{"product_id":"biopharmaceuticals-9780470843277","title":"Biopharmaceuticals","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe latest edition of this highly acclaimed textbook, provides a comprehensive and up--to--date overview of the science and medical applications of biopharmaceutical products.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"…contains just about everything that anyone would want to know about the subject…It's all here in this easy-to-read textbook.” (\u003ci\u003eBiochemistry and Molecular Education\u003c\/i\u003e, March\/April 2004)  \u003cp\u003e\"...well written… (and) copiously illustrated...\" (Chemistry \u0026amp; Industry, 17th January 2005)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e “This book should be recommended reading for all under-graduate course in pharmacy and the pharmaceutical sciences …”. (Cell Biochemistry \u0026amp; Function, March-April 2005)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Pharmaceuticals, biologics and biopharmaceuticals 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to pharmaceutical products 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiopharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical biotechnology 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of the pharmaceutical industry 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe age of biopharmaceuticals 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiopharmaceuticals: current status and future prospects 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditional pharmaceuticals of biological origin 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmaceuticals of animal origin 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sex hormones 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe androgens 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOestrogens 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgesterone and progestogens 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorticosteroids 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatecholamines 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProstaglandins 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmaceutical substances of plant origin 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlkaloids 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtropine and scopalamine 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMorphine and cocaine 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional plant alkaloids 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eErgot alkaloids 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlavonoids, xanthines and terpenoids 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiac glycosides and coumarins 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAspirin 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmaceutical substances of microbial origin 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe macrolides and ansamycins 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeptide and other antibiotics 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 The drug development process 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrug discovery 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe impact of genomics and related technologies upon drug discovery 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene chips 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProteomics 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructural genomics 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacogenetics 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlants as a source of drugs 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrobial drugs 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRational drug design 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombinatorial approaches to drug discovery 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInitial product characterization 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatenting 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is a patent and what is patentable? 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatent types 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe patent application 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatenting in biotechnology 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelivery of biopharmaceuticals 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOral delivery systems 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulmonary delivery 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNasal, transmucosal and transdermal delivery systems 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre-clinical trials 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicity studies 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReproductive toxicity and teratogenicity 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutagenicity, carcinogenicity and other tests 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical trials 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical trial design 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrial size and study population 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRandomized control studies 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional trial designs 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe role and remit of regulatory authorities 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Food and Drug Administration 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe investigational new drug application 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe new drug application 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEuropean regulations 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNational regulatory authorities 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe EMEA and the new EU drug approval systems 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe centralized procedure 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutual recognition 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrug registration in Japan 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorld harmonization of drug approvals 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 The drug manufacturing process 93\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternational pharmacopoeia 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMartindale\u003c\/i\u003e, the Extra Pharmacopoeia 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuides to good manufacturing practice 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe manufacturing facility 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClean rooms 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCleaning, decontamination and sanitation (CDS) 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCDS of the general manufacturing area 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCDS of process equipment 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater for biopharmaceutical processing 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneration of purified water and water for injections (WFI) 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution system for WFI 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDocumentation 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecifications 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManufacturing formulae, processing and packaging instructions 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecords 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneration of manufacturing records 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of biopharmaceuticals 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE. coli as a source of recombinant, therapeutic proteins 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpression of recombinant proteins in animal cell culture systems 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional production systems: yeasts 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungal production systems 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransgenic animals 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransgenic plants 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsect cell-based systems 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction of final product 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell banking systems 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpstream processing 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrobial cell fermentation 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMammalian cell culture systems 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDownstream processing 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal product formulation 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome influences that can alter the biological activity of proteins 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProteolytic degradation 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtein deamidation 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxidation and disulphide exchange 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlteration of glycoprotein glycosylation patterns 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStabilizing excipients used in final product formulations 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal product fill 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreeze-drying 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabelling and packing 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the final product 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtein-based contaminants 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemoval of altered forms of the protein of interest from the product stream 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduct potency 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermination of protein concentration 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetection of protein-based product impurities 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapillary electrophoresis 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMass spectrometry 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmunological approaches to detection of contaminants 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmino acid analysis 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeptide mapping 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eN-terminal sequencing 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of secondary and tertiary structure 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndotoxin and other pyrogenic contaminants 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndotoxin, the molecule 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyrogen detection 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDna 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrobial and viral contaminants 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViral assays 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous contaminants 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValidation studies 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 The cytokines —the interferon family 189\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytokines 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytokine receptors 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytokines as biopharmaceuticals 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe interferons 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe biochemistry of interferon-a 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterferon-b 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterferon-g 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterferon signal transduction 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe interferon receptors 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe JAK–STAT pathway 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe interferon JAK–STAT pathway 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe biological effects of interferons 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe eIF-2a protein kinase system 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterferon biotechnology 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction and medical uses of IFN-a 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical uses of IFN-b 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical applications of IFN-g 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterferon toxicity 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional interferons 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Cytokines: interleukins and tumour necrosis factor 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin-2 (IL-2) 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIL-2 production 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIL-2 and cancer treatment 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIL-2 and infectious diseases 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSafety issues 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInhibition of IL-2 activity 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin-1 (IL-1) 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe biological activities of IL- 1 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIL-1 biotechnology 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin-3: biochemistry and biotechnology 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin- 4 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin- 6 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin- 11 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin- 5 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin- 12 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTumour necrosis factors (TNFs) 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTNF biochemistry 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological activities of TNF-a 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmunity and inflammation 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTNF receptors 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTNF: therapeutic aspects 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Haemopoietic