{"product_id":"carotenoids-9781118622261","title":"Carotenoids","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eCarotenoids are an essential component of the human diet. Bioactive by nature, they are rich in antioxidants, promote vitamin A activity and lower the development of chronic illnesses. As such they are an area of growing interest to researchers and scientists who are working to design, develop and launch new functional food products, dietary supplements and other nutritional solutions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eCarotenoids: Nutrition, Analysis and Technology\u003c\/i\u003e is an up-to-date overview of the key areas of carotenoids in nutrition, therapy and technology. In the first section, the authors present a functional food perspective, outlining the therapeutic applications of the bioactive pigments. The second part is dedicated to the spectroscopic analysis of carotenoids, providing in-depth scientific methods and real research findings. In the final section, various technological applications of carotenoids are considered, including biotechnology and future prospects.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eWritten by international exp\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Carotenoids: Overview of Nomenclature, Structures, Occurrence, and Functions 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eAgnieszka Kaczor, Malgorzata Baranska, and Krzysztof Czamara\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Nomenclature and structures 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Occurrence and functions 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Functions in plants 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Antioxidants in humans 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Role in visual and cognitive function 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Carotenoids in human skin 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Signaling function 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.6 Industrial applications 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.7 Carotenoids of specified properties 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Therapy 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Role of Antioxidants in Prevention of Premature Skin Aging 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJürgen Lademann, Maxim Evgen’evich Darvin, Fanny Knorr, Sascha Jung, Leonhard Zastrow, and Martina Claudia Meinke\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 State of the art 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Solar radiation and skin aging 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Carotenoids and the antioxidants of the human skin 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Factors influencing the antioxidant status of the skin 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Antioxidants and sun protection 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Antioxidants and skin aging 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 Investigations into the antioxidant status of high school students 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.7 Accumulation of antioxidants in human skin by systemic and topical application 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8 Ethnic influences on the antioxidant status 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.9 The antioxidant status in pregnant women and neonates 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Summary 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Antitumor Activity of Dietary Carotenoids, and Prospects for Applications in Therapy: Carotenoids and Cancer by Raman Imaging 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eHalina Abramczyk and Jakub Surmacki\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Results 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Conclusions 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Perspectives 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Photoprotection and Radiation Protection by Dietary Carotenoids 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFritz Boehm, Ruth Edge, Terence George Truscott, and Christian Witt\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Carotenoids and singlet oxygen 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Organic solvents 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Cell models 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Cells 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Radicals 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Radical cations 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Carotenoid–radical adducts 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Neutral radicals 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Radical anions 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 The interaction of CARs with the superoxide radical and its protonated conjugated acid 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Future prospects and challenges 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Conclusion 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Macular Carotenoids: Human Health Aspects 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAruna Gorusupudi and Paul S. Bernstein\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Macular pigment distribution 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Human health aspects 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Age]related macular degeneration (AMD) 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Macular carotenoid absorption 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Stereochemistry and metabolism of macular carotenoids 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Measurement of macular carotenoids 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Conclusions and perspectives 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Spectroscopy 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Vibrational Spectroscopy as a Tool to Investigate Carotenoids 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJan Cz. Dobrowolski\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Vibrations of carotenoids 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Geometry 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Geometrical cis]trans isomerism 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Syn]periplanar (s]cis) or anti]periplanar (s]trans) conformations 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 π]electron delocalization 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 The nature, shape, and energy of the electronic ground and excited states 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 Electron affinity, ionization, reduction, and oxidation potentials 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.7 The nature and shape of molecular vibrations and vibrational coupling patterns 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.8 The role of methyl groups attached to the polyene chain and the end groups 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Recent applications of vibrational spectroscopy to study natural carotenoids 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Bacteria lichens and algae 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Corals and pearls 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Art and archeology 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Perspectives 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Structural Studies of Carotenoids in Plants, Animals, and Food Products 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTakashi Maoka\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Extraction and pre]preparation of carotenoids 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Chromatography and separation of carotenoids 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Column chromatography and thin]layer chromatography 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 High]performance liquid chromatography 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Quantification of carotenoids 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Identification and structural elucidation of carotenoids 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Chemical dramatization 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 UV]Vis, IR, and Raman spectrometry 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Mass spectrometry 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 NMR spectrometry 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Determination of absolute configuration of carotenoids 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 