{"product_id":"chemical-fundamentals-of-geology-and-environmental-geoscience-9780470656655","title":"Chemical Fundamentals of Geology and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eChemical principles are fundamental to the Earth sciences, and geoscience students increasingly require a firm grasp of basic chemistry to succeed in their studies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"In short, \u003ci\u003eChemical Fundamentals of Geology and Environmental Geoscience\u003c\/i\u003e is a highly readable and informative textbook that will quickly introduce students, even those without any background in chemistry, to the fundamental scientific principles of chemistry as it relates to geology and earth systems.\"\u003cbr\u003e(\u003ci\u003eTundraco\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 October 2015)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"The book is beautifully produced with clear text, together with well-drawn and informative diagrams.\"\u003cbr\u003e(\u003ci\u003eProceedings of the Open University Geological Society 2\u003c\/i\u003e, 2016)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Gill's revised edition continues to provide a solid and readily comprehensible introduction to the scientific principles of chemistry underpinning geology and environmental Earth science.\"\u003cbr\u003e(\u003ci\u003eGeoscientist,\u003c\/i\u003e Nov 2016)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION x\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE xiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 ENERGY IN GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy in mechanical systems 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy in chemical and mineral systems: free energy 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStable, unstable and metastable minerals 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 EQUILIBRIUM IN GEOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 14\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe significance of mineral stability 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystems, phases and components 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquilibrium 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhase diagrams in P–T space 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhase diagrams in T–X space 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTernary phase diagrams 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of thermodynamic data for minerals 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 KINETICS OF EARTH PROCESSES 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefining the rate of a reaction 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperature-dependence of reaction rate 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiffusion 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMelt viscosity 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistence of metastable minerals: closure temperature 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND THE HYDROSPHERE 60\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWays of expressing the concentrations of major constituents 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquilibrium constant 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-ideal solutions: activity coefficient 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural waters 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxidation and reduction: Eh-pH diagrams 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 ELECTRONS IN ATOMS 82\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy does a geologist need to understand atoms? 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe atom 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStationary waves 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectron waves in atoms 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe shapes of electron orbitals 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectron energy levels 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM THE PERIODIC TABLE 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIonization energy 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Periodic Table 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectronegativity 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValency 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtomic spectra 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 CHEMICAL BONDING AND THE PROPERTIES OF MINERALS 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ionic model of bonding 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe covalent model of bonding 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBonding in minerals 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther types of atomic and molecular interaction 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 SILICATE CRYSTALS AND MELTS 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicate polymers 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCation sites in silicates 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptical properties of crystals 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefects in crystals 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 SOME GEOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT ELEMENTS 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMajor and trace elements 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlkali metals 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrogen 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlkaline earth metals 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAluminium 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbon 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen and phosphorus 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygen 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSulfur 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluorine 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNoble gases 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransition metals 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRare earth elements 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActinides 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM ISOTOPES? 178\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsotope systems 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiogenic isotope systems 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStable isotope systems 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCosmogenic radioisotope systems 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 THE ELEMENTS IN THE UNIVERSE 206\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe significance of element abundance 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasuring cosmic and Solar System abundances 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe composite abundance curve 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCosmic element production 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElements in the Solar System 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical evolution of the Earth 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eANSWERS TO EXERCISES 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAPPENDIX A: Mathematics revision 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAPPENDIX B: Simple solution chemistry 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAPPENDIX C: Alphabetical list of chemical abbreviations and element names, with atomic number and relative atomic mass 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAPPENDIX D: Symbols, units, constants and abbreviations used in this book 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eREFERENCES 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eINDEX 261\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49371717271895,"sku":"9780470656655","price":37.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470656655.jpg?v=1730154281","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/chemical-fundamentals-of-geology-and-environmental-geoscience-9780470656655","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}