{"product_id":"control-of-mechatronic-systems-9781119505808","title":"Control of Mechatronic Systems","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA practical methodology for designing integrated automation control for systems and processes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementing digital control within mechanical-electronic (mechatronic) systems is essential to respond to the growing demand for high-efficiency machines and processes. In practice, the most efficient digital control often integrates time-driven and event-driven characteristics within a single control scheme. However, most of the current engineering literature on the design of digital control systems presents discrete-time systems and discrete-event systems separately.\u003ci\u003eControl Of Mechatronic Systems: Model-Driven Design And Implementation Guidelines\u003c\/i\u003eunites the two systems, revisiting the concept of automated control by presenting a unique practical methodology for whole-system integration. With its innovative hybrid approach to the modeling, analysis, and design of control systems, this text provides material for mechatronic engineering and process automation courses, as\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to the Control of Mechatronic Systems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Description of Mechatronic Systems 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Generic Controlled Mechatronic System and Instrumentation Components 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 The Data Processing and Computing Unit 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Data Acquisition and Transmission Units 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Electrically-driven Actuating Units 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Measuring and Detecting Units 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Signal Conditioning Units 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Functions and Examples of Controlled Mechatronic Systems and Processes 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Controller Design Integration Steps and Implementation Strategies 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises and Problems 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Physics-Based Systems and Processes: Dynamics Modeling \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Generic Dynamic Modeling Methodology 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Transportation Systems and Processes 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Sea Gantry Crane Handling Process 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.1 Model 1 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.2 Model 2 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Vertical Elevator System 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Hybrid Vehicle Powertrain with Parallel Configuration 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3.1 Motor Driving and Regenerating Model 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3.2 Vehicle Gear Box Model 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3.3 Brake System Model 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Driverless Vehicle Longitudinal Dynamics 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Automated Segway Transportation Systems 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Biomedical Systems and Processes 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Infant Incubator 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Blood Glucose-Insulin Metabolism 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Fluidic and Thermal Systems and Processes 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Mixing Tank 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Purified Water Distribution Process 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Conveyor Cake Oven 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.4 Poultry Scalding and Defeathering Thermal Process 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Chemical Processes 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Crude Oil Distillation Petrochemical Process 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Lager Beer Fermentation Tank 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Production Systems and Processes 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Single Axis Drilling System 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 Cement-Based Pozzolana Portal Scraper 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.3 Variable Pitch Wind Turbine Generator System 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises and Problems 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Discrete-Time Modeling and Conversion Methods \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e105\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Digital Signal Processing Preliminaries 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Digital Signal Characterization 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Difference Equation: Discrete-Time Signal Characterization Using Approximation Methods 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.1 Numerical Approximation Using Forward Difference 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.2 Numerical Equivalence Using Backward Difference 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.3 Numerical Equivalence Using Bilinear Transform 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 \u003ci\u003eZ\u003c\/i\u003e-Transform and Inverse \u003ci\u003eZ\u003c\/i\u003e-Transform: Theorems and Properties 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Procedure for Discrete-Time Approximation of the Continuous Process Model 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4.1 \u003ci\u003eZ\u003c\/i\u003e-Transfer Functions and Block Diagram Manipulation 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Conversion and Reconstruction of the Continuous Signal: Sampling and Hold Device 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.1 Sampler and Hold-Based Process Model 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5.2 Construction Methods of a Continuous Signal from a Data Sequence 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Signal Conditioning 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Signal Conversion Technology 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Digital-to-Analog Conversion 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Data Logging and Processing 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Computer Bus Structure and Applications 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Computer Interface and Data Sampling Issues 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Signal Conversion Time Delay Effects 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1.1 Nyquist Sampling Theorem and Shannon’s Interpolation Formula 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Estimation of the Minimum Sampling Rate to Be Selected 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2.1 Remarks on Sample Periods 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises and Problems 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Discrete-Time Analysis Methods \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e169\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Analysis Tools of Discrete-Time Systems and Processes 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Discrete Pole and Zero Location 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Discrete Frequency Analysis Tools: Fourier Series and Transform (DFT, DTFT, and FFT) 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.1 Discrete System Frequency Response 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.2 Sketching Procedure for the Frequency Response of a Discrete System 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.3 Properties of a Frequency Response 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Discrete-Time Controller Specifications 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Time Domain Specifications 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Frequency Response Specifications 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Discrete-Time Steady-State Error Analysis 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Stability Test for Discrete-Time Systems 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Bound-Input Bound-Output (BIBO) Stability Definition 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Zero-Input Stability Definition 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Bilinear Transformation and the Routh–Hurwitz Criterion 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Jury–Marden Stability Test 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5 Frequency-Based Stability Analysis 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Performance Indices and System Dynamical Analysis 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises and Problems 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Continuous Digital Controller Design \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Design of Control Algorithms for Continuous Systems and Processes 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Direct Design Controller Algorithms 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Discrete PID Controller Algorithms 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.1 Proportional Control Algorithm 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.2 Derivative Control Algorithm 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.3 Integral Control Algorithm 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.4 PI Control Algorithm 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.5 PD Control Algorithm 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.6 Classical PID Controller Algorithm 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.7 Properties of and Some Remarks on PID Controller Algorithms 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 PID Controller Gains Design Using a Frequency Response Technique 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3.1 Design Procedure for PID Controller Design 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 PID Controller Gains Design Using a Root Locus Technique 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4.1 Design Procedures 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.5 