{"product_id":"comptia-network-study-guide-9781119811633","title":"CompTIA Network Study Guide","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction xxxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessment Test xli\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Introduction to Networks 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst Things First: What’s a Network? 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Local Area Network 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Network Components 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetropolitan Area Network 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWide Area Network 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal Area Network 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCampus Area Network 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStorage Area Network 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoftware-Defined Wide Area Network 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiprotocol Label Switching 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Architecture: Peer-to-Peer or Client-Server? 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Network Topologies 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBus Topology 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStar Topology 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRing Topology 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMesh Topology 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint-to-Point Topology 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint-to-Multipoint Topology 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHybrid Topology 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTopology Selection, Backbones, and Segments 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelecting the Right Topology 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Network Backbone 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Segments 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eService-Related Entry Points 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eService Provider Links 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirtual Networking 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 The Open Systems Interconnection Specifications 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternetworking Models 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Layered Approach 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvantages of Reference Models 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe OSI Reference Model 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Application Layer 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Presentation Layer 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Session Layer 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Transport Layer 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Network Layer 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Data Link Layer 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Physical Layer 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Encapsulation 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModulation Techniques 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Networking Connectors and Wiring Standards 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Media 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoaxial Cable 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwisted-Pair Cable 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwinaxial Cable 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFiber-Optic Cable 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransceivers 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedia Converters 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerial Cables 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCable Properties 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransmission Speeds 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistance 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuplex 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNoise Immunity (Security, EMI) 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWiring Standards 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT568A vs. T568B 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStraight-Through Cable 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrossover Cable 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRolled\/Rollover Cable 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT1 Crossover Cable 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstalling Wiring Distributions 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMDF\/IDF 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 The Current Ethernet Specifications 93\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Basics 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet Basics 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollision Domain 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBroadcast Domain 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCSMA\/CD 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBroadband\/Baseband 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBit Rates vs. Baud Rate 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWavelength 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHalf-and Full-Duplex Ethernet 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet at the Data Link Layer 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBinary to Decimal and Hexadecimal Conversion 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet Addressing 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet Frames 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet at the Physical Layer 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet over Other Standards (IEEE 1905.1-2013) 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet over Power Line 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet over HDMI 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBidirectional Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCourse Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (CWDM) 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM) 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Networking Devices 129\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Network Connectivity Devices 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Interface Card 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHub 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridge 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRouter 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirewall 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIDS\/IPS 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIDS 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess Point 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWireless Range Extender 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWireless LAN Controller 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoad Balancer 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContention Methods 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDynamic Host Configuration Protocol Server 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIPAM 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Specialized Devices 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultilayer Switch 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDomain Name Service Server 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Time Protocol 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProxy Server 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncryption and Content Filtering 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalog Modem 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePacket Shaper 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVPN Concentrator\/Headend 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedia Converter 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVoIP PBX 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVoIP Endpoint 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNGFW\/Layer 7 Firewall 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVoIP Gateway 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCable Modem 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDSL Modem 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetworked Devices 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVoIP Phones 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinters 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Access Control Devices 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCameras 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeating Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Sensors 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet of Things (IoT) 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndustrial Control Systems 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlanning and Implementing a Basic SOHO Network Using Network Segmentation 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining Requirements 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitches and Bridges at the Data Link Layer 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHubs at the Physical Layer 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Considerations 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Introduction to the Internet Protocol 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroducing TCP\/IP 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Brief History of TCP\/IP 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTCP\/IP and the DoD Model 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Process\/Application Layer Protocols 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Host-to-Host Layer Protocols 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Internet Layer Protocols 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData Encapsulation 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 IP Addressing 231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIP Terminology 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Addressing 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate IP Addresses (RFC 1918) 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIPv4 Address Types 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLayer 2 Broadcasts 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLayer 3 Broadcasts 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnicast Address 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMulticast Address (Class D) 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Do We Need IPv6? 