{"product_id":"biological-sludge-minimization-and-biomaterialsbioenergy-recovery-technologies-9780470768822","title":"Biological Sludge Minimization and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of sludge minimization and reuse with a focus on process fundamentals, feasibility, and cost evaluation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributors xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Fundamentals of Biological Processes for Wastewater Treatment 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJianlong Wang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction, 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Overview of Biological Wastewater Treatment, 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 The Objective of Biological Wastewater Treatment, 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Roles of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment, 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Types of Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes, 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Classification of Microorganisms, 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 By the Sources of Carbon and Energy, 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 By Temperature Range, 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Microorganism Types in Biological Wastewater Treatment, 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Some Important Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment, 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Bacteria, 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Fungi, 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Algae, 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Protozoans, 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Rotifers and Crustaceans, 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.6 Viruses, 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Measurement of Microbial Biomass, 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Total Number of Microbial Cells, 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Measurement of Viable Microbes on Solid Growth Media, 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Measurement of Active Cells in Environmental Samples, 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4 Determination of Cellular Biochemical Compounds, 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.5 Evaluation of Microbial Biodiversity by Molecular Techniques, 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Microbial Nutrition, 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Microbial Chemical Composition, 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Macronutrients, 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3 Micronutrients, 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.4 Growth Factor, 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.5 Microbial Empirical Formula, 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Microbial Metabolism, 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Catabolic Metabolic Pathways, 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Anabolic Metabolic Pathway, 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.3 Biomass Synthesis Yields, 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.4 Coupling Energy-Synthesis Metabolism, 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Functions of Biological Wastewater Treatment, 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1 Aerobic Biological Oxidation, 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2 Biological Nutrients Removal, 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.3 Anaerobic Biological Oxidation, 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.4 Biological Removal of Toxic Organic Compounds and Heavy Metals, 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.5 Removal of Pathogens and Parasites, 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Activated Sludge Process, 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.1 Basic Process, 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.2 Microbiology of Activated Sludge, 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.3 Biochemistry of Activated Sludge, 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.4 Main Problems in the Activated Sludge Process, 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Suspended- and Attached-Growth Processes, 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.1 Suspended-Growth Processes, 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.2 Attached-Growth Processes, 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.3 Hybrid Systems, 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.4 Comparison Between Suspended- and Attached-Growth Systems, 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Sludge Production, Treatment and Disposal, 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11.1 Sludge Production, 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11.2 Sludge Treatment Processes, 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11.3 Sludge Disposal and Application, 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Sludge Production: Quantification and Prediction for Urban Treatment Plants and Assessment of Strategies for Sludge Reduction 81\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMathieu Spe´randio, Etienne Paul, Yolaine Bessie`re, and Yu Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction, 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Sludge Fractionation and Origin, 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Sludge Composition, 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Wastewater Characteristics, 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Quantification of Excess Sludge Production, 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Primary Treatment, 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Activated Sludge Process, 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Phosphorus Removal (Biological and Physicochemical), 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Practical Evaluation of Sludge Production, 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Sludge Production Yield Variability with Domestic Wastewater, 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Influence of Sludge Age: Experimental Data Versus Models, 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 ISS Entrapment in the Sludge, 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Example of Sludge Production for a Different Case Study, 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Strategies for Excess Sludge Reduction, 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Classification of Strategies, 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Increasing the Sludge Age, 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Model-Based Evaluation of Advanced ESR Strategies, 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Conclusions, