{"product_id":"campbell-biology-campbell-biology-series-9780134093413","title":"Campbell Biology Campbell Biology Series","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLisa A. Urry\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp style=\"margin:0px;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp style=\"margin:0px;\"\u003eLisa Urry (Chapter 1 and Units 1, 2, and 3) is Professor of Biology and Chair of the Biology Department at Mills College in Oakland, California, and a Visiting Scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. After graduating from Tufts University with a double major in biology and French, Lisa completed her Ph.D. in molecular and developmental biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the MIT\/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program. She has published a number of research papers, most of them focused on gene expression during embryonic and larval development in sea urchins. Lisa has taught a variety of courses, from introductory biology to developmental biology and senior seminar. As a part of her mission to increase understanding of evolution, Lisa also teaches a nonmajors course called Evolution for Future Presidents and is on the Teacher Advisory Board for the Understanding Evolution webs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1  Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInquiring About Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 1.1 The study of life reveals common themes \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 1.2 The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 1.3 In studying nature, scientists make observations and form and test hypotheses \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 1.4 Science benefits from a cooperative approach and diverse viewpoints \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 1  THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2  The Chemical Context of Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Chemical Connection to Biology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 2.2 An element’s properties depend on the structure of its atoms \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 2.3 The formation and function of molecules depend on chemical bonding between atoms \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 2.4 Chemical reactions make and break chemical bonds \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3  Water and Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Molecule That Supports All of Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 3.1 Polar covalent bonds in water molecules result in hydrogen bonding \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 3.2 Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth’s suitability for life \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 3.3 Acidic and basic conditions affect living organisms \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4  Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCarbon: The Backbone of Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 4.1 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 4.2 Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 4.3 A few chemical groups are key to molecular function \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5  The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Molecules of Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 5.2 Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 5.3 Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 5.4 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 5.5 Nucleic acids store, transmit, and help express hereditary information \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 5.6 Genomics and proteomics have transformed biological inquiry and applications \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 2  THE CELL \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6  A Tour of the Cell\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Fundamental Units of Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 6.1 Biologists use microscopes and biochemistry to study cells \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 6.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 6.3 The eukaryotic cell’s genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus and carried out by the ribosomes \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 6.4 The endomembrane system regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 6.5 Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 6.6 The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 6.7 Extracellular components and connections between cells help coordinate cellular activities \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 6.8 A cell is greater than the sum of its parts\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7  Membrane Structure and Function\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLife at the Edge\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 7.3 Passive transport is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 7.4 Active transport uses energy to move solutes against their gradients \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 7.5 Bulk transport across the plasma membrane occurs by exocytosis and endocytosis \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8  An Introduction to Metabolism\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Energy of Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 8.1 An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 8.2 The free-energy change of a reaction tells us whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 8.3 ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 8.4 Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 8.5 Regulation of enzyme activity helps control metabolism \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9  Cellular Respiration and Fermentation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLife Is Work\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 9.2 Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 9.3 After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 9.4 During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 9.5 Fermentation and anaerobic respiration enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 9.6 Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10  Photosynthesis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Process That Feeds the Biosphere\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 10.1 Photosynthesis converts light energy to the chemical energy of food \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 10.2 The light reactions convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 10.3 The Calvin cycle uses the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e to sugar \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 10.4 Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation have evolved in hot, arid climates\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 10.5Life depends on photosynthesis  \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11  Cell Communication\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCellular Messaging\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 11.1 External signals are converted to responses within the cell \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 11.2 Reception: A signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein, causing it to change shape \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 11.3 Transduction: Cascades of molecular interactions relay signals from receptors to target molecules in the cell \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 11.4 Response: Cell signaling leads to regulation of transcription or cytoplasmic activities \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 11.5 Apoptosis integrates multiple cell-signaling pathways \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12  The Cell Cycle\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Key Roles of Cell Division\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 12.1 Most cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 