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Benefits of and Uses for IPv6 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIPv6 Addressing and Expressions 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShortened Expression 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddress Types 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Addresses 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDHCPv6 (Stateful) 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMigrating to IPv6 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Labs 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 7.1 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 7.2 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 IP Subnetting, Troubleshooting IP, and Introduction to NAT 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubnetting Basics 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to Create Subnets 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubnet Masks 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubnetting Class C Addresses 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubnetting Class B Addresses 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTroubleshooting IP Addressing 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining IP Address Problems 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Network Address Translation (NAT) 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Network Address Translation 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNAT Names 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow NAT Works 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Introduction to IP Routing 305\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRouting Basics 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe IP Routing Process 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting Your IP Routing Understanding 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatic and Dynamic Routing 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Routing Protocols 325\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRouting Protocol Basics 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdministrative Distances 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClasses of Routing Protocols 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistance-Vector Routing Protocols 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRouting Information Protocol (RIP) 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRIP Version 2 (RIPv2) 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLSMs and Discontiguous Networks 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEIGRP 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBorder Gateway Protocol (BGP) 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLink-State Routing Protocols 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpen Shortest Path First (OSPF) 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh Availability 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirtual Router Redundancy Protocol 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvanced IPv6 Concepts 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRouter Advertisement 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeighbor Discovery Protocol 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTunneling 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDual Stack 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIPv6 Routing Protocols 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRIPng 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEIGRPv6 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOSPFv3 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Switching and Virtual LANs 365\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetworking Before Layer 2 Switching 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitching Services 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimitations of Layer 2 Switching 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridging vs. LAN Switching 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree Switch Functions at Layer 2 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistributed Switching 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpanning Tree Protocol 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpanning Tree Port States 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTP Convergence 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRapid Spanning Tree Protocol 802.1w 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirtual LANs 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Basics 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality of Service 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Memberships 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatic VLANs 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDynamic VLANs 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentifying VLANs 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Identification Methods 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Trunking Protocol 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVTP Modes of Operation 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo We Really Need to Put an IP Address on a Switch? 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch Port Protection 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePort Bonding 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevice Hardening 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Additional Advanced Features of Switches 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower over Ethernet (802.3af, 802.3at) 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePort Mirroring\/Spanning (SPAN\/RSPAN) 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Wireless Networking 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Wireless Technology 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCellular Technologies 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 802.11 Standards (Regulatory Impacts) 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 GHz (802.11b) 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 GHz (802.11g) 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 GHz (802.11a) 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 GHz (802.11h) 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 GHz\/5 GHz (802.11n) 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 GHz (802.11ac) 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWiFi 6 (802.11ax) 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparing 802.11 Standards 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRange and Speed Comparisons 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWireless Network Components 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWireless Access Points 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWireless Network Interface Card 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWireless Antennas 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstalling a Wireless Network 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAd Hoc Mode: Independent Basic Service Set 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfrastructure Mode: Basic Service Set 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWireless Controllers 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMobile Hot Spots 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignal Degradation 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Network Infrastructure Implementations 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnologies That Facilitate the Internet of Things (IoT) 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstalling and Configuring WLAN Hardware 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSite Survey 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProviding Capacity 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple Floors 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocation-Based WLAN 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSite Survey Tools 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWireless Security 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWireless Threats 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpen Access 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eService Set Identifiers, Wired Equivalent Privacy, and Media Access Control Address Authentication 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemote Authentication Dial-In User Service (802.1X) 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemporal Key Integrity Protocol 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWi-Fi Protected Access or WPA2 Pre-Shared Key 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 Using Statistics and Sensors to Ensure Network Availability 469\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerformance Metrics\/Sensors 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevice\/Chassis 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Metrics 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSNMP 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraps 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObject Identifiers (OIDs) 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement Information Bases (MIBs) 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Device Logs 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLog Reviews 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogging Levels\/Severity Levels 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterface Statistics\/Status 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLink State (Up\/Down) 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpeed\/Duplex 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSend\/Receive Traffic 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCyclic Redundancy Checks (CRCs) 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtocol Packet and Byte Counts 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterface Errors or Alerts 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCRC Errors 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGiants and Runts 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncapsulation Errors 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Factors and Sensors 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperature 