{"product_id":"comparative-pathophysiology-and-toxicology-of-cyclooxygenases-9780470577547","title":"Comparative Pathophysiology and Toxicology of","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first thorough review of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including their toxicity mechanisms and toxicopathological risks    Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are enzymes responsible for the formation of an important class of biological mediators called prostanoids.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePREFACE xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eINTRODUCTION: DISCOVERY OF CYCLOOXYGENASES AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAspirin 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProstaglandins 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCyclooxygenases 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOX-2 Selective NSAIDs 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 1 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative COX-1 and COX-2 Expression in the GI Tract 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Arylpropionic Acid ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Enolic Acid (Oxicam) ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Acetic Acid Derivative ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Aminonicotinic Acid Derivative ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Pyrazolone Derivative ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Salicylic Acid Derivative ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Anthranilic Acid Derivative ns-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of COX-1 Inhibitors on the GI Tract 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs on the GI Tract 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathophysiology and Mechanisms of NSAID-Associated GI Toxicity 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Cyclooxygenase Potency 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies Differences in NSAID-Associated Susceptibility to GI Injury 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGI Anatomical Differences 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnterohepatic Recirculation and NSAID Toxicity 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Xenobiotic Glucuronidation 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAging and Stress and NSAID GI Effects 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisruption of GI Physiological Mucosal Defense Mechanisms 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGI Disequilibrium 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on Physiological GI Mucosal Cell Renewal Mechanisms After Mucosal Injury 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules and Trafficking 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of GI Physiological Local pH, Gut Absorption, and Fasting 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNSAID Topical Effect-Mediated Injury 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in GI Motility, Microcirculation, and Enterobacteria 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecreased Phosphatidylcholine Levels 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpaired Drug Metabolism 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Toll-like Receptor (TLR)-4\/MyD88 and Enteric Bacteria 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Uncoupling of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNSAID GI Injury-Associated Risk Factors 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 2 BONE–TENDON–LIGAMENT SYSTEM 72\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative Physiological and Anatomical Aspects of the Skeleton 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Prostaglandins in Skeleton Metabolism 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Process of Bone Healing and Potential Role of Prostaglandins 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInflammatory Response 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBone Resorption 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBone Formation 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOX-1 and COX-2 Expression in Bone, Tendon, and Ligament During Repair and in Pathological Conditions 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of ns-NSAIDs on Bone Healing 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs on Bone Healing 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of ns-NSAIDs on Ligament and Tendon Healing 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs on Ligament and Tendon Healing 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 3 RENAL SYSTEM 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative Physiological, Developmental, and Anatomical Aspects of the Renal System 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Prostaglandins in the Renal System 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOX-1 and COX-2 Expression in the Kidney 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of ns-NSAIDs on the Kidney 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs on the Kidney 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotential Mechanisms of NSAID Effects on the Renal System 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 4 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 180\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative Physiological and Anatomical Aspects of the Cardiovascular System 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Heart 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiovascular Blood Flow 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiac Conduction System and Blood Pressure 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart Rate 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRenin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone in the Cardiovascular System 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatriuretic Peptides in the Cardiovascular System 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiovascular Research and Animal Models 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiovascular Atherosclerosis 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOX-1 and COX-2 Expression in the Cardiovascular System 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathophysiological Role of Prostaglandins in the Cardiovascular System 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of NSAIDs on the Cardiovascular System 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of COX-1 and COX-2 Inhibition on Myocardial Ischemia, Infarction, and Thrombosis 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of COX-1 and COX-2 Inhibition on Coronary Blood Flow and Blood Pressure 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of COX-1 and COX-2 Inhibition on Atherogenesis 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 5 OCULAR SYSTEM 228\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative Physiological and Anatomical Aspects of the Ocular System 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Prostaglandins in the Ocular System 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOX-1 Expression in the Eye Under Normal and Pathological Conditions 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOX-2 Expression in the Eye Under Normal and Pathological Conditions 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs in Ophthalmology 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects ns-NSAIDs in Ophthalmology 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 6 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 270\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative Physiological and Anatomical Aspects of the Respiratory System 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Prostaglandins in the Respiratory System 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOX-1 Expression in the Respiratory System Under Normal and Pathological Conditions 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOX-2 Expression in the Respiratory System Under Normal and Pathological Conditions 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of COX-2 s-NSAIDs on the Respiratory System 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of ns-NSAIDs on the Respiratory System 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 7 CURRENT RESEARCH STRATEGIES FOR DESIGNING SAFER NSAIDs 309\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitric Oxide–Releasing NSAIDs 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrogen Sulfide–Releasing NSAIDs 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNSAIDs Associated with Zwitterionic Phospholipids 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChiral NSAIDs 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrefoil Peptides 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNovel Mechanism of Action NSIADs 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emPGES-1 Inhibitors 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eINDEX 321\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402370228567,"sku":"9780470577547","price":117.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470577547.jpg?v=1730480191","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/comparative-pathophysiology-and-toxicology-of-cyclooxygenases-9780470577547","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}