12.2 The mitotic phase alternates with interphase in the cell cycle \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 12.3 The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by a molecular control system \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 3  GENETICS \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13  Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVariations on a Theme\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 13.2 Fertilization and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 13.3 Meiosis reduces the number of chromosome sets from diploid to haploid \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 13.4 Genetic variation produced in sexual life cycles contributes to evolution \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14  Mendel and the Gene Idea\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDrawing from the Deck of Genes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 14.1 Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 14.2 Probability laws govern Mendelian inheritance \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 14.3 Inheritance patterns are often more complex than predicted by simple Mendelian genetics \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 14.4 Many human traits follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLocating Genes Along Chromosomes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 15.1 Morgan showed that Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes: \u003ci\u003escientific inquiry\u003c\/i\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 15.2 Sex-linked genes exhibit unique patterns of inheritance \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 15.3 Linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are located near each other on the same chromosome \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 15.4 Alterations of chromosome number or structure cause some genetic disorders \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 15.5 Some inheritance patterns are exceptions to standard Mendelian inheritance \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16  The Molecular Basis of Inheritance\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLife’s Operating Instructions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 16.1 DNA is the genetic material \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 16.2 Many proteins work together in DNA replication and repair \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 16.3 A chromosome consists of a DNA molecule packed together with proteins \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17  Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Flow of Genetic Information\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 17.1 Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 17.2 Transcription is the DNA-directed synthesis of RNA: \u003ci\u003ea closer look\u003c\/i\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 17.3 Eukaryotic cells modify RNA after transcription \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 17.4 Translation is the RNA-directed synthesis of a polypeptide: \u003ci\u003ea closer look\u003c\/i\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 17.5 Mutations of one or a few nucleotides can affect protein structure and function \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18  Regulation of Gene Expression\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeauty in the Eye of the Beholder\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 18.1 Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating transcription \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 18.2 Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated at many stages \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 18.3 Noncoding RNAs play multiple roles in controlling gene expression \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 18.4 A program of differential gene expression leads to the different cell types in a multicellular organism \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 18.5 Cancer results from genetic changes that affect cell cycle control \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19  Viruses\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Borrowed Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 19.1 A virus consists of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 19.2 Viruses replicate only in host cells \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 19.3 Viruses and prions are formidable pathogens in animals and plants \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20  DNA Tools and Biotechnology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe DNA Toolbox\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 20.1 DNA sequencing and DNA cloning are valuable tools for genetic engineering and biological inquiry \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 20.2 Biologists use DNA technology to study gene expression and function \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 20.3 Cloned organisms and stem cells are useful for basic research and other applications \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 20.4 The practical applications of DNA-based biotechnology affect our lives in many ways \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21  Genomes and Their Evolution\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReading the Leaves from the Tree of Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 21.1 The Human Genome Project fostered development of faster, less expensive sequencing techniques \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 21.2 Scientists use bioinformatics to analyze genomes and their functions \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 21.3 Genomes vary in size, number of genes, and gene density \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 21.4 Multicellular eukaryotes have a lot of noncoding DNA and many multigene families \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 21.5 Duplication, rearrangement, and mutation of DNA contribute to genome evolution \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 21.6 Comparing genome sequences provides clues to evolution and development \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 4  MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22  Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEndless Forms Most Beautiful\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 22.1 The Darwinian revolution challenged traditional views of a young Earth inhabited by unchanging species\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 22.2 Descent with modification by natural selection explains the adaptations of organisms and the unity and diversity of life \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 22.3 Evolution is supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23  The Evolution of Populations\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Smallest Unit of Evolution\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 23.1 Genetic variation makes evolution possible\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 23.2 The Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to test whether a population is evolving \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 23.3 Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can alter allele frequencies in a population \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 23.4 Natural selection is the only mechanism that consistently causes adaptive evolution \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24  The Origin of Species\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThat “Mystery of Mysteries”\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 24.1 The biological species concept emphasizes reproductive isolation \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 24.2 Speciation can take place with or without geographic separation \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 24.3 Hybrid zones reveal factors that cause reproductive isolation \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 24.4 