{"product_id":"condition-monitoring-troubleshooting-and-reliability-in-rotating-machinery-9781119631545","title":"Condition Monitoring Troubleshooting and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eROTATING MACHINERY\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThis third volume in a broad collection of current rotating machinery topics, written by industry experts, is a must-have for rotating equipment engineers, maintenance personnel, students, and anyone else wanting to stay abreast with current rotating machinery concepts and technology.\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRotating Machinery Fundamentals and Advances represents a broad category of equipment, which includes pumps, compressors, fans, gas turbines, electric motors, internal combustion engines, etc., that are critical to the efficient operation of process facilities around the world. These machines must be designed to move gases and liquids safely, reliably, and in an environmentally friendly manner. To fully understand rotating machinery, owners must be familiar with their associated technologies, such as machine design, lubrication, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, rotordynamics, vibration analysis, condition monitoring, maintenance practices, reliability theory, and othe\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1: Condition Monitoring 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 An Introduction to Machinery Monitoring 3\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Centrifugal Pump Monitoring, Troubleshooting and Diagnosis Using Vibration Technologies 15\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy William D. Marscher\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVibration Definitions 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Vibration vs. Time Relates to a Vibration vs. Frequency “Spectrum” 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat are Reasons for Excess Vibration? 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationship of Vibration to Centrifugal Pump Acceptability and Reliability 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVibration Standards, Informal and Formal: Intent and Basis 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVibration Measurement Form 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVibration Detection Sensors 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccelerometers 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProximity Probes 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotion Magnified Video (aka Vibration Video Amplification) 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternational Vibration Acceptance Standards 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePump Components Playing Key Roles in Vibration Diagnostics 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRotor Support by Bearings: Fluid Film Journal Bearings vs. Rolling Element Bearings 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRotor Support by Seals: Annular Seal “Lomakin Effect” 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCouplings 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBearing Housings and Attachment Bolts 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePump Casing, Feet, and Foot Attachment Bolts 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePump Pedestals, Baseplate, and Foundation 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePiping, Suction, and Discharge 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePump Drivers 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluating Causes of Excess Vibration: Excitation vs. Amplification 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcess of Resonant Amplification due to Coincidence of Excitation and Natural Frequencies 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact Test Method of Determining Natural Frequencies 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecific Forces in Centrifugal Pumps 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical Excitation Forces 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBalance 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMisalignment 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical Forces Due to Dry Running Pump, Dry Running Seal, Overtightened Seal 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydraulic Forces and Blade Passing Frequency 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydraulic Vibration Forces Below Running Speed, Including Subsynchronous Whirl 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetection of Effects of Cavitation 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTorsional Excitations 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVibrations Particular to Various Centrifugal Pump Types 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical Turbine Pump Evaluation 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical Dry Pit Pump Vibration Issues 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubmersible Pump Vibration Issues 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd Suction Overhung Single Stage Pump Vibration Issues 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBetween Bearing Double Suction Single Stage Pump Vibration Issues 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHorizontal Multistage Pump Vibration Issues 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSteps in Pump Evaluation through Vibration Monitoring 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of the Bode and Nyquist Plots to Confirm Natural Frequencies 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperating Deflection Shapes (ODS) 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences \u0026amp; Bibliography 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Proximity Probes are a Good Choice for Monitoring Critical Machinery with Fluid Film Bearings 77\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProximity Probe Benefits 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheory of Operation 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRunout Concerns 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrounding and Noise 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShaft Orbits 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Machinery Monitoring Recommendations 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal Thoughts 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Optimizing Lubrication and Lubricant Analysis 87\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Jim Fitch and Bennett Fitch\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptimum Reference State 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLubrication Excellence and the Ascend Chart 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBringing Awareness to Lubrication, Contamination, and Oil Analysis 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat You Might Not Know About Lubrication 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMachine Surface Interaction 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Lubricant Film 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFilm Strength 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnlubricated Surface Interactions 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFriction and Wear Generation 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMitigating Surface Interactions 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysics and Chemistry 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContamination: The Antagonist to Lubrication 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContamination Control and Condition Monitoring is More Often about Training than Advanced Technology 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContamination Control 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon’t Leave It to Instinct 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreating a Balance Between Exclusion and Removal 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Perform Oil Analysis 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluid Properties Analysis 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContamination Analysis 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWear Debris Analysis 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAchieving Oil Analysis Success by Looking Holistically 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObtaining a Representative Oil Sample 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelect the Right Machines for Oil Analysis 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClean and Correct Sampling Containers and Extraction Tools 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectly Located Sampling Ports 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProper Sampling Frequency 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProper and Consistent Sampling Procedures 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForward Samples Immediately to the Laboratory 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnsuring Reliable Testing 