{"product_id":"bioprocessing-of-renewable-resources-to-commodity-bioproducts-9781118175835","title":"Bioprocessing of Renewable Resources to Commodity","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides the vision of a successful biorefinery   the lignocelluloic biomass needs to be efficiently converted to its constituent monomers, comprising mainly of sugars such as glucose, xylose, mannose and arabinose.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePREFACE xv\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCONTRIBUTORS xix\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART I ENABLING PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Biorefineries—Concepts for Sustainability 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMichael Sauer, Matthias Steiger, Diethard Mattanovich, and Hans Marx\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Three Levels for Biomass Use 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Sustainable Removal of Biomass from the Field is Crucial for a Successful Biorefinery 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Making Order: Classification of Biorefineries 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Quantities of Sustainably Available Biomass 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Quantification of Sustainability 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Starch- and Sugar-Based Biorefinery 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Sugar Crop Raffination 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Starch Crop Raffination 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Oilseed Crops 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Lignocellulosic Feedstock 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.1 Biochemical Biorefinery (Fractionation Biorefinery) 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.2 Syngas Biorefinery (Gasification Biorefinery) 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Green Biorefinery 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Microalgae 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 Future Prospects—Aiming for Higher Value from Biomass 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Biomass Logistics 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eKevin L. Kenney, J. Richard Hess, Nathan A. Stevens, William A. Smith, Ian J. Bonner, and David J. Muth\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Method of Assessing Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Influence of Feedstock Logistic System Parameters 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Analysis Step 1—Defining the Model System 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Analysis Step 2—Defining Input Parameter Probability Distributions 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Analysis Step 3—Perform Deterministic Computations 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Analysis Step 4—Deciphering the Results 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Understanding Uncertainty in the Context of Feedstock Logistics 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Increasing Biomass Collection Efficiency by Responding to In-Field Variability 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Minimizing Storage Losses by Addressing Moisture Variability 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Future Prospects 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Financial Disclosure\/Acknowledgments 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eKarthik Rajendran and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Complexity of Lignocelluloses 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Anatomy of Lignocellulosic Biomass 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Proteins Present in the Plant Cell Wall 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Presence of Lignin in the Cell Wall of Plants 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Polymeric Interaction in the Plant Cell Wall 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Lignocellulosic Biomass Recalcitrance 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Challenges in Pretreatment of Lignocelluloses 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Pretreatment Methods and Mechanisms 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Physical Pretreatment Methods 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Chemical and Physicochemical Methods 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Biological Methods 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Economic Outlook 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Future Prospects 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJonathan J. Stickel, Roman Brunecky, Richard T. Elander, and James D. McMillan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Cellulase, Hemicellulase, and Accessory Enzyme Systems and Their Synergistic Action on Lignocellulosic Biomass 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Biomass Recalcitrance 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Cellulases 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Hemicellulases 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Accessory Enzymes 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Synergy with Xylan Removal and Cellulases 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis at High Concentrations of Biomass Solids 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Conversion Yield Calculations 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Product Inhibition of Enzymes 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Slurry Transport and Mixing 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Heat and Mass Transport 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Mechanistic Process Modeling and Simulation 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Considerations for Process Integration and Economic Viability 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Feedstock 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Pretreatment 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Downstream Conversion 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Economic Outlook 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Future Prospects 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes 105\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRanjita Biswas, Abhishek Persad, and Virendra S. Bisaria\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Hydrolytic Enzymes for Digestion of Lignocelluloses 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Cellulases 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Xylanases 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Desirable Attributes of Cellulase for Hydrolysis of Cellulose 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Strategies Used for Enhanced Enzyme Production 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Genetic Methods 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Process Methods 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Economic Outlook 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Future Prospects 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Bioprocessing Technologies 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eGopal Chotani, Caroline Peres, Alexandra Schuler, and Peyman Moslemy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Cell Factory Platform 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Properties of a Biocatalyst 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Recent Trends in Cell Factory Construction for Bioprocessing 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Fermentation Process 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Recovery Process 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Active Dry Yeast 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Unclarified Enzyme Product 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Clarified Enzyme Product 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 BioisopreneTM 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Formulation Process 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Solid Forms 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Slurry or Paste Forms 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Liquid Forms 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Final Product Blends 