{"product_id":"chemistry-9780470587119","title":"Chemistry","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cb\u003eSpencer''s Chemistry: Structure and Dynamics\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e is the most successful reform project published for the General Chemistry course. The authors have built the text on the recommendations of the ACS''s Task Force on the General Chemistry Curriculum and suggestions from the adopters of previous editions. This innovative text provides a sixteen-chapter introduction to the fundamental concepts of chemistry. The material is supplemented by special topics at the end of each chapter. There are three major themes that link the content of the book: the process of science, the relationship between molecular structure and physical\/chemical properties, and the relationship between the microscopic and macroscopic levels. Spencer''s Chemistry can work successfully in both small and large lecture courses.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Elements and Compounds 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Chemistry: A Definition, 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures, 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Atomic Symbols, 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Chemical Formulas, 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Evidence for the Existence of Atoms, 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 The Role of Measurement in Chemistry, 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 The Structure of Atoms, 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Atomic Number and Mass Number, 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Isotopes, 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 The Difference Between Atoms and Ions, 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Polyatomic Ions, 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 The Periodic Table, 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.13 The Macroscopic, Atomic and Symbolic Worlds of Chemistry, 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14 The Mass of an Atom, 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15 Chemical Reactions and the Law of Conservation of Atoms, 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.16 Chemical Equations as a Representation of Chemical Reactions, 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.17 Balancing Chemical Equations, 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 The Mole: The Link between the Macroscopic and the Atomic Worlds of Chemistry 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 The Mole as the Bridge Between the Macroscopic and Atomic Scales, 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Mole as a Collection of Atoms, 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Converting Grams into Moles and Number of Atoms, 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 The Mole as a Collection of Molecules, 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Percent by Mass, 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Determining the Formula of a Compound, 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Two Views of Chemical Equations: Molecules Versus Moles, 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Mole Ratios and Chemical Equations, 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Stoichiometry, 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 The Stoichiometry of the Breathalyzer, 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 The Nuts and Bolts of Limiting Reagents, 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Density, 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Solute, Solvent, and Solution, 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14 Concentration, 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15 Molarity as a Way to Count Particles in a Solution, 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.16 Dilution Calculations, 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17 Solution Stoichiometry, 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 The Structure of the Atom 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Rutherford’s Model of the Atom, 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Particles and Waves, 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Light and Other Forms of Electromagnetic Radiation, 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Atomic Spectra, 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 The Wave-Packet Model of Electromagnetic Radiation, 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 The Bohr Model of the Atom, 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 The Energy States of the Hydrogen Atom, 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Electromagnetic Radiation and Color, 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 The First Ionization Energy, 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 The Shell Model, 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 The Shell Model and the Periodic Table, 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Photoelectron Spectroscopy and the Structure of Atoms, 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13 Electron Configurations from Photoelectron Spectroscopy, 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14 Allowed Combinations of Quantum Numbers, 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.15 Shells and Subshells of Orbitals, 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16 Orbitals and the Pauli Exclusion Principle, 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17 Predicting Electron Configurations, 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.18 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table, 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.19 Electron Configurations and Hund’s Rules, 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.20 The Sizes of Atoms: Metallic Radii, 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.21 The Sizes of Atoms: Covalent Radii, 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.22 The Relative Sizes of Atoms and Their Ions, 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.23 Patterns in Ionic Radii, 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.24 Second, Third, Fourth, and Higher Ionization Energies, 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.25 Average Valence Electron Energy (AVEE), 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.26 AVEE and Metallicity, 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 The Covalent Bond 123\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Valence Electrons, 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Covalent Bond, 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 How Does the Sharing of Electrons Bond Atoms?, 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Using Lewis Structures to Understand the Formation of Bonds, 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Drawing Skeleton Structures, 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 A Step-by-Step Approach to Writing Lewis Structures, 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Molecules That Don’t Seem to Satisfy the Octet Rule, 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Bond Lengths, 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Resonance Hybrids, 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Electronegativity, 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Partial Charge, 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Formal Charge, 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 The Shapes of Molecules, 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14 Predicting the Shapes of Molecules (The Electron Domain Model), 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15 The Role of Nonbonding Electrons in the ED Model, 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.16 Bond Angles, 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.17 The Difference Between Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules, 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Topics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4A.1 Valence Bond Theory, 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4A.2 Hybrid Atomic Orbitals, 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4A.3 Molecules with Double and Triple Bonds, 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4A.4 Molecular Orbital Theory, 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Ionic