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCertified Training of Laboratory Technicians 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptimized Selection of Tests 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnsite Oil Analysis 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining the Optimum Course of Action 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffective Organization of Analysis with Proper Trending 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccurate Data Interpretation by the Laboratory 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnhanced Data Interpretation by the End-User 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake Corrective Action and Determine the Root Cause 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinuous Improvement and Key Performance Indicator (KPI) 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOil Analysis Tests 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViscosity 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid Number and Base Number 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFtir 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElemental Analysis 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticle Counting 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoisture Analysis 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpreting Oil Analysis Reports 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollowing the Data Trends 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking Back at the Past 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInspection 2.0: Advances in Early Fault Detection Strategy 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow-Hanging Fruit 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInspection Frequency Trumps High Science 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeware of Short P-F and Sudden-Death Failures 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInspection Windows and Zones 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInspection 2.0 is a Nurturing Strategy 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal Tips to Help Error-Proof Your Lubrication Program 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Troubleshooting Temperature Problems 135\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperature Assessments 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow do Infrared Thermometers Work? 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBearing Temperature Trending 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRolling Element and Sleeve Bearing Temperature Guidelines 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRule of Thumb for Rolling Element Bearings: 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBearing Temperature Guidelines for Instrumented Hydrodynamic Bearings 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommended Guidelines for Babbitt Bearings 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBearing Temperature Sensor Placement 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSleeve Bearings 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTilting Pad Journal (TPJ) Bearings-Load on Pad 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTilting Pad Journal Bearings-Load between Pads 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThrust Bearings-Tilting Pad 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Temperature Probe Installation Guidelines 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompressor Discharge Temperature Assessments 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeat of Compression 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Compression Processes 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdiabatic Compression 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolytropic Compression 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolytropic Example 1: 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolytropic Example 2: 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Compression Ratio Matters 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Role It Plays in Compressor Design and Selection 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompression Ratio versus Discharge Temperature 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Temperature Margin 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Tradeoffs 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReciprocating Compressor Temperature Monitoring 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValve Temperature Monitoring 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperature Monitoring Example 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Assessing Reciprocating Compressors and Engines 167\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of Reciprocating Compressors 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Monitoring Guidelines for Reciprocating Compressors 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact Monitoring 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRod Drop Monitoring 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing Ultrasonics to Assess Reciprocating Machinery 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMystery Reciprocating Compressor Knock 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Gas Engines 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Accurate are Rotating Equipment and Reciprocating Equipment Analyst Findings? 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Managing Critical Machinery Vibration Data 195\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeware of False Positives and False Negatives 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVibration Analysis Strategies 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2: Troubleshooting 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Addressing Reciprocating Compressor Piping Vibration Problems: Design Ideas, Field Audit Tips, and Assessment Methods 203\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePiping Restraints 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePipe Clamping Systems 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuidelines 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreloading Clamp Bolts 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePiping Assessment Steps 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmall-Bore Piping 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttaching Pipe Clamps to Structural Members 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ideal Pipe Clamp Installation 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstallation Examples 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollecting and Assessing Piping Vibration 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePiping Analysis Steps 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePiping Vibration Examples 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBolt Torque Tables 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Glossary 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Remember to Check the Rotational Speed When Encountering Process Machinery Flow Problems 227\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Troubleshooters Need to be Well Versed in the Equipment They are Evaluating 233\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is the Difference Between Troubleshooting and Conducting a Failure Analysis? 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquipment Details 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerformance Characteristics 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCentrifugal Compressors 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReciprocating Compressors 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Fluid Film Bearing Troubleshooting Tips 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Basis: Speed, Pressures, Flows 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystem Design Details 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOEM Recommendations 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting it All Together 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Precise Coupling Properties are Required to Accurately Predict Torsional Natural Frequencies 247\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStart-Up Issues 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eField Vibration Study 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLesson Learned 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal Thoughts 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Is Vibration Beating on Machinery a Problem? 255\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez and Andrew P. Conkey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is Vibration Beating? 