Speciation can occur rapidly or slowly and can result from changes in few or many genes \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25  The History of Life on Earth\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Surprise in the Desert \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 25.1 Conditions on early Earth made the origin of life possible \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 25.2 The fossil record documents the history of life \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 25.3 Key events in life’s history include the origins of unicellular and multicellular organisms and the colonization of land \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 25.4 The rise and fall of groups of organisms reflect differences in speciation and extinction rates \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 25.5 Major changes in body form can result from changes in the sequences and regulation of developmental genes \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 25.6 Evolution is not goal oriented \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 5  THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26  Phylogeny and the Tree of Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInvestigating the Tree of Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 26.1 Phylogenies show evolutionary relationships \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 26.2 Phylogenies are inferred from morphological and molecular data\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 26.3 Shared characters are used to construct phylogenetic trees \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 26.4 An organism’s evolutionary history is documented in its genome \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 26.5 Molecular clocks help track evolutionary time \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 26.6 Our understanding of the tree of life continues to change based on new data \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27  Bacteria and Archaea\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMasters of Adaptation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 27.1 Structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 27.2 Rapid reproduction, mutation, and genetic recombination promote genetic diversity in prokaryotes \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 27.3 Diverse nutritional and metabolic adaptations have evolved in prokaryotes \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 27.4 Prokaryotes have radiated into a diverse set of lineages \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 27.5 Prokaryotes play crucial roles in the biosphere \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 27.6 Prokaryotes have both beneficial and harmful impacts on humans \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28  Protists\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLiving Small\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 28.1 Most eukaryotes are single-celled organisms \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 28.2 Excavates include protists with modified mitochondria and protists with unique flagella \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 28.3 SAR is a highly diverse group of protists defined by DNA similarities \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 28.4 Red algae and green algae are the closest relatives of land plants \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 28.5 Unikonts include protists that are closely related to fungi and animals \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 28.6 Protists play key roles in ecological communities \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29  Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Greening of Earth\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 29.1 Plants evolved from green algae \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 29.2 Mosses and other nonvascular plants have life cycles dominated by gametophytes \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 29.3 Ferns and other seedless vascular plants were the first plants to grow tall \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30  Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransforming the World\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 30.1 Seeds and pollen grains are key adaptations for life on land \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 30.2 Gymnosperms bear “naked” seeds, typically on cones \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 30.3 The reproductive adaptations of angiosperms include flowers and fruits \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 30.4 Human welfare depends on seed plants \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e31  Fungi\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMighty Mushrooms\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 31.1 Fungi are heterotrophs that feed by absorption \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 31.2 Fungi produce spores through sexual or asexual life cycles \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 31.3 The ancestor of fungi was an aquatic, single-celled, flagellated protist \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 31.4 Fungi have radiated into a diverse set of lineages \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 31.5 Fungi play key roles in nutrient cycling, ecological interactions, and human welfare \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32  An Overview of Animal Diversity\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Kingdom of Consumers\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 32.1 Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 32.2 The history of animals spans more than half a billion years \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 32.3 Animals can be characterized by “body plans” \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCONCEPT 32.4 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eViews of animal phylogeny continue to be shaped by new molecular and morphological data\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e33  An Introduction to Invertebrates\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Dragon Without a Backbone\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 33.1 Sponges are basal animals that lack tissues \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 33.2 Cnidarians are an ancient phylum of eumetazoans \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 33.3 Lophotrochozoans, a clade identified by molecular data, have the widest range of animal body forms \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 33.4 Ecdysozoans are the most species-rich animal group\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 33.5 Echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e34  The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHalf a Billion Years of Backbones\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 34.1 Chordates have a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 34.2 Vertebrates are chordates that have a backbone \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 34.3 Gnathostomes are vertebrates that have jaws \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 34.4 Tetrapods are gnathostomes that have limbs \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 34.5 Amniotes are tetrapods that have a terrestrially adapted egg \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 34.6 Mammals are amniotes that have hair and produce milk \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 34.7 Humans are mammals that have a large brain and bipedal locomotion \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 6  PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e35  Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAre Plants Computers?