and Metallic Bonds 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Metals, Nonmetals, and Semimetals, 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Active Metals, 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Main-Group Metals and Their Ions, 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Main-Group Nonmetals and Their Ions, 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Transition Metals and Their Ions, 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Chemistry and Color, 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Predicting the Formulas of Ionic Compounds, 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Predicting the Products of Reactions That Produce Ionic Compounds, 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Oxides, Peroxides, and Superoxides, 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 The Ionic Bond, 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Structures of Ionic Compounds, 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Metallic Bonds, 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13 The Relationship among Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds, 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14 Bond-Type Triangles, 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.15 Properties of Metallic, Covalent, and Ionic Compounds, 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16 Oxidation Numbers, 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.17 Calculating Oxidation Numbers, 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.18 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions, 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19 Nomenclature, 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Gases 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Temperature, 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Temperature as a Property of Matter, 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 The States of Matter, 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Elements or Compounds That Are Gases at Room Temperature, 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 The Properties of Gases, 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Pressure versus Force, 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Atmospheric Pressure, 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Boyle’s Law, 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Amontons’ Law, 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Charles’ Law, 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Gay-Lussac’s Law, 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 Avogadro’s Hypothesis, 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 The Ideal Gas Equation, 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures, 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15 Ideal Gas Calculations: Part I, 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.16 Ideal Gas Calculations: Part II, 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17 The Kinetic Molecular Theory, 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.18 How the Kinetic Molecular Theory Explains the Gas Laws, 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.19 Graham’s Laws of Diffusion and Effusion, 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Topics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6A.1 Deviations from Ideal Gas Law Behavior: The van der Waals Equation, 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6A.2 Analysis of the van der Waals Constants, 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Making and Breaking of Bonds 264\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Energy, 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Heat, 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Heat and the Kinetic Molecular Theory, 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Specific Heat, 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 State Functions, 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 The First Law of Thermodynamics, 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Work, 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 The Enthalpy of a System, 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Enthalpies of Reaction, 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Enthalpy as a State Function, 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Standard-State Enthalpies of Reaction, 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Calculating Enthalpies of Reaction, 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.13 Enthalpies of Atom Combination, 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.14 Using Enthalpies of Atom Combination to Probe Chemical Reactions, 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.15 Bond Length and the Enthalpy of Atom Combination, 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.16 Hess’s Law, 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.17 Enthalpies of Formation, 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Liquids and Solutions 313\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 The Structure of Gases, Liquids, and Solids, 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Intermolecular Forces, 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Relative Strengths of Intermolecular Forces, 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 The Kinetic Theory of Liquids, 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 The Vapor Pressure of a Liquid, 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Melting Point and Freezing Point, 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Boiling Point, 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Phase Diagrams, 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Hydrogen Bonding and the Anomalous Properties of Water, 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Solutions: Like Dissolves Like, 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Molecules, 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Soaps, Detergents, and Dry-Cleaning Agents, 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Why Do Some Solids Dissolve in Water?, 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14 Solubility Equilibria, 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.15 Solubility Rules, 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.16 Net Ionic Equations, 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Topics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8A.1 Colligative Properties, 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8A.2 Depression of the Partial Pressure of a Solvent, 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8A.3 Boiling Point Elevation, 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8A.4 Freezing Point Depression, 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Solids 367\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Types of Solids, 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Molecular and Network Covalent Solids, 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 The Physical Properties of Molecular and Network Covalent Solids, 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Metallic Solids, 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Physical Properties That Result from the Structure of Metals, 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 The Structure of Metals, 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Coordination Numbers and the Structures of Metals, 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Unit Cells: The Simplest Repeating Unit in a Crystal, 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Solid Solutions and Intermetallic Compounds, 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Semimetals, 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 Ionic Solids, 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12 The Search for New Materials, 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.13 Measuring the Distance Between Particles in a Unit Cell, 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14 Determining the Unit Cell of a Crystal, 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.15 Calculating the Size of an Atom or Ion, 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Topics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9A.1 Defects, 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9A.2 Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators, 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9A.3 