{"product_id":"building-materials-9781498714938","title":"Building Materials","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe construction industry is bombarded with ever-changing building materialscomponents of which are more and more difficult, if not impossible, to identify. Building material emissions have been implicated as a major source of indoor air pollution, and toxic gases, often unidentified, are generated in building fires. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuilding Materials: \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eProduct Emission and Combustion Health Hazards \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eundertakes the task of identifying building materials emission and combustion health hazards. This practical guide introduces the complex world of polymers commonly used in building materials along with plasticizers and additives that are not regulated by OSHA. It also explores the topic of building materials as they relate to function and their emissions\/combustion products along with thermal decomposition and combustion products as they relate to fire first responders. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEngaging environmental professionals, construction management firms, architects\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Dr. Hess-Kosa’s book provides…a searchlight of clear, expert information that guides the reader through natural and synthetic building materials, their uses, properties, emissions, and risks. This book is an heir to Rachel Carlson (Silent Spring) and Theo Colborn (Our Stolen Future) but with a new turn: from building foundation to chimney top the author describes hundreds of classes and specific building materials, explaining their potential hazards. Everyone who builds, renovates, enters, works in or lives in buildings, as well as anyone who studies the safety of the building environment will find this work invaluable.\" \u003cbr\u003e—Daniel Friedman, InspectApedia.com, Poughkeepsie New York, USA\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"This would be an excellent resource for anyone concerned about exposure to chemicals released from building materials (including furnishings and even consumer products). This includes architects, contactors, health professionals and building managers. Also building office occupants themselves and homeowners who are exposed daily to the indoor environment. The general public and responders such as firefighters are exposed to smoke and fumes emitted from building materials in case of fires and would find information presented in this book invaluable.\" \u003cbr\u003e— Charles S. Jamison, The University of Texas at Austin, USA\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eContents\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface.................................................................................................................... xiii\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments.................................................................................................xv\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthor................................................................................................................... xvii\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSection I All Things Considered\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Building Material Components: Old and New, Natural and\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSynthetic............................................................................................................3\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNatural Building Products..............................................................................4\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAsbestos.........................................................................................................5\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLead................................................................................................................7\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCrystalline Silica..........................................................................................8\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNon-Emission Toxins..................................................................................9\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlastics’ Most Notorious..................................................................................9\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFormaldehyde............................................................................................. 10\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eModern Building Materials........................................................................... 11\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary.......................................................................................................... 12\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences........................................................................................................ 13\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Product Emissions and Evolution of Indoor Air Pollution................... 15\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvolution of Public Awareness..................................................................... 16\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTainted Chinese Drywall.......................................................................... 18\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLaminate Flooring.....................................................................................20\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Wonderland of Product Emissions....................................................... 21\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Green Movement.....................................................................................22\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Green Building Council LEED Program.................................22\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Standard for the Design of High-Performance, Green\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuildings: Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings............................... 24\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary..........................................................................................................25\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences........................................................................................................27\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Safety Data Sheets, Green Movement, and More...................................29\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSafety Data Sheets...........................................................................................30\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCalifornia Green Buildings Emissions Testing for VOCs.........................33\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGreen Product Emissions Testing and Certification Programs...............36\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eU.S. EPA Toxic Substances Control Listings and Formaldehyde\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStandards for Composite Wood Products................................................... 41\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInformation and Interpretation Limitations...............................................42\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Movement Banishes Toxin Building Materials...............44\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary..........................................................................................................48\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences........................................................................................................50\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSection II Polymers in Construction\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. Polymers in Our World.................................................................................55\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe World of Polymers...................................................................................56\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Chemistry of Polymers...........................................................................60\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolymerization of Synthetic Polymers.................................................... 61\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Polymeric Backbone........................................................................... 61\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThermoset Plastics versus Thermoplastic.............................................. 62\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMolecular Arrangement and Properties of Thermoplastic\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolymers................................................................................................... 62\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlasticizers and Additives........................................................................63\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHazards of Polymers......................................................................................63\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary..........................................................................................................65\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences........................................................................................................66\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e5. Plastics Commonly Found in Building Materials.................................. 69\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThermoplastic Polymers................................................................................ 70\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene............................................................71\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolycarbonate..............................................................................................72\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolymethyl Methacrylate..........................................................................72\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene................................................................................................73\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolypropylene.............................................................................................75\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyvinyl Chloride.....................................................................................75\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThermoset Plastics..........................................................................................77\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUrea Formaldehyde...................................................................................77\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMelamine Formaldehyde..........................................................................79\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhenol Formaldehyde................................................................................80\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResorcinol Formaldehyde.........................................................................82\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences........................................................................................................82\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6. Polymeric Foams............................................................................................85\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eForemost in Popularity..................................................................................86\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyurethane Foam....................................................................................86\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyisocyanurate Foam............................................................................. 87\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolystyrene Foam.......................................................................................88\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMinor Contributors........................................................................................89\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyvinyl Chloride Foam..........................................................................90\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene Foam..................................................................................... 91\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInfamy Worthy of Mention............................................................................ 91\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUrea Formaldehyde Foam........................................................................92\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary..........................................................................................................93\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences........................................................................................................94\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7. Elastomeric Polymers....................................................................................95\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eButyl Rubber....................................................................................................96\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChlorosulfonated Polyethylene.....................................................................97\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEthylene Polypropylene Diene Monomer Rubber......................................99\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNeoprene Rubber.......................................................................................... 100\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyurea\/Polyaspartic Elastomer............................................................... 101\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSilicone........................................................................................................... 102\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary........................................................................................................ 103\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences...................................................................................................... 103\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8. Plasticizers.................................................................................................... 