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHumidity 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrical 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlooding 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaselines 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetFlow Data 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetFlow Overview and Flows 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUptime\/Downtime 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 Organizational Documents and Policies 505\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlans and Procedures 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChange Management 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncident Response Plan 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisaster Recovery Plan 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBusiness Continuity Plan 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystem Life Cycle 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Operating Procedures 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHardening and Security Policies 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcceptable Use Policy 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePassword Policy 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBring Your Own Device (BYOD) Policy 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemote Access Policy 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnboarding and Offboarding Policy 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecurity Policy 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData Loss Prevention 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Documentation 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Network Diagram 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogical Network Diagram 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWiring Diagram 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSite Survey Report 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAudit and Assessment Report 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaseline Configurations 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Agreements 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNondisclosure Agreement (NDA) 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eService-Level Agreement (SLA) 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMemorandum of Understanding (MOU) 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 High Availability and Disaster Recovery 533\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoad Balancing 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultipathing 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Interface Card (NIC) Teaming 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRedundant Hardware\/Clusters 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitches 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRouters 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirewalls 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacilities and Infrastructure Support 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower Distribution Units (PDUs) 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenerator 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHVAC 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFire Suppression 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRedundancy and High Availability (HA) Concepts 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecovery Sites 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold Site 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWarm Site 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHot Site 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCloud Site 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActive\/Active vs. Active\/Passive 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean Time to Repair (MTTR) 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean Time Between Failure (MTBF) 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecovery Time Objective (RTO) 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecovery Point Objective (RPO) 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Device Backup\/Restore 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eState\/Configuration 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 Common Security Concepts 559\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfidentiality 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrity 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvailability 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThreats 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVulnerabilities 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZero-Day 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExploits 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeast Privilege 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole-Based                               \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZero Trust 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefense in Depth 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Segmentation Enforcement 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreened Subnet (aka Demilitarized Zone) 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeparation of Duties 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Access Control 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHoneypot 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthentication Methods 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultifactor 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle Sign-On (SSO) 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLDAP 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKerberos 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal Authentication 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e802.1X 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecurity Risk Assessments 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThreat Assessment 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVulnerability Assessment 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePenetration Testing 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBusiness Risk Assessments 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecurity Information and Event Management (SIEM) 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotifications 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17 Common Types of Attacks 581\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnology-Based Attacks 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDenial of Service (DoS)\/Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn-Path Attack (Previously Known as Man-in-the-Middle Attack) 588\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNS Poisoning 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Hopping 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eARP Spoofing 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRogue DHCP 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRogue Access Point (AP) 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvil Twin 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRansomware 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePassword Attacks 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMAC Spoofing 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIP Spoofing 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeauthentication 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalware 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman and Environmental 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Engineering 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhishing 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18 Network Hardening Techniques 605\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBest Practices 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecure SNMP 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRouter Advertisement (RA) Guard 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePort Security 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDynamic ARP Inspection 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl Plane Policing 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate VLANs 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisable Unneeded Switchports 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisable Unneeded Network Services 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChange Default Passwords 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePassword Complexity\/Length 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnable DHCP Snooping 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChange Default VLAN 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatch and Firmware Management 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess Control List 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole-Based Access 616\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirewall Rules 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWireless Security 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMAC Filtering 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntenna Placement 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower Levels 619\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWireless Client Isolation 619\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuest Network Isolation 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreshared Keys (PSKs) 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEAP 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeofencing 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaptive Portal 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIoT Access Considerations 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19 Remote Access Security 625\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSite-to-Site VPN 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClient-to-Site VPN 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClientless VPN 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSplit Tunnel vs. Full Tunnel 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemote Desktop Connection 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemote Desktop Gateway 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSSH 630\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirtual Network Computing (VNC) 630\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirtual Desktop 