker Plant 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e56 Inorganic Chemical Plant: Distillation Pots 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e57 Starch Industry: Economizer Tubes of High Pressure Captive Boilers 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 Rubber Chemical Plant–Crump Slurry Tank 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e59 Petrochemical Plant: Gas Cracker Unit Dilute Steam Kettle Re-boiler 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 Textile Dyeing Unit: Jet Dyeing Machine Shell 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e61 Oil Refinery: 12 Inch Dia. Overhead Pipeline 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e62 Fertilizer Plant: CO2 Compressor Inter-stage Cooler 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 Oil Refinery: Flash Crude Heater Shell Cover Drain Nozzle 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e64 Oil Refinery: Light Cycle Oil Steam Generator 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 Organic Chemical Plant: High Pressure Autoclave in R\u0026amp;D Laboratory 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e66 Fertilizer Industry: Captive Power Plant: Economizer Tube 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e67 Inorganic Chemicals Plant: Reactor Shell 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e68 Reactor for an Organic Chemical Plant 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e69 Fertilizer Unit. Ammonia Plant. Primary Waste Heat Boiler 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 Pulp and Paper Plant. TL Vertical Screen Inlet Line of the Paper Section 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e71 Fertilizer Plant. Underground Sections of Cooling Water and Fire Hydrant Water Pipe Lines 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e72 Thermal Power Plant. Condenser Cooling Sea Water In-take Line. Butter Fly Valve 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e73 Petrochemical Plant. Pressure Transmitter Sensors 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e74 Organic Chemicals Plant: Coolers and Condensors 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e75 Organic Chemicals Plant: Alcohol Vaporizer 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e76 Organic Chemicals Plant. Thermowells 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e77 Fertilizer Unit. Ammonia Plant. Gas to Gas Heat Exchanger 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e78 Oil Refinery. Sulfolane Recovery Column Reboiler 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e79 Oil Refinery. Hydrocarbon vapor-liquid heat exchanger 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 Chlor-Alkali Plant Stainless Steel Laboratory Reactor 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 221\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49525374779735,"sku":"9780470455647","price":78.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470455647.jpg?v=1731860276","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/corrosion-failures-9780470455647","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}