105\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMost Prominent Plasticizers....................................................................... 106\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhthalates.................................................................................................. 106\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLesser Plasticizers......................................................................................... 110\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrimellitates.............................................................................................. 110\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdipates..................................................................................................... 111\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSebacates.................................................................................................... 111\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaleates..................................................................................................... 112\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBenzoates................................................................................................... 113\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChlorinated Paraffins.............................................................................. 113\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary........................................................................................................ 115\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences...................................................................................................... 115\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9. Plastic Additives.......................................................................................... 117\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStabilizers....................................................................................................... 117\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAntioxidants............................................................................................. 118\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUltraviolet Light Stabilizers.................................................................... 118\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeat Stabilizers......................................................................................... 120\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFlame Retardants..........................................................................................122\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHalogenated Flame Retardants............................................................. 123\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInorganic Flame Retardants................................................................... 125\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhosphorus-Based Flame Retardants................................................... 126\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFillers.............................................................................................................. 127\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFoaming Agents............................................................................................ 128\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhysical Foaming Agents........................................................................ 129\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChemical Foaming Agents..................................................................... 129\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary........................................................................................................ 132\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences...................................................................................................... 133\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSection III Building Materials by Function\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e10. Overview of Building Material Components........................................ 137\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFunction versus Type................................................................................... 137\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eComposition Gone Wild.............................................................................. 138\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eToxins of Old............................................................................................. 138\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolymers Run Amuck.............................................................................. 139\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Brew of Organic Toxins................................................................... 140\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eToxic Metals and Metalloids................................................................... 142\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThermal Decomposition and Combustion................................................ 143\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeating Up: Abundance of Irritants\/Toxins........................................ 143\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCombustion Silent Killers....................................................................... 144\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCarcinogenic Combustion Products Associated with Fires.............. 145\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDioxins, Not to Be Confused with Dioxane......................................... 147\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Ever Present Asbestos...................................................................... 148\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation of Building Material Emitters and the Effect of\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Conditions.......................................................................... 148\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary........................................................................................................ 150\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences...................................................................................................... 151\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e11. Foundations, Framing, Sheathing, and Vapor Barriers....................... 153\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFoundation Components............................................................................. 153\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTimber Piles.............................................................................................. 155\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStone Foundation Building Materials................................................... 156\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConcrete Foundations............................................................................. 156\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConcrete and Steel Support Piles........................................................... 158\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFraming Components................................................................................... 158\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWood Framing.......................................................................................... 158\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConventional Lumber......................................................................... 159\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTreated Lumber................................................................................... 160\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEngineered Lumber Products........................................................... 170\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eComponents, Emissions, and Heat Decomposition By-Products\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eof Lumber.................................................................................................. 172\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSteel Framing............................................................................................ 173\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConcrete Formed Walls........................................................................... 174\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExterior Wall\/Roof Sheathing and Structural Subflooring.................... 175\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAsphalt-Impregnated Fiberboard Sheathing....................................... 175\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlywood Sheathing and Interior Subflooring...................................... 176\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOSB Sheathing and Interior Subflooring.............................................. 177\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGypsum Board Exterior Sheathing....................................................... 177\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCement Board Sheathing and Interior Subflooring............................ 178\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVapor Barriers................................................................................................ 179\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAsphalt-Saturated Felt............................................................................. 181\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlastic Vapor Barriers.............................................................................. 181\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary........................................................................................................ 183\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences...................................................................................................... 183\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12. Exterior Enclosure Components............................................................... 185\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWindows and Doors..................................................................................... 185\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWood.......................................................................................................... 186\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAluminum\/Steel and More.................................................................... 188\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFiberglass................................................................................................... 188\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRigid Vinyl................................................................................................ 189\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHollow Core Door and Window Frame Treatments........................... 190\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlazing Treatments.................................................................................. 191\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRoofing Materials.......................................................................................... 191\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAsphalt Shingles...................................................................................... 192\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWood Shakes and Shingles..................................................................... 192\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eClay and Concrete Tiles.......................................................................... 193\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSlate Tiles................................................................................................... 194\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMetal Sheets and Panels.......................................................................... 194\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuilt-Up Roof............................................................................................ 195\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMB Roof Membranes............................................................................... 197\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSynthetic Roof Membranes..................................................................... 198\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRubber Membranes............................................................................. 198\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThermoplastic Polymer Membranes................................................ 199\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExterior Wall Cladding................................................................................ 201\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSiding and Panels..................................................................................... 201\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMetal..................................................................................................... 202\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWood..................................................................................................... 202\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFiber Cement........................................................................................203\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHardboard............................................................................................203\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVinyl Siding..........................................................................................204\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMasonry Products....................................................................................204\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNatural Stone.......................................................................................204\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrick.......................................................................................................206\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStucco.................................................................................................... 207\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSynthetic\/Faux Walls (e.g., EIFS)........................................................... 