{"product_id":"biomass-as-a-sustainable-energy-source-for-the-future-9781118304914","title":"Biomass as a Sustainable Energy Source for the","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFocusing on the conversion of biomass into gas or liquid fuels the book covers physical pre-treatment technologies, thermal, chemical and biochemical conversion technologies\u003cbr\u003e Details the latest biomass characterization techniques\u003cbr\u003e Explains the biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes\u003cbr\u003e Discusses the development of integrated biorefineries, which are similar to petroleum refineries in concept, covering such topics as reactor configurations and downstream processing\u003cbr\u003e Describes how to mitigate the environmental risks when using biomass as fuel\u003cbr\u003e Includes many problems, small projects, sample calculations and industrial application examples\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePREFACE xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART I SOCIAL CONTEXT AND STRUCTURAL BASIS OF BIOMASS AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction: Socioeconomic Aspects of Biomass Conversion 3\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWiebren de Jong and J. Ruud van Ommen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Energy Supply: Economic and Environmental Considerations 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Ways to Mitigate Threats to a Sustainable Energy Supply 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 What is Sustainable Supply of Biomass? 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Resources and Sustainable Potential of Biomass 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 A Brief Introduction to Multiproduct Biomass Conversion Techniques 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet References 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Biomass Composition, Properties, and Characterization 36\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eWiebren de Jong\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Physicochemical Properties 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Main Structural Organic Constituents 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Minor Organic Constituents 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Inorganic Compounds 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Proximate and Ultimate Analysis 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Heating Values 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Ash Characterization Techniques 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet References 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART II CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF BIOMASS PROCESSING 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Conservation: Mass, Momentum, and Energy Balances 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eWiebren de Jong\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 General Conservation Equation 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Conservation of Mass 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Conservation of Energy 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Conservation of Momentum 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet Reference 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Transfer: Basics of Mass and Heat Transfer 97\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDirk J.E.M. Roekaerts\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Transport Terms in the Governing Equations 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Radiative Heat Transfer 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Convective Heat and Mass Transfer 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Transfer of Heat and Mass with Phase Change 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Reactions: Thermodynamic Aspects, Kinetics, and Catalysis 129\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMartina Fantini, Wiebren de Jong, and J. Ruud van Ommen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Reaction Kinetics 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Chemical Equilibrium 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Catalysis 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Reactors: Idealized Chemical Reactors 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLilian de Martín and J. Ruud van Ommen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Preliminary Concepts 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Batch Reactors (BRs) 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Steady-State Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs) 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Steady-State Plug Flow Reactors (PFRs) 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Residence Time and Space Time for Flow Reactors 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Deviations from Plug Flow and Perfect Mixing 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProject 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Processes: Basics of Process Design 184\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJohan Grievink, Pieter L.J. Swinkels, and J. Ruud van Ommen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Scope 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Characterization of Biomass Processing 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Analyzing the Outside of a Process 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Analyzing the Inside of a Process 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 A Design Procedure for Biomass Conversion Processes 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Interface with Supply Chain: Input–Output Diagram 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Division in Subprocesses 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Process Design: Functional Block Diagram 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Example of Analysis and Evaluation in Process Design 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Integrating Process Units into the Functional Network 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Application Potential 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet References 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART III BIOMASS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES 231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Physical Pretreatment of Biomass 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eWiebren de Jong\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Harvesting and Transport 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Storage 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Washing 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Size Reduction 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Particle Size Characterization 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Screening and Classification 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Methods of Moisture Reduction 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Compaction Technologies 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Sequencing the Pretreatment Steps 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet References 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Thermochemical Conversion: Direct Combustion 268\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRob J.M. Bastiaans and Jeroen A. van Oijen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Fundamental Conversion Processes 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Particle Conversion Modes 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Combustion Systems 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Emissions 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet References 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Thermochemical Conversion: (Co)gasification and Hydrothermal Gasification 298\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSascha R.A. Kersten and Wiebren de Jong\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 What is Gasification? A Chemical and Engineering Background 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 A Short History of Gasification 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 (Co)gasification Technologies for Dry Biomass 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Gasification in an Aqueous Environment: Hydrothermal Biomass Conversion 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Gas Cleaning for Biomass Gasification Processes 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet References 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Thermochemical Conversion: An Introduction to Fast Pyrolysis 359\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eStijn R.G. Oudenhoven and Sascha R.A. Kersten\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 A First Look at a Liquefaction Process 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 A First Look at Fast Pyrolysis Oil 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Chemistry and Kinetics of Pyrolysis 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Processes at the Particle Level 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 A Closer Look at Pyrolysis Oil 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Fast Pyrolysis Processes 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Catalytic Pyrolysis 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Oil Applications 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Outlook 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11.1 Single-Particle Model (Based on the Model by Di Blasi, 1997) 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet References 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Thermochemical Conversion: Torrefaction 388\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJaap H.A. Kiel, Arno H.H. Janssen, and Yash Joshi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Fundamentals of Torrefaction 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Advantages of Torrefaction 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Torrefaction Technology 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Torrefaction: An Enabling Technology 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 The Future of Torrefaction 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Biochemical Conversion: Biofuels by Industrial Fermentation 403\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMaria C. Cuellar and Adrie J.J. Straathof\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 First-Generation Bioethanol Processes 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Second-Generation Bioethanol Processes 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Butanol 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Diesel-like Products 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Stoichiometric and Thermodynamic Comparison of Fermentative Biofuels 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Outlook 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Biochemical Conversion: Anaerobic Digestion 441\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRobbert Kleerebezem\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Biochemical Fundamentals 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Thermodynamic Fundamentals 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Process Engineering 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Outlook and Discussion 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProject 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Biorefineries: Integration of Different Technologies 469\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eWiebren de Jong\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 What is a Biorefinery and What is the Difference with an Oil Refinery? 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Types of Biorefineries 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Economic Considerations Evaluating Biorefinery Concepts: Basic Methods for Assessing Investments and Cost Prices 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Outlook to the Future of Biorefineries 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet References 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART IV END USES 503\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 High-Efficiency Energy Systems with Biomass Gasifiers and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 505\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eP.V. Aravind and Ming Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Biomass Gasifier–SOFC Combination 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Concluding Remarks 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet References 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Synthesis Gas Utilization for Transportation Fuel Production 525\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJ. Ruud van Ommen and Johan Grievink\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Synthetic Natural Gas Synthesis 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Methanol Synthesis 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Comparison of the Different Options 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet References 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Chemistry of Biofuels and Biofuel Additives from Biomass 547\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eIsabel W.C.E. Arends\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Bioethanol and Biodiesel 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Conversion of Sugars to Hydrocarbon Fuels 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Greenness of the Conversion of Platform Molecules into Biobased Fuel Additives 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Direct Aqueous Reforming of Sugars Leading to a Range of Alkanes 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Future Generations of Biofuel 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary and Study Guide 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Concepts 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Answer Questions 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternet References 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eINDEX 571\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48866368520535,"sku":"9781118304914","price":103.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118304914.jpg?v=1722278316","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/biomass-as-a-sustainable-energy-source-for-the-future-9781118304914","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}