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Economic Outlook and Future Prospects 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART II SPECIFIC COMMODITY BIOPRODUCTS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Ethanol from Bacteria 169\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eHideshi Yanase\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Heteroethanologenic Bacteria 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Escherichia coli 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Klebsiella oxytoca 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Erwinia spp. and Enterobacter asburiae 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Corynebacterium glutamicum 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Thermophilic Bacteria 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Homoethanologenic Bacteria 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Zymomonas mobilis 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Zymobacter palmae 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Economic Outlook 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Future Prospects 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Ethanol Production from Yeasts 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTomohisa Hasunuma, Ryosuke Yamada, and Akihiko Kondo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Ethanol Production from Starchy Biomass 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Starch Utilization Process 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Yeast Cell–Surface Engineering System for Biomass Utilization 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Ethanol Production from Starchy Biomass Using Amylase-Expressing Yeast 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Lignocellulose Utilization Process 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Fermentation of Cellulosic Materials 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Fermentation of Hemicellulosic Materials 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Ethanol Production in the Presence of Fermentation Inhibitors 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Economic Outlook 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Future Prospects 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Fermentative Biobutanol Production: An Old Topic with Remarkable Recent Advances 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eYi Wang, Holger Janssen and Hans P. Blaschek\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Butanol as a Fuel and Chemical Feedstock 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 History of ABE Fermentation 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Physiology of Clostridial ABE Fermentation 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 The Clostridial Cell Cycle 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Physiology and Enzymes of the Central Metabolic Pathway 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Abe Fermentation Processes, Butanol Toxicity, and Product Recovery 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 ABE Fermentation Processes 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Butanol Toxicity and Butanol-Tolerant Strains 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Fermentation Products Recovery 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Metabolic Engineering and “Omics”—Analyses of Solventogenic Clostridia 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Development and Application of Metabolic Engineering Techniques 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Butanol Production by Engineered Microbes 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 Global Insights into Solventogenic Metabolism Based on “Transcriptomics” and “Proteomics” 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Economic Outlook 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Current Status and Future Prospects 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Bio-based Butanediols Production: The Contributions of Catalysis, Metabolic Engineering, and Synthetic Biology 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eXiao-Jun Ji and He Huang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Bio-Based 2,3-Butanediol 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Via Catalytic Hydrogenolysis 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Via Sugar Fermentation 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Bio-Based 1,4-Butanediol 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Via Catalytic Hydrogenation 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Via Sugar Fermentation 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Economic Outlook 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Future Prospects 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 1,3-Propanediol 289\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eYaqin Sun, Chengwei Ma, Hongxin Fu, Ying Mu, and Zhilong Xiu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Bioconversion of Glucose into 1,3-Propanediol 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Bioconversion of Glycerol into 1,3-Propanediol 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Strains 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Fermentation 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Bioprocess Optimization and Control 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Metabolic Engineering 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Stoichiometric Analysis\/MFA 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Pathway Engineering 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Down-Processing of 1,3-Propanediol 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Integrated Processes 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Biodiesel and 1,3-Propanediol 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Glycerol and 1,3-Propanediol 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.3 1,3-Propanediol and Biogas 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Economic Outlook 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Future Prospects 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA List of Abbreviations 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Isobutanol 327\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBernhard J. Eikmanns and Bastian Blombach\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 The Access Code for the Microbial Production of Branched-Chain Alcohols: 2-Ketoacid Decarboxylase and an Alcohol Dehydrogenase 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Directed Production of Isobutanol 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Isobutanol Production with Escherichia coli 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Isobutanol Production with Corynebacterium glutamicum 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Isobutanol Production with Bacillus subtilis 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Isobutanol Production with Clostridium cellulolyticum 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.5 Isobutanol Production with Ralstonia eutropha 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.6 Isobutanol Production with Synechococcus elongatus 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.7 Isobutanol Production with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Overcoming Isobutanol Cytotoxicity 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Process Development for the Production of Isobutanol 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Economic Outlook 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Future Prospects 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Lactic Acid 353\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eKenji Okano, Tsutomu Tanaka, and Akihiko Kondo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 History of Lactic Acid 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Applications of Lactic Acid 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Poly Lactic Acid 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Conventional Lactic Acid Production 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Lactic Acid Production From Renewable Resources 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Lactic Acid Bacteria 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Escherichia coli 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 