growth factors 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe interleukins as haemopoietic growth factors 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGranulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMacrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGranulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical application of CSFs 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eErythropoietin (EPO) 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe EPO receptor and signal transduction 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation of EPO production 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherapeutic applications of EPO 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic disease and cancer chemotherapy 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional non-renal applications 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTolerability 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThrombopoietin 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Growth factors 277\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth factors and wound healing 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsulin-like growth factors (IGFs) 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIGF biochemistry 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIGF receptors 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIGF-binding proteins 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological effects 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIGF and fetal development 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIGFs and growth 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRenal and reproductive effects 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuronal and other effects 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidermal growth factor (EGF) 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe EGF receptor 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlatelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe PDGF receptor and signal transduction 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePDGF and wound healing 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransforming growth factors (TGFs) 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTGF-a 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTGF-b 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurotrophic factors 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe neurotrophins 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurotrophin receptors 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe neurotrophin low-affinity receptor 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCiliary neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurotrophic factors and neurodegenerative disease 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and peripheral neuropathy 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurotrophic factors and neurodegenerative diseases of the brain 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Hormones of therapeutic interest 303\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsulin 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetes mellitus 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe insulin molecule 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe insulin receptor and signal transduction 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsulin production 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnzymatic conversion of porcine insulin 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction of human insulin by recombinant DNA technology 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormulation of insulin products 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngineered insulins 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional means of insulin administration 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreating diabetics with insulin-producing cells 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlucagon 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman growth hormone (hGH) 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth hormone releasing factor (GHRF) and inhibitory factor (GHRIF) 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe GH receptor 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological effects of GH 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherapeutic uses of GH 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecombinant hGH (rhGH) and pituitary dwarfism 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdiopathic short stature and Turner’s syndrome 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetabolic effects of hGH 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGH, lactation and ovulation 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe gonadotrophins 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe inhibins and activins 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLHRH and regulation of gonadotrophin production 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical and veterinary applications of gonadotrophins 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources and medical uses of FSH, LHand hCG 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecombinant gonadotrophins 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVeterinary uses of gonadotrophins 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional recombinant hormones now approved 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Blood products and therapeutic enzymes 351\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease transmission 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhole blood 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlatelets and red blood cells 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood substitutes 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDextrans 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlbumin 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGelatin 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygen-carrying blood substitutes 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHaemostasis 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe coagulation pathway 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminal steps of coagulation pathway 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClotting disorders 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor VIII and haemophilia 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction of Factor VIII 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors IX, VII \u003csub\u003ea\u003c\/sub\u003e and XIII 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnticoagulants 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeparin 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVitamin Kantimetabolites 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHirudin 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntithrombin 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThrombolytic agents 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTissue plasminogen activator (tPA) 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst-generation tPA 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngineered tPA 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStreptokinase 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrokinase 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStaphylokinase 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ea1 -Antitrypsin 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnzymes of therapeutic value 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsparaginase 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNase 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlucocerebrosidase 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ea-Galactosidase and urate oxidase 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperoxide dismutase 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDebriding agents 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigestive aids 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLactase 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Antibodies, vaccines and adjuvants 403\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolyclonal antibody preparations 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnti-D immunoglobulin 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal immunoglobulins 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHepatitis Band tetanus immunoglobulin 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSnake and spider antivenins 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoclonal antibodies 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction of monoclonals via hybridoma technology 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibody screening: phage display technology 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTumour immunology 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibody-based strategies for tumour detection\/destruction 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrug-based tumour immunotherapy 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst-generation anti-tumour antibodies: clinical disappointment 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTumour-associated antigens 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntigenicity of murine monoclonals 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChimaeric and humanized antibodies 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibody fragments 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiovascular and related disease 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfectious diseases 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutoimmune disease 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransplantation 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine technology 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditional vaccine preparations 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttenuated, dead or inactivated bacteria 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttenuated and inactivated viral vaccines 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxoids, antigen-based and other vaccine preparations 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe impact of genetic engineering on vaccine technology 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeptide vaccines 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine vectors 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of an AIDS vaccine 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifficulties associated with vaccine development 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAIDS vaccines in clinical trials 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancer vaccines 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecombinant veterinary vaccines 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjuvant technology 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjuvant mode of action 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral-based adjuvants 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOil-based emulsion adjuvants 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacteria\/bacterial products as adjuvants 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional adjuvants 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Nucleic acid therapeutics 463\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene therapy 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic approach to gene therapy 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome additional questions 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVectors used in gene therapy 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetroviral vectors 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional viral-based vectors 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManufacture of viral vectors 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-viral vectors 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManufacture of plasmid DNA 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene therapy and genetic disease 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene therapy and cancer 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene therapy and AIDS 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene-based vaccines 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene therapy: some additional considerations 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnti-sense technology 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnti-sense oligonucleotides 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUses, advantages and disadvantages of ‘oligos’ 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelivery and cellular uptake of oligonucleotides 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManufacture of oligonucleotides 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVitravene, an approved antisense agent 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntigene sequences and ribozymes 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1 Biopharmaceuticals thus far approved in the USA or European Union 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2 Some Internet addresses relevant to the biopharmaceutical sector 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3 Two selected monographs reproduced from the European Pharmacopoeia with permission from the European Commission: I. Products of recombinant DNA technology 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Interferon a-2 concentrated solution 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 4 Manufacture of biological medicinal products for human use. (Annex 2 from The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Community, Vol. 4, Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products) 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 533\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402434650455,"sku":"9780470843277","price":81.65,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470843277.jpg?v=1730480386","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/biopharmaceuticals-9780470843277","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}