Thermal Conductivity, 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9A.4 Thermal Expansion, 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9A.5 Glass and Other Ceramics, 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 The Connection Between Kinetics and Equilibrium 408\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Reactions That Don’t Go to Completion, 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Gas-Phase Reactions, 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Rate of a Chemical Reaction, 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 The Collision Theory Model of Gas-Phase Reactions, 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Equilibrium Constant Expressions, 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Reaction Quotients: A Way to Decide Whether a Reaction is at Equilibrium, 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Changes in Concentration That Occur as a Reaction Comes to Equilibrium, 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Hidden Assumptions That Make Equilibrium Calculations Easier, 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 What Do We Do When the Assumption Fails?, 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 The Effect of Temperature on an Equilibrium Constant, 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Le Châtelier’s Principle, 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12 Le Châtelier’s Principle and the Haber Process, 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.13 What Happens When a Solid Dissolves in Water?, 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.14 The Solubility Product Expression, 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.15 The Relationship Between K\u003csub\u003esp\u003c\/sub\u003e and the Solubility of a Salt, 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.16 The Role of the Ion Product (Q\u003csub\u003esp\u003c\/sub\u003e) in Solubility Calculations, 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.17 The Common-Ion Effect, 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Acids and Bases 468\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Properties of Acids and Bases, 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 The Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases, 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 The Brønsted–Lowry Definition of Acids and Bases, 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Conjugate Acid–Base Pairs, 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 The Role of Water in the Brønsted Model, 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 To What Extent Does Water Dissociate to Form Ions?, 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 pH as a Measure of the Concentration of the H\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csup\u003e+\u003c\/sup\u003e Ion, 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases, 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acid–Base Pairs, 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Relative Strengths of Different Acids and Bases, 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Relationship of Structure to Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases, 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Strong Acid pH Calculations, 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.13 Weak Acid pH Calculations, 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14 Base pH Calculations, 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.15 Mixtures of Acids and Bases: Buffers, 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.16 Buffers and Buffer Capacity, 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.17 Buffers in the Body, 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.18 Acid–Base Reactions, 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.19 pH Titration Curves, 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Topics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11A.1 Diprotic Acids, 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11A.2 Diprotic Bases, 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11A.3 Compounds That Could Be Either Acids or Bases, 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 540\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Common Oxidation–Reduction Reactions, 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Determining Oxidation Numbers, 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Recognizing Oxidation–Reduction Reactions, 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Voltaic Cells, 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Standard Cell Potentials, 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Oxidizing and Reducing Agents, 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Relative Strengths of Oxidizing and Reducing Agents, 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Batteries, 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Electrochemical Cells at Nonstandard Conditions: The Nernst Equation, 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Electrolysis and Faraday’s Law, 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Electrolysis of Molten NaCl, 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12 Electrolysis of Aqueous NaCl, 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13 Electrolysis of Water, 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14 The Hydrogen Economy, 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Topics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.A1 Balancing Oxidation–Reduction Equations, 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.A2 Redox Reactions in Acidic Solutions, 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.A3 Redox Reactions in Basic Solutions, 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.A4 Molecular Redox Reactions, 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 Chemical Thermodynamics 594\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Spontaneous Chemical and Physical Processes, 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Entropy and Disorder, 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics, 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Standard-State Entropies of Reaction, 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 The Third Law of Thermodynamics, 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Calculating Entropy Changes for Chemical Reactions, 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Gibbs Free Energy, 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 The Effect of Temperature on the Free Energy of a Reaction, 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Beware of Oversimplifications, 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Standard-State Free Energies of Reaction, 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.11 Equilibria Expressed in Partial Pressures, 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.12 Interpreting Standard-State Free Energy of Reaction Data, 619\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.13 The Relationship between Free Energy and Equilibrium Constants, 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.14 The Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Constants, 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.15 Gibbs Free Energies of Formation and Absolute Entropies, 630\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 Kinetics 640\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 The Forces That Control a Chemical Reaction, 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Chemical Kinetics, 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Is the Rate of Reaction Constant?, 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Instantaneous Rates of Reaction, 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Rate Laws and Rate Constants, 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 The Rate Law Versus the Stoichiometry of a Reaction, 646\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Order and Molecularity, 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 A Collision Theory Model of Chemical Reactions, 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 The Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions, 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 Zero-Order Reactions, 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.11 Determining the Order of a Reaction from Rates of Reaction, 655\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12 The Integrated