{"product_id":"bladder-cancer-risk-factors-emerging-treatment-strategies-and-challenges-9781633216662","title":"Bladder Cancer: Risk Factors, Emerging Treatment","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBladder cancer is the fifth most common form of cancer worldwide and is mainly prevalent in developed countries. It is thought to arise through two distinct pathways: the noninvasive and the invasive. The noninvasive pathway gives rise to a superficial papillary carcinoma that is characterized by activating mutations in oncogenes such as H-ras, FGFR3 and PI3K. This pathway is rarely lethal as superficial papillary carcinomas can be readily removed through transurethral resection. However, 15% of noninvasive urothelial tumors can transform into invasive carcinomas and have high recurrence (80% of the cases) that requires intensive surveillance and repetitive treatment. This book discusses the risk factors of bladder cancer, as well as the emerging treatment strategies and challenges.","brand":"Nova Science Publishers Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48887143268695,"sku":"9781633216662","price":152.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781633216662.jpg?v=1722543210","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/bladder-cancer-risk-factors-emerging-treatment-strategies-and-challenges-9781633216662","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}