NMR spectrometry using the modified Mosher method 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Synthetic approach 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 X]ray crystallography 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.5 Examples of structural determination of natural carotenoids 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Conclusion (future prospects and challenges) 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 In Situ Studies of Carotenoids in Plants and Animals 131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMalgorzata Baranska, Jan Cz. Dobrowolski, and Grzegorz Zajac\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Plants 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Animals 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Humans 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Skin 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Macular pigment 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Carotenoids in single human cells 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Perspectives 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Carotenoids in Pigment–Protein Complexes: Relation between Carotenoid Structure and Function 147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eWieslaw I. Gruszecki\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Biological functions of carotenoids 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Carotenoids in pigment–protein complexes 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Final remarks 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Perspectives 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Technology 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Plants 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRafal Baranski and Christopher I. Cazzonelli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Biosynthetic pathways 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Occurrence in nature 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Cellular localization and compartmentalization 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Pathways to generate isoprenoid precursors for carotenoid biosynthesis 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.4 The main pathway toward carotenoid biosynthesis 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.5 Specialty branches of the pathway 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Cross]talk between and within the carotenoid and MEP pathways 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Environmental and developmental control 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Regulation by epigenetic and posttranscriptional mechanisms 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Carotenoids in plastid biogenesis, differentiation, and control 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Enzyme localization and metabolon compartmentalization 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Carotenoid degradation and production of signaling metabolites 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Biofortification and health perspectives 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Carotenoid Bioavailability from the Food Matrix: Toward Efficient Extraction Procedures 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eHartwig Schulz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Occurrence of carotenoids in food materials 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Bioavailability and bioefficiency of carotenoids 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Extraction of carotenoids from various food matrices 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Conclusions 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Perspectives 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Carotenoid Production by Bacteria, Microalgae, and Fungi 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRalf Martin Schweiggert and Reinhold Carle\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Microbial biosynthesis of carotenoids 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Carotenoid]rich microorganisms 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Microalgae 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Yeasts and filamentous fungi 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Bacteria 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Selected examples of biotechnological carotenoid production 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Production of β]carotene 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Production of astaxanthin 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Production of lycopene 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Production of lutein and zeaxanthin 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Perspectives and conclusions 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Impact of Stress Factors on Carotenoid Composition, Structures, and Bioavailability in Microbial Sources 241\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAgnieszka Kaczor and Marta Z. Pacia\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Light 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Temperature 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Carbon and nitrogen sources 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Aerobic versus anaerobic conditions 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Inorganic and organic salts 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Other chemical agents 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 pH 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Multiple stress factors 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Perspectives and conclusions 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Syntheses with Carotenoids 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eHans]Richard Sliwka and Vassilia Partali\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Reaction with double bonds 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Hydrogenation 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Halogenation 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Oxidation 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 Electron transfer from and to carotenoids 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 Iron carbonyl 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.6 Nitration 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.7 In]chain modification 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Transformation of substituents 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 −C=O → −C=C− 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 −CH=O → CH=S 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 −C=O → −C=S 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.4 −C=O → −C−OH 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.5 Inversion of −OH 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.6 −OH → −F, −Cl, −Br, and −I 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.7 −OH → −SR, −SCN, −SH, −N2, −NH2, and −SeR 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.8 −OH → −OR 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.9 −OH → glycosides 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.10 Reactions with carotenoid epoxides 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.11 Reactions with halogen carotenoids 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.12 Metal complexes with carotenols, carotenals, and carotenones 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Preparative derivatization 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Syntheses with carotenoid acids and carotenols 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 −COOH → −COCl 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 −COOH → COO− M+ 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.3 −COOH → COOR 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.4 −COOR → −COOH 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.5 −COOH → −CONH2 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.6 −COOH → −CO−O−OC− (carotenoid anhydrides) 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Carotenoid reactions with Au 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Valuation and conclusion 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 291\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49528833278295,"sku":"9781118622261","price":119.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118622261.jpg?v=1731873199","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/carotenoids-9781118622261","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}