\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 35.1 Plants have a hierarchical organization consisting of organs, tissues, and cells \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 35.2 Different meristems generate new cells for primary and secondary growth \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 35.3 Primary growth lengthens roots and shoots \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 35.4 Secondary growth increases the diameter of stems and roots in woody plants \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 35.5 Growth, morphogenesis, and cell differentiation produce the plant body \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e36  Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Whole Lot of Shaking Going On\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 36.1 Adaptations for acquiring resources were key steps in the evolution of vascular plants \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 36.2 Different mechanisms transport substances over short or long distances \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 36.3 Transpiration drives the transport of water and minerals from roots to shoots via the xylem \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 36.4 The rate of transpiration is regulated by stomata \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 36.5 Sugars are transported from sources to sinks via the phloem \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 36.6 The symplast is highly dynamic \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e37  Soil and Plant Nutrition\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Corkscrew Carnivore\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 37.1 Soil contains a living, complex ecosystem\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 37.2 Plant roots absorb essential elements from the soil\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 37.3 Plant nutrition often involves relationships with other organisms \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e38  Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFlowers of Deceit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 38.1 Flowers, double fertilization, and fruits are key features of the angiosperm life cycle \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 38.2 Flowering plants reproduce sexually, asexually, or both \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 38.3 People modify crops by breeding and genetic engineering \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e39  Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStimuli and a Stationary Life\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 39.1 Signal transduction pathways link signal reception to response \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 39.2 Plant hormones help coordinate growth, development, and responses to stimuli \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 39.3 Responses to light are critical for plant success \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 39.4 Plants respond to a wide variety of stimuli other than light\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 39.5 Plants respond to attacks by pathogens and herbivores \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 7  ANIMAL FORM AND FUNCTION \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e40  Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiverse Forms, Common Challenges\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 40.1 Animal form and function are correlated at all levels of organization \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 40.2 Feedback control maintains the internal environment in many animals \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 40.3 Homeostatic processes for thermoregulation involve form, function, and behavior \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 40.4 Energy requirements are related to animal size, activity, and environment \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e41  Animal Nutrition\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Need to Feed\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 41.1 An animal’s diet must supply chemical energy, organic building blocks, and essential nutrients \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 41.2 Food processing involves ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 41.3 Organs specialized for sequential stages of food processing form the mammalian digestive system \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 41.4 Evolutionary adaptations of vertebrate digestive systems correlate with diet \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 41.5 Feedback circuits regulate digestion, energy storage, and appetite \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e42  Circulation and Gas Exchange\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrading Places\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 42.1 Circulatory systems link exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 42.2 Coordinated cycles of heart contraction drive double circulation in mammals \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 42.3 Patterns of blood pressure and flow reflect the structure and arrangement of blood vessels \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 42.4 Blood components function in exchange, transport, and defense \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 42.5 Gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 42.6 Breathing ventilates the lungs \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 42.7 Adaptations for gas exchange include pigments that bind and transport gases \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e43  The Immune System\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRecognition and Response\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 43.1 In innate immunity, recognition and response rely on traits common to groups of pathogens \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 43.2 In adaptive immunity, receptors provide pathogen-specific recognition \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 43.3 Adaptive immunity defends against infection of body fluids and body cells \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 43.4 Disruptions in immune system function can elicit or exacerbate disease \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e44  Osmoregulation and Excretion\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Balancing Act\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 44.1 Osmoregulation balances the uptake and loss of water and solutes \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 44.2 An animal’s nitrogenous wastes reflect its phylogeny and habitat \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 44.3 Diverse excretory systems are variations on a tubular theme \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 44.4 The nephron is organized for stepwise processing of blood filtrate \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 44.5 Hormonal circuits link kidney function, water balance, and blood pressure \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e45  Hormones and the Endocrine System\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Body’s Long-Distance Regulators \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 45.1 Hormones and other signaling molecules bind to target receptors, triggering specific response pathways \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 45.2 Feedback regulation and coordination with the nervous system are common in hormone pathways \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 45.3 Endocrine glands respond to diverse stimuli in regulating homeostasis, development, and behavior \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e46  Animal Reproduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLet Me Count the Ways\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 46.1 Both asexual and sexual reproduction occur in the animal kingdom \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 46.2 Fertilization depends on mechanisms that bring together sperm and eggs of the same species \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 46.3 Reproductive organs produce and transport gametes \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 46.4 The interplay of tropic and sex hormones regulates mammalian reproduction \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 