207\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinishing Touches.........................................................................................209\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary........................................................................................................209\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences...................................................................................................... 211\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e13. Plumbing, Electrical, and Mechanical Systems.................................... 213\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlumbing: Water and Sewage\/Wastewater Pipes.................................... 214\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMetal Water and Wastewater Pipes....................................................... 216\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlastic Pipes.............................................................................................. 217\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElectricals....................................................................................................... 218\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConductor Insulation............................................................................... 219\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConduit\/Raceways................................................................................... 219\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning.............................................220\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHVAC Thermal\/Acoustical Insulation.................................................. 221\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGuilty by Association: Refrigerant Gases and Heating Fuels...........222\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRefrigerant Gases................................................................................222\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeating Fuels.......................................................................................223\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondensate Water Drains.................................................................. 224\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary........................................................................................................226\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences......................................................................................................227\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e14. Thermal\/Acoustical Insulation and Interior Wall\/Ceiling\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaterials........................................................................................................229\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThermal\/Acoustical Building Insulation..................................................230\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNatural Fibers and Cellulose Insulation...............................................230\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMineral Insulation................................................................................... 232\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFiberglass Insulation...............................................................................233\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpray and Rigid Panel Foam Building Insulation...............................235\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterior Walls and Ceilings.........................................................................236\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGypsum Board.........................................................................................236\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCement Board...........................................................................................238\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLime Plaster...................................................................................................238\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMagnesia Wallboard................................................................................ 239\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSolid Wood and Composite Wood Products........................................ 239\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMined\/Quarried Products...................................................................... 240\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFaux Stone and Stone Veneer Products................................................. 241\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLight Transmitting Concrete.................................................................. 241\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuspended Ceiling Tiles and Panels..................................................... 242\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary........................................................................................................ 244\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences...................................................................................................... 245\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e15. Interior Finish-Out Components.............................................................. 247\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCabinets.......................................................................................................... 247\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSolid Wood and Veneered Cabinets...................................................... 248\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStainless Steel and Other Metal Cabinets............................................ 249\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSynthetic Polymer Cabinets.................................................................... 249\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCountertops...................................................................................................250\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNatural Stone Countertops.....................................................................250\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMetal Countertops................................................................................... 251\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCeramic and Porcelain Tile Countertops.............................................. 251\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConcrete Countertops.............................................................................. 251\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eButcher Block Countertops..................................................................... 251\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSynthetic Polymer Countertops............................................................. 251\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFlooring Materials........................................................................................253\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNatural Stone............................................................................................253\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWood Flooring..........................................................................................254\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCeramic\/Porcelain Tiles.......................................................................... 257\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCarpeting.................................................................................................. 257\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcrylic Fiber Carpet............................................................................ 259\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlefin Fiber Carpets............................................................................260\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNylon Carpets...................................................................................... 261\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyester Carpets................................................................................. 262\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWool Carpets.......................................................................................263\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCarpet Padding........................................................................................263\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResilient Flooring.....................................................................................264\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLinoleum..............................................................................................264\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCork Flooring.......................................................................................264\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRubber Flooring...................................................................................264\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVinyl Flooring......................................................................................265\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTerrazzo Flooring................................................................................265\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrim, Molding, and More............................................................................265\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary........................................................................................................ 267\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences......................................................................................................268\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e16. Adhesives, Sealants, Surface Finishes, and More................................. 271\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdhesives....................................................................................................... 271\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThermoplastic Adhesives........................................................................ 272\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyvinyl Acetate Adhesives............................................................. 272\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcrylic Adhesives................................................................................ 274\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThermoset Adhesives.............................................................................. 274\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEpoxy Resins........................................................................................ 274\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePU Foam Adhesives............................................................................ 275\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSynthetic Rubber Construction Adhesives...................................... 275\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCaulks and Sealants..................................................................................... 276\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWater-Based Caulks.................................................................................277\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSilicone Caulk...........................................................................................277\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSynthetic Rubber Caulk.......................................................................... 278\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElastomeric Polyurethane Caulk........................................................... 278\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eButyl Rubber Sealant............................................................................... 278\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePaints.............................................................................................................. 279\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePigments.................................................................................................... 279\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary Inorganic Pigments.............................................................280\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOrganic Pigments................................................................................285\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExtenders...................................................................................................285\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBinders.......................................................................................................286\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWater-Based Latex...............................................................................286\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOil-Based Alkyd..................................................................................286\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSolvents...................................................................................................... 287\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdditives................................................................................................... 287\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStains and Varnishes....................................................................................288\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary........................................................................................................ 289\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences......................................................................................................290\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlossary................................................................................................................ 293\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnits of Measurement.......................................................................................299\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms.......................................................................... 301\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndex......................................................................................................................305\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49409280639319,"sku":"9781498714938","price":128.25,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781498714938.jpg?v=1730506269","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/building-materials-9781498714938","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}