Feedforward Control Methods 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.5.1 Command Input Feedforward Control Algorithm 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.5.2 Disturbance Feedforward Control Algorithm 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Modern Control Topologies 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 State Feedback PID Control Algorithms 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 MPC Algorithms 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Open-Loop Position Control Using SteppingMotors 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Induction Motor Controller Design 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Scalar Control (\u003ci\u003eV\/f \u003c\/i\u003eControl) 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.1 Open-Loop Scalar Control 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.2 Closed-Loop Scalar Control (Slip Control) 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Vector Control 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.1 Direct Torque Control 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.2 Speed Control of AC Motors 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.3 Speed Control of DC Motors 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises and Problems 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Boolean-Based Modeling and Logic Controller Design \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e283\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Generic Boolean-Based Modeling Methodology 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 System Operation Description and Functional Analysis 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Combinatorial and Sequential Logic Systems 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2.1 Combinational Modeling Tools: Truth Table, SOP, Product of Sums (POS), K-Maps 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2.2 Sequential Modeling Tools: Sequence Table, Switching Theory, and State Diagram 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Production Systems 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Portico Scratcher 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Biomedical Systems 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Robot-Assisted Surgery 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Laser Surgery Devices 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Transportation Systems 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Elevator Motion Systems 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Fruit-Picker Arm 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Driverless Car 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Fail-Safe Design and Interlock Issues 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Logic Control Validation (Commissioning) 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises and Problems 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Hybrid Controller Design \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e337\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Requirements for Monitoring and Control of Hybrid Systems 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Requirements for Hybrid Control System Design 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Requirements for Operations Monitoring System Design 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Process Interlock Design Requirements 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Design Methodology for Monitoring and Control Systems 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Examples of Hybrid Control and Case Studies 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Elevator Motion System 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Bottle-Cleaning Process 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Cement-Drying Process 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises and Problems 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Mechatronics Instrumentation: Actuators and Sensors \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e377\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Actuators in Mechatronics 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Electromechanical Actuating Systems 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Solenoids 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Digital Binary Actuators 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 DC Motors 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 AC Motors 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Stepping Motors 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.6 Transmission Mechanical Variables 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Electro-Fluidic Actuating Systems 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Electric Motorized Pumps 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Electric-Driven Cylinders 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Electrovalves 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Electrothermal Actuating Systems 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Sensors in Mechatronics 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Measurement Instruments 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1.1 Relative Position (Distance) 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1.2 Angular Position Measurement Using an Encoder and a Resolver 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1.3 Velocity Measurement 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1.4 Acceleration Measurement 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1.5 Force Measurement 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1.6 Torque Measurement 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1.7 Flow Measurement 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1.8 Pressure Measurement 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1.9 Liquid-Level Measurement 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1.10 Radio Frequency-Based Level Measurement 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1.11 Smart and Nano Sensors 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Detection Instruments 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2.1 Electromechanical Limit Switches 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2.2 Photoelectric Sensors 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2.3 RFID-Based Tracking and Detection 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2.4 Binary Devices: Pressure Switches and Vacuum Switches 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises and Problems 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Stochastic Modeling \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e437\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Discrete Process Model State-Space Form 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Auto-Regressive Model with an eXogenous Input: ARX Model Structure 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 The Auto-Regressive Model – AR Model Structure 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4 The Moving Average Model – MA Model Structure 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5 The Auto-Regressive Moving Average Model – ARMA Model Structure 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6 The Auto-Regressive Moving Average with eXogenous Input Model – ARMAX Model Structure 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.7 Selection of Model Order and Delay 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.8 Parameter Estimation Methods 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.9 LS Estimation Methods 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.10 RLS Estimation Methods 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.11 Model Validation 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.12 Prediction Error Analysis Methods 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.13 Estimation of Confidence Intervals for Parameters 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.14 Checking for I\/O Consistency for Different Models 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Step Response Modeling \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e447\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eC \u003ci\u003eZ\u003c\/i\u003e-Transform Tables \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e451\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eD Boolean Algebra, Bus Drivers, and Logic Gates \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e455\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.1 Some Logic Gates, Flip-Flops, and Drivers 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.2 Other Logic Devices: Drivers and Bus Drivers 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.3 Gated \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eR \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e− \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eS \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eLatch 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.4 D-Type (Delay-Flip-Flop) 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.5 Register or Buffer 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.6 Adder 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eE Solid-State Devices and Power Electronics \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e463\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.1 Power Diodes 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.2 Diode–Transistor Logic (DTL) 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.3 Power Transistors 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.4 Resistor–Transistor Logic (RTL) 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.5 Transistor–Transistor Logic (TTL) 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.6 Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET (MOSFET) 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.7 Thyristors 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 469\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407067291991,"sku":"9781119505808","price":90.86,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119505808.jpg?v=1730498061","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/control-of-mechatronic-systems-9781119505808","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}