{"product_id":"black-poets-of-the-united-states-9780252003417","title":"Black Poets of the United States","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcclaimed upon its initial American release,Black Poets of the United Statescontinued to spark comment and analysis for years afterward. Jean Wagner's masterpiece delves into the vital union of racial and religious feeling in the Black poets who emerged from 1890 to 1940.Beginning with an analysis of slavery's impact on the Black psyche and religious feeling, Wagner examines the evolution of Black lyrical expression to the end of the nineteenth century. He then moves into a focused study of Paul Laurence Dunbar and his contemporaries, emphasizing their struggle against prevalent stereotypes that stemmed from minstrelsy, popular song, and southern white writing. His look at the twentieth-century Black Renaissance explores the works, themes, concerns, and experiences of poets Claude McKay, Jean Toomer, Countee Cullen, James Weldon Johnson, Sterling Brown, and Langston Hughes.Deeply sensitive and remarkably comprehensiveBlack Poets of the United Statescombines encyclopedic knowledge with \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"A monumental work.\"--Langston Hughes\u003cbr\u003e\"A matchless study. . . . the best full length study of Black American poetry that has seen print. Wagner has evaluated the major poets from 1890 to 1940 (Dunbar to Hughes) with a superior critical discernment that is wedded to a sociological and psychological approach. . . . The distinguishing factors in Wagner's study are his aggressive grappling with two-sided issues; his lucid, metaphorical prose style; his thorough research; and judicious, carefully reasoned conclusions.\"--\u003ci\u003eNew York Times Book Review\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFOREWORD    xiii\u003cbr\u003e ACKNOWLEDGMENTS    xix\u003cbr\u003e PREFACE    xxi\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter One: INTRODUCTION       3\u003cbr\u003e 1.    The Negro in the United States       4 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSlaves and Free Men       5\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Negro “Inferior and Subservient”       9\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Mark of Oppression    14\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 2.    The Origins of Black Poetry    16 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWritten Poetry in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries    16\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFolk Poetry    26\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e PART ONE: PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR AND HIS TIME    37\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter Two:  THE NEGRO IN THE AMERICAN TRADITION IN DUNBAR’S TIME    39\u003cbr\u003e 1.    The Minstrels    40\u003cbr\u003e 2.    The Plantation Tradition in Poetry    48 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIrwin Russell    51\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJoel Chandler Harris    59\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThomas Nelson Page and Armistead C. Gordon    62\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 3.    The South’s Revenge    66\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter Three: PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR    73\u003cbr\u003e 1.    Biography    73 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChildhood Years    73\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEarly Successes    75\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFame and Its Drawbacks    77\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe End    79\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 2.    Dunbar and the Plantation Tradition    80 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDunbar and the Plantation    81\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDunbar and the South    88\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Poet and His Theme    92\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 3.    Race Consciousness and History    95 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePast and Present    96\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Search for Heroes    98\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDunbar and Racial Injustice    101\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 4.    The Poet of the People    104 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Problem of Dialect    105\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDunbar and the Negro Popular Temperament    111\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Themes of Dunbar’s Popular Poetry    115\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 5.    The Lyricism of HEARTBREAK    118 \u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003ePessimism and Religious Doubts    121\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter Four: DUNBAR’S CONTEMPORARIES    127\u003cbr\u003e 1.    James Edwin Campbell    129 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Theme of Interracial Love    130\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe People in Campbell’s Poetry    133\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 2.    Daniel Webster Davis    138\u003cbr\u003e 3.    J. Mord Allen    141\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e PART TWO: THE NEGRO RENAISSANCE    147\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter Five: THE NEGRO RENAISSANCE    149\u003cbr\u003e 1.    New Forces    151 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Role of W. E. B. Du Bois    151\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBlack Migrations    153\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRadicalism and the New Spirit    155\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Rehabilitation of the Negro Past    157\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 2.    The Problem of Self-Definition    160 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Discovery of the Negro and of Negro Art    162\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCultural Dualism and Its Problems    165\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArt or Propaganda?    170\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 3.    The Poetry of the Renaissance    172 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Poets and Their Public    173\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Poets and Their Themes    177\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoets in Conflict    190\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Section A: IN SEARCH OF THE SPIRITUAL    195\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter Six: CLAUDE McKay    197\u003cbr\u003e 1.    