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZoom FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) Analysis 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectric Motor Zoom Analysis 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eField Case Study: “Beating” Effect Caused by Two Closely Spaced Mechanical Frequencies Observed on Two-Shaft, Gas Turbine Drive 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground Information 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVibration Response Analysis 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigation of System and Analysis 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency Analysis 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study Solution 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study Conclusions and Lessons Learned 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal Comments 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 3: Reliability 265\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Using Standby Machinery to Improve Process Reliability 267\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Reliability Theory 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercising Spared Machinery 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternating Twin, Non-Critical, Process Pumps 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommended Swapping Procedures for Critical Motors, Pumps, Blowers, Compressors, Generators, and Steam Turbines 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommended Swapping Procedures for Reciprocating Process Plant Machinery above 200 HP 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRaptor Modeling Software 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModeling Examples 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 1: Unspared Compressor 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 2: Main and Spare Compressor Installation 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 3: Two out of Three (2oo3) Compressor Configuration 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cost of Redundancy 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4: Cost of Unreliability 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEconomics 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJustifying of a Spare Compressor 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClosing Thoughts 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Gas Turbine Drivers: What Users Need to Know 289\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheory of Operation 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Does a Gas Turbine Work? 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAir Compressor 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombustors 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransition Pieces 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpansion Turbine 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTurbine Section Challenges and Solutions 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Shaft Gas Turbine Construction Details 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGas Producer 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower Pressure Power Turbine (LP) 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical Conditions Inside an Industrial Gas Turbine 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Atmospheric Conditions 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGas Turbine Controls 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtection 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuel and Fuel Treatment 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGas Fuels 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegradation and Water Washing 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvanced Materials for Land Based Gas Turbines 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlade Degradation 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCondition Monitoring Approaches 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAerothermal Performance Analysis 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVibration Analysis 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransient Analysis 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical Transient Analysis 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDynamic Pressure Analysis 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLube Oil Debris Analysis 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBorescope Inspection 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCondition Monitoring as a System 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGas Turbine Maintenance Inspections 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandby Inspections 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRunning Inspections 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombustion Inspections 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHot Gas Path Inspections 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMajor Inspections 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife Cycle Management 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Destructive Testing (NDT) 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpare Parts 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal Words of Advice 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Reliability Improvement Ideas for Integrally Geared Plant Air Compressors 325\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Abdulrahman Alkhowaiter\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrally Geared Plant Air Compression Packages 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability Concerns 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeveloping Enhancements for Air Compressor Reliability and Performance 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability Improvement Program to Achieve Reliability and Eliminate Frequent Failures 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability Improvements (based on 2008 Report) Made to Five (5) 850 HP Air Compressor Failures by Engineering and Maintenance: 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Failure Analysis \u0026amp; Design Evaluation of a 500 KW Regeneration Gas Blower 341\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Abdulrahman Alkhowaiter\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetail Design Analysis 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeeded Action by Repair Shop 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAction Required by Refinery 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Operating Centrifugal Pumps with Variable Frequency Drives in Static Head Applications 353\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVFD Advantages 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatic Head Systems 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommended Startup Sequence 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal Thoughts 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Estimating Reciprocating Compressor Gas Flows 363\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwept Volume 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClearance Volume 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolumetric Efficiency 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlow Calculation Example 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors Affecting Compressor Flow 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal Words 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Use Your Historical Records to Better Manage Time Dependent Machinery Failure Modes 373\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 4: Professional Development 379\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Soft Skills and Habits that All Machinery Professionals Need to Develop 381\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsking Probing Questions 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eListening More Carefully 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObserving 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinuously Learning 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePraising 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeaching 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClosing Remarks 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Developing Rotating Machinery Competency 391\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBy Robert X. Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I: Preparing Students to Work with Rotating Machinery 391\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRotating Machinery Related Job Functions 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II: Steps to Improving Rotating Machinery Competency: Study-Practice-Share 396\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Editor 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Contributors 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 409\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51039266832727,"sku":"9781119631545","price":153.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119631545.jpg?v=1750943105","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/condition-monitoring-troubleshooting-and-reliability-in-rotating-machinery-9781119631545","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}