Corynebacterium glutamicum 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.4 Yeasts 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Economic Outlook 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Future Prospects 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Microbial Production of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid From Renewable Sources: A Green Approach as an Alternative to Conventional Chemistry 381\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eVinod Kumar, Somasundar Ashok, and Sunghoon Park\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Natural Microbial Production of 3-HP 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Production of 3-HP from Glucose by Recombinant Microorganisms 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Production of 3-HP from Glycerol by Recombinant Microorganisms 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Glycerol Metabolism for the Production of 3-HP and Cell Growth 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Synthesis of 3-HP from Glycerol Through the CoA-Dependent Pathway 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 Synthesis of 3-HP From Glycerol Through the CoA-Independent Pathway 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.4 Coproduction of 3-HP and PDO From Glycerol 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Major Challenges for Microbial Production of 3-HP 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Toxicity and Tolerance 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 Redox Balance and By-products Formation 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.3 Vitamin B12 Supply 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Economic Outlook 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Future Prospects 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Fumaric Acid Biosynthesis and Accumulation 409\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eIsrael Goldberg and J. Stefan Rokem\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.1 Uses 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.2 Production 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Microbial Synthesis of Fumaric Acid 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Producer Organisms 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Carbon Sources 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Solid-State Fermentations 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Submerged Fermentation Conditions 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Transport of Fumaric Acid 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.6 Production Processes 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 A Plausible Biochemical Mechanism for Fumaric Acid Biosynthesis and Accumulation in Rhizopus 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 How Can the High Molar Yield of Fumaric Acid be Explained? 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Where in the Cell is the Localization of the Reductive Reactions of the TCA Cycle? 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 What is the Role of Cytosolic Fumarase in Fumaric Acid Accumulation in Rhizopus Strain? 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Toward Engineering Rhizopus for Fumaric Acid Production 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Economic Outlook 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Future Perspectives 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.1 Biorefinery 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6.2 Platform Microorganisms 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Succinic Acid 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBoris Litsanov, Melanie Brocker, Marco Oldiges, and Michael Bott\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Succinate as an Important Platform Chemical for a Sustainable Bio-Based Chemistry 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Microorganisms for Bio-Succinate Production—Physiology, Metabolic Routes, and Strain Development 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Family Pasteurellaceae 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 Escherichia coli 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.4 Corynebacterium glutamicum 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.5 Yeast-Based Producers 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Neutral Versus Acidic Conditions for Product Formation 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Downstream Processing 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Companies Involved in Bio-Succinic Acid Manufacturing 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.1 Bioamber Inc. 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.2 Myriant Technologies LLC 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.3 Reverdia 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.4 Succinity GmbH 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Future Prospects and Economic Outlook 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Glutamic Acid 473\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTakashi Hirasawa and Hiroshi Shimizu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Glutamic Acid Production by Corynebacterium Glutamicum 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Glutamic Acid Production by Corynebacterium Glutamicum and Its Molecular Mechanism 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Metabolic Engineering of Glutamic Acid Production by Corynebacterium Glutamicum 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Glutamic Acid as a Building Block 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Production of Chemicals from Glutamic Acid Using Microorganisms 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Production of Other Chemicals from Glutamic Acid 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Economic Outlook 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Future Prospects 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Recent Advances for Microbial Production of Xylitol 497\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eYong-Cheol Park, Sun-Ki Kim, and Jin-Ho Seo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 General Principles for Biological Production of Xylitol 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Microbial Production of Xylitol 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Carbon Sources 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Aeration 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.3 Optimization of Fermentation Strategies 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Xylitol Production by Genetically Engineered Microorganisms 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1 Construction of Xylitol-Producing Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.2 Cofactor Engineering for Xylitol Production in Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.3 Other Recombinant Microorganisms for Xylitol Production 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Economic Outlook 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Future Prospects 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 First and Second Generation Production of Bio-Adipic Acid 519\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJozef Bernhard Johann Henry van Duuren and Christoph Wittmann\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Production of Bio-Adipic Acid 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.1 Natural Formation by Microorganisms 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.2 First Generation Bio-Adipic Acid 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.3 Second Generation Bio-Adipic Acid 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Ecological Footprint of Bio-Adipic Acid 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Economic Outlook 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Future Prospects 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReferences 538\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eINDEX 541\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406839456087,"sku":"9781118175835","price":114.26,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118175835.jpg?v=1730497296","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/bioprocessing-of-renewable-resources-to-commodity-bioproducts-9781118175835","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}