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthentication and Authorization Considerations 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn-Band vs. Out-of-Band Management 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 20 Physical Security 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetection Methods 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCameras 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotion Detection 640\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsset Tags 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTamper Detection 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevention Methods 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployee Training 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess Control Hardware 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocking Racks 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocking Cabinets 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess Control Vestibule (Previously Known as a Mantrap) 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmart Lockers 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsset Disposal 646\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactory Reset\/Wipe Configuration 646\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSanitize Devices for Disposal 646\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21 Data Center Architecture and Cloud Concepts 651\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData Center Network Architectures 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess\/Edge Layer 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution Layer 655\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCore Layer 655\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoftware-Defined Networking 655\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication Layer 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl Layer 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfrastructure Layer 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement Plane 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpine-Leaf–Based Two-Tier Networks 657\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTop-of-Rack Switching 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraffic Flows 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNorth-South 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEast-West 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBranch Office vs. On-premises Data Center vs. Colocation 660\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCloud Computing and Its Effect on the Enterprise Network 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eService Models 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of Network Programmability in Enterprise Network 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoftware-Defined Networking 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication Programming Interfaces (APIs) 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouthbound APIs 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNorthbound APIs 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManaging Network Documentation 670\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing SNMP 670\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSchematics and Diagrams 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Monitoring 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaselines 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcesses 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnboarding and Offboarding of Mobile Devices 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNAC 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolicies, Procedures, and Regulations 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSafety Practices 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementing Network Segmentation 686\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Optimization 689\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReasons to Optimize Your Network’s Performance 689\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to Optimize Performance 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnified Communications 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraffic Shaping 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoad Balancing 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh Availability 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaching Engines 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFault Tolerance 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArchives\/Backups 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Address Redundancy Protocol 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirtual Networking 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocating and Installing Equipment 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChange Management Procedures 715\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 717\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 720\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 721\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22 Ensuring Network Availability 725\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerformance Metrics\/Sensors 727\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Metrics 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSNMP 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Device Logs 731\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterface Statistics\/Status 733\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterface Errors 734\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Factors and Sensors 735\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaseline 736\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetFlow 737\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUptime 738\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDowntime 738\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 739\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 739\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 740\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 741\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23 Cable Connectivity Issues and Tools 745\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecifications and Limitations 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCable Considerations 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCable Applications 748\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Issues 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentifying Hardware Tools 751\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCable Testers 752\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtocol Analyzer 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCertifiers 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime-Domain Reflectometer 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptical Time-Domain Reflectometer 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultimeter 757\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpectrum Analyzer 758\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToner Generator (Probe) 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTap 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetrics 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eButt Set 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePunch-Down Tool 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCable Snips\/Cutters 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVoltage Event Recorder (Power) 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFiber Light Meter 764\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFiber Fusion Splicer 764\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 766\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 767\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24 Network Troubleshooting Methodology 771\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNarrowing Down the Problem 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDid You Check the Super Simple Stuff? 776\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs Hardware or Software Causing the Problem? 780\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs It a Workstation or a Server Problem? 781\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhich Segments of the Network Are Affected? 781\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs It Bad Cabling? 782\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTroubleshooting Steps 791\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 1: Identify the Problem 792\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 2: Establish a Theory of Probable Cause 796\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 3: Test the Theory to Determine Cause 806\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 4: Establish a Plan of Action to Resolve the Problem and Identify Potential Effects 809\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 5: Implement the Solution or Escalate as Necessary 810\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 6: Verify Full System Functionality, and If Applicable, Implement Preventative Measures 813\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 7: Document Findings, Actions, Outcomes, and Lessons Learned 814\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTroubleshooting Tips 815\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon’t Overlook the Small Stuff 815\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrioritize Your Problems 815\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCheck the Software Configuration 816\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon’t Overlook Physical Conditions 817\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon’t Overlook Cable Problems 817\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCheck for Viruses 818\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 818\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 818\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 819\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 821\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 25 Network Software Tools and Commands 825\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoftware Tools 827\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWi-Fi Analyzers 827\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtocol Analyzer\/Packet Capture 828\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBandwidth Speed Testers 829\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePort Scanners 830\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetFlow Analyzers 830\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) Server 831\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConnectivity Software 831\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIP Scanner 832\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing \u003ci\u003etraceroute \u003c\/i\u003e833\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing ipconfig, ifconfig, and ip 836\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003eipconfig \u003c\/i\u003eUtility 836\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003eifconfig \u003c\/i\u003eUtility 840\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003eip \u003c\/i\u003eUtility 840\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003eiptables \u003c\/i\u003eUtility 841\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of \u003ci\u003eiptables \u003c\/i\u003e841\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003eping \u003c\/i\u003eUtility 841\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the Address Resolution Protocol 845\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Windows ARP Table 845\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003earp \u003c\/i\u003eUtility 846\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003enslookup \u003c\/i\u003eUtility 849\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResolving Names with the Hosts File 850\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003eMtr \u003c\/i\u003eCommand \u003ci\u003e(pathping) \u003c\/i\u003e852\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the Nmap Utility 853\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003eroute \u003c\/i\u003eCommand 854\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003eroute \u003c\/i\u003eCommand Options 854\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Examples of the \u003ci\u003eroute \u003c\/i\u003eCommand 857\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003enbtstat \u003c\/i\u003eUtility 857\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003ea \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 858\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003eA \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 860\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003ec \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 860\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003en \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 860\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003er \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 861\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003eR \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 862\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003eS \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 862\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003es \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 863\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the \u003ci\u003enetstat \u003c\/i\u003eUtility 863\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003ea \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 866\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003ee \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 866\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003er \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 867\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003es \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 867\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003ep \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 868\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe –\u003ci\u003en \u003c\/i\u003eSwitch 869\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing \u003ci\u003etcpdump \u003c\/i\u003e871\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of Using \u003ci\u003etcpdump \u003c\/i\u003e871\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the File Transfer Protocol 871\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStarting FTP and Logging In to an FTP Server 872\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDownloading Files 874\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUploading Files 876\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the Telnet Utility 876\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to Enable Telnet in Windows 877\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon’t Use Telnet, Use Secure Shell 878\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 878\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExam Essentials 879\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 880\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 881\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A Answers to Written Labs 887\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 1: Introduction to Networks 888\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 2: The Open Systems Interconnection Specifications 888\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 3: Networking Connectors and Wiring Standards 889\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 4: The Current Ethernet Specifications 889\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 5: Networking Devices 891\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 6: Introduction to the Internet Protocol 892\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 7: IP Addressing 893\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 7.1 893\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 7.2 893\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 8: IP Subnetting, Troubleshooting IP, and Introduction to NAT 894\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 9: Introduction to IP Routing 895\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 10: Routing Protocols 895\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 11: Switching and Virtual LANs 895\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 12: Wireless Networking 896\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 13: Using Statistics and Sensors to Ensure Network Availability 896\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 14: Organizational Documents and Policies 897\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 15: High Availability and Disaster Recovery 898\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 16: Common Security Concepts 898\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 17: Common Types of Attacks 899\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 18: Network Hardening Techniques 899\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 19: Remote Access Security 900\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 20: Physical Security 900\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 21: Data Center Architecture and Cloud Concepts 901\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 22: Ensuring Network Availability 901\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 23: Cable Connectivity Issues and Tools 902\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 24: Network Troubleshooting Methodology 902\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 25: Network Software Tools and Commands 903\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B Answers to Review Questions 905\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 1: Introduction to Networks 906\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 2: The Open Systems Interconnection Specifications 907\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 3: Networking Connectors and Wiring Standards 909\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 4: The Current Ethernet Specifications 910\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 5: Networking Devices 911\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 6: Introduction to the Internet Protocol 913\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 7: IP Addressing 914\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 8: IP Subnetting, Troubleshooting IP, and Introduction to NAT 916\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 9: Introduction to IP Routing 918\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 10: Routing Protocols 919\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 11: Switching and Virtual LANs 921\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 12: Wireless Networking 922\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 13: Using Statistics and Sensors to Ensure Network Availability 924\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 14: Organizational Documents and Policies 925\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 15: High Availability and Disaster Recovery 926\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 16: Common Security Concepts 927\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 17: Common Types of Attacks 927\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 18: Network Hardening Techniques 928\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 19: Remote Access Security 929\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 20: Physical Security 930\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 21: Data Center Architecture and Cloud Concepts 931\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 22: Ensuring Network Availability 933\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 23: Cable Connectivity Issues and Tools 934\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 24: Network Troubleshooting Methodology 935\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 25: Network Software Tools and Commands 937\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix C Subnetting Class A 939\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubnetting Practice Examples: Class A Addresses 940\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Example #1A: 255.255.0.0 (\/16) 941\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Example #2A: 255.255.240.0 (\/20) 941\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Example #3A: 255.255.255.192 (\/26) 942\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubnetting in Your Head: Class A Addresses 942\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 1 943\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Lab 2 944\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Written Lab 1 944\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Written Lab 2 945\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 947\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons 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