Biography    198 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Jamaican Years    198\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Years in the United States    201\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYears of Vagabondage    201\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHome to Harlem    203\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 2.    The Jamaican Sources    204 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAuthenticity of Form    204\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRealism of the Peasant Portraits    206\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimacy of the Earth    211\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRejection of the City    215\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 3.    The Lyricism of Militancy    222 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRacial Pride    223\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHatred    225\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTarget of Hatred: Evil    230\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Limits of Hatred    235\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 4.    Exoticism and the Theme of Africa    236\u003cbr\u003e 5.    Harlem and Negro Art    243\u003cbr\u003e 6.    The Spiritual Journey    247\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter Seven: JEAN TOOMER    259\u003cbr\u003e 1.    The Destiny of Jean Toomer    260\u003cbr\u003e 2.    The Poetry of CANE, or, the Pilgrimage to the Origins    264\u003cbr\u003e 3.    Beyond Race: “Blue Meridian”    272\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter Eight: COUNTEE CULLEN    283\u003cbr\u003e 1.    Cullen’s Life    284 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA Mysterious Childhood    284\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Productive Years    287\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Last Years    291\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 2.    The Dictates of the Psyche    291 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Burden of Inferiority    293\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeath the Liberator    297\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePride as Solace    299\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 3.    Race and the African Homeland    301 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRace in Cullen’s Poetic Universe    302\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA Black among Whites    308\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGarvey and the African Heritage    315\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAfrica as a Pagan Symbol    320\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 4.    Christ as Symbol and Reality    329 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChrist as a Sign of Self-Contradiction    330\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMysticism and Spiritual Experience    339\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e“The Black Christ”: A Spiritual Testament    341\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Section B: IN SEARCH OF THE PEOPLE    349\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter Nine: JAMES WELDON JOHNSON    351\u003cbr\u003e 1.    Biography    352 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrom Florida to Broadway    352\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn the Service of Country and Race    354\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 2.    Dunbar’s Disciple    356 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoetry in Dialect    356\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligious and Patriotic Conformism    358\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 3.    Johnson and the New Spirit    365\u003cbr\u003e 4.    Folklore and Race: Their Rehabilitation    372 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Condemnation of Dialect    375\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Experiment of God’s Trombones    377\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter Ten: LANGSTON HUGHES    385\u003cbr\u003e 1.    Biography    386 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Restless Years    386\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEarly Successes    389\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA Literature of Commitment    391\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 2.    From Racial Romanticism to Jazz    393 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRacial Romanticism    394\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRebellion: Through a Glass Jazzily    400\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 3.    The Poetry of the Masses    416 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Social Setting of the Blues    417\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClass Consciousness    426\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReligion and the Masses    437\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 4.    American Democracy: Promises and Reality    444 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe American Dream    446\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Poet and Reality    454\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 5.    Toward a Synthesis    461 \u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eConclusion: Langston Hughes and Harlem    473\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter Eleven: STERLING BROWN    475\u003cbr\u003e 1.    Folk Strength and Folk Frailties    476\u003cbr\u003e 2.    The Tragic Universe of Sterling Brown    481 \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Whites’ Conspiracy    482\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Black Man and His Fate    483\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Inanity of Faith    490\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e 3.    Means for Survival    496\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Chapter Twelve: CONCLUSION    505\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX    513\u003cbr\u003e BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SUPPLEMENT    537\u003cbr\u003e INDEX    547\u003cbr\u003e     ","brand":"University of Illinois Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51742172447063,"sku":"9780252003417","price":18.04,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/black-poets-of-the-united-states-9780252003417","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}