{"product_id":"cementitious-materials-for-nuclear-waste-immobilization-9781118512005","title":"Cementitious Materials for Nuclear Waste","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCementitious materials are an essential part in any radioactive waste disposal facility. Conditioning processes such as cementation are used to convert waste into a stable solid form that is insoluble and will prevent dispersion to the surrounding environment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Background of Nuclear Waste Problem 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Nuclear Industry Facilities 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 NFC Facilities 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Radioisotope Production and Application 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Nuclear Waste Sources and Classification 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Nuclear Waste Management 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Development of Policy Principles, Strategy and Legal Framework 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Technical Options for a Waste Management System 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Technical Factors that Affect Technology Selection 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Wasteform Materials 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Cements: Portland Cement 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Cements 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Portland Cement: Manufacture, Mineral Composition, Properties 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Phase and Mineral Composition of Ordinary Portland Cement 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Properties of Portland Cement 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Hydration of Portland Cement 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Hydration and Hydraulic Activity of Clinker Phases and Portland Cement 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Process Chemistry, Products and Hydration Stages 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Microstructure, Phases and Properties of Fresh and Hardened Cement Paste 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Interaction of Portland Cements with Water and Soil 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Ground Waters and Their Interaction with Cement Hydration Products 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Soil and Its Interaction with Cement Hydration Products 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Portland Cements with Mineral and Chemical Admixtures 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Chemical Admixtures to Control the Structure and Properties of Portland Cements 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Accelerators 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Retarders 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Plasticizers, Super-Plasticizers and Hyperplasticizers 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Mineral Admixtures in the Control of the Composition, Structure and Properties of Cements 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Classification of Mineral Admixtures for Cements 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Portland Cements with Mineral Admixtures from Natural Rocks and Minerals 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Portland Cements with Mineral Admixtures from Wastes of Various Industries 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Portland Cements with Synthetic Mineral Admixtures 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Portland Cements with Hybrid Mineral and Organic-Mineral Admixtures 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Alternative Binders 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Calcium Aluminate Cements 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of CACs 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Hardening of CACs 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Properties of CACs 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cements 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Chemical and Mineralogical Composition of CSACs 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Hardening of CSACs 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Properties of CSACs 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Phosphate Cements 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Properties of Phosphate Cements 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Magnesium Phosphate Cements 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Calcium Phosphate Cements 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Alkali-Activated Cements 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Cement Properties, Characterization and Testing 105\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Water\/Cement Ratio, Water Requirement, Workability and Water Retention 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Setting Time 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Specific Surface Area and Particle Size Distribution 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Heat Evolution 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Strength 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Freeze–Thaw Resistance 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Microstructure and Analysis 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Radioactive Waste Cementation 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Radioactive Waste Streams for Cementation 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Liquid Waste 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Organic Liquid Waste for Cementation 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Aqueous Waste for Cementation 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Bulk Solid Radioactive Wastes 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Bulk Metallic Wastes 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Bulk Concrete Wastes 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Bulk Graphite 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Bulk Hazardous Wastes 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Fragmented (Dispersed) Solid Wastes 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Compactable, Combustible Wastes 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Non-compactable, Non-combustible Wastes 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Additives for Radioactive Waste Cementation 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Lime 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Blast Furnace Slag 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Clay Minerals 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Cement-Based Composite Materials 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Cement-Based Wasteform Optimization 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Waste Cementation Technology 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Methods of Liquid Waste Cementation 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Regular Mixer Technology 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Disposable Stirrer Technology 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Slant Mixer Technology 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 High Energy and High Shear Mixer Technology 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.5 In-line Mixing Technology 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Methods for Cementation of Fragmented (Dispersed) Solid Waste 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Methods for Cementation of Bulk Solid Waste 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Quality Control of Technological Processes and Materials Obtained 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Cementitious Wasteform Durability 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Wasteform Durability Requirements 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Role of Material Performance 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Expected Performance of Cements 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Wasteform Leaching Parameters 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Laboratory Tests 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Long-Term Field Tests 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Mound Type Repository Field Tests 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Vault Repository Field Tests 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Effect of Radiation 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Biological Effects 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Role of Filling Materials 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Performance Assessment 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Historical Disposal Practice 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Disposal Facility Design 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Shallow Land Disposal Options 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Underground Disposal Option 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Modelling Approaches 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Performance Assessment 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Safety Case 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Future Trends and Concluding Remarks 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Role of Cementitious Materials 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Novel Cementitious Materials 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Concluding Remarks 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 227\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default 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