46.5 In placental mammals, an embryo develops fully within the mother’s uterus \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e47  Animal Development\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Body-Building Plan\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 47.1 Fertilization and cleavage initiate embryonic development \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 47.2 Morphogenesis in animals involves specific changes in cell shape, position, and survival \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 47.3 Cytoplasmic determinants and inductive signals regulate cell fate \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e48  Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLines of Communication\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 48.1 Neuron structure and organization reflect function in information transfer \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 48.2 Ion pumps and ion channels establish the resting potential of a neuron \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 48.3 Action potentials are the signals conducted by axons \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 48.4 Neurons communicate with other cells at synapses \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e49  Nervous Systems\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCommand and Control Center\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 49.1 Nervous systems consist of circuits of neurons and supporting cells \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 49.2 The vertebrate brain is regionally specialized \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 49.3 The cerebral cortex controls voluntary movement and cognitive functions \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 49.4 Changes in synaptic connections underlie memory and learning \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 49.5 Many nervous system disorders can be explained in molecular terms \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50  Sensory and Motor Mechanisms\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSense and Sensibility\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 50.1 Sensory receptors transduce stimulus energy and transmit signals to the central nervous system \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 50.2 In hearing and equilibrium, mechanoreceptors detect moving fluid or settling particles \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 50.3 The diverse visual receptors of animals depend on light-absorbing pigments\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 50.4 The senses of taste and smell rely on similar sets of sensory receptors \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 50.5 The physical interaction of protein filaments is required for muscle function\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 50.6 Skeletal systems transform muscle contraction into locomotion \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e51  Animal Behavior\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe How and Why of Animal Activity\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 51.1 Discrete sensory inputs can stimulate both simple and complex behaviors \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 51.2 Learning establishes specific links between experience and behavior \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 51.3 Selection for individual survival and reproductive success can explain diverse behaviors \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 51.4 Genetic analyses and the concept of inclusive fitness provide a basis for studying the evolution of behavior \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNIT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e 8  ECOLOGY \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e52  An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiscovering Ecology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 52.1 Earth’s climate varies by latitude and season and is changing rapidly \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 52.2 The distribution of terrestrial biomes is controlled by climate and disturbance \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 52.3 Aquatic biomes are diverse and dynamic systems that cover most of Earth\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 52.4 Interactions between organisms and the environment limit the distribution of species \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 52.5Ecological change and evolution affect one another over long and short periods of time\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e53  Population Ecology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTurtle Tracks\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 53.1 Biotic and abiotic factors affectpopulation density, dispersion, and demographics \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 53.2 The exponential model describes population growth in an idealized, unlimited environment \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 53.3 The logistic model describes how a population grows more slowly as it nears its carrying capacity \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 53.4 Life history traits are products of natural selection \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 53.5 Density-dependent factors regulate population growth\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 53.6 The human population is no longer growing exponentially but is still increasing rapidly \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e54  Community Ecology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCommunities in Motion\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 54.1 Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 54.2 Diversity and trophic structure characterize biological communities \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 54.3 Disturbance influences species diversity and composition \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 54.4 Biogeographic factors affect community diversity \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 54.5 Pathogens alter community structure locally and globally \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e55  Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransformed to Tundra\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 55.1 Physical laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling in ecosystems \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 55.2 Energy and other limiting factors control primary production in ecosystems \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 55.3 Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 55.4 Biological and geochemical processes cycle nutrients and water in ecosystems \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 55.5 Restoration ecologists return degraded ecosystems to a more natural state \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e56  Conservation Biology and Global Change\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePsychedelic Treasure\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 56.1 Human activities threaten Earth’s biodiversity \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 56.2 Population conservation focuses on population size, genetic diversity, and critical habitat \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 56.3 Landscape and regional conservation help sustain biodiversity \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 56.4 Earth is changing rapidly as a result of human actions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCONCEPT 56.5 Sustainable development can improve human lives while conserving biodiversity \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pearson Education","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51036419490135,"sku":"9780134093413","price":216.12,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780134093413.jpg?v=1750932030","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/campbell-biology-campbell-biology-series-9780134093413","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}