Form of Zero-, First-, and Second-Order Rate Laws, 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.13 Determining the Order of a Reaction with the Integrated Form of Rate Laws 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.14 Reactions That Are First-Order in Two Reactants, 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.15 The Activation Energy of Chemical Reactions, 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.16 Catalysts and the Rates of Chemical Reactions, 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.17 Determining the Activation Energy of a Reaction, 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.18 The Kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions, 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 675\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Topics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14A.1 Deriving the Integrated Rate Laws, 686\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 Nuclear Chemistry 688\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Radioactivity, 689\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 The Structure of the Atom, 690\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Modes of Radioactive Decay, 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Neutron-Rich Versus Neutron-Poor Nuclides, 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Binding Energy Calculations, 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay, 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Dating by Radioactive Decay, 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Ionizing Versus Nonionizing Radiation, 705\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, 706\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 Natural Versus Induced Radioactivity, 709\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.11 Nuclear Fission, 713\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.12 Nuclear Fusion, 715\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.13 Nuclear Synthesis, 717\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.14 Nuclear Medicine, 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 720\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 Organic Chemistry 723\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 What Is an Organic Compound?, 724\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 The Saturated Hydrocarbons or Alkanes, 726\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Rotation Around C—C Bonds, 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 The Nomenclature of Alkanes, 730\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Alkenes and Alkynes, 733\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives, 735\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 The Chemistry of Petroleum Products, 737\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 The Chemistry of Coal, 740\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Functional Groups, 742\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions, 746\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11 Alkyl Halides, 750\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.12 Alcohols and Ethers, 752\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.13 Aldehydes and Ketones, 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.14 Reactions at the Carbonyl Group, 757\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.15 Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylate Ions, 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.16 Esters, 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.17 Amines, Alkaloids, and Amides, 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.18 Alkene Stereoisomers, 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.19 Stereogenic Atoms, 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.20 Optical Activity, 771\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems, 774\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Systems of Units A-2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe English Units of Measurement A-2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSI Units of Measurement A-3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDerived SI Units A-4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-SI Units A-4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConversion Factors A-5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Uncertainty in Measurement A-6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystematic and Random Errors A-6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccuracy and Precision A-7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Significant figures A-8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddition and Subtraction with Significant Figures A-9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiplication and Division with Significant Figures A-10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRounding Off A-10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.4 Scientific Notation A-10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.5 The Graphical Treatment of Data A-12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.6 Significant Figures and Unit Conversion Worksheet A-15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignificant Figures A-15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCounting Significant Figures in a Measurement A-15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasurements versus Definitions A-18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnit Conversions A-19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.1 Values of Selected Fundamental Constants B-2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.2 Selected Conversion Factors B-2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.3 The Vapor Pressure of Water B-3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.4 Radii of Atoms and Ions B-4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.5 Ionization Energies B-6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.6 Electron Affinities B-8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.7 Electronegativities B-9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.8 Acid-Dissociation Equilibrium Constants B-10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.9 Base-Ionization Equilibrium Constants B-11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.10 Solubility Product Equilibrium Constants B-12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.11 Complex Formation Equilibrium Constants B-13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.12 Standard Reduction Potentials B-14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.13 Standard-State Enthalpies, Free Energies and Entropies of Atom Combination B- 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.14 Bond-Dissociation Enthalpies B-25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.15 Electron Configuration of the First 86 Elements B-26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable B.16 Standard-State Enthalpy of Formation, Free Energy of Formation and Absolute Entropy Data B-28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Selected Problems C-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Checkpoints D-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhoto Credits P-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex I-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModules (available at www.wiley.com\/college\/spencer)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModule 1 Chemistry of the Nonmetals\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModule 2 Transition Metal Chemistry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModule 3 Complex Ion Equilibria\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModule 4 Organic Chemistry: Structure and Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModule 5 Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModule 6 Organic Chemistry: Reaction Mechanisms\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModule 7 Polymer Chemistry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModule 8 Biochemistry\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModule 9 Chemical Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49525381038423,"sku":"9780470587119","price":183.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470587119.jpg?v=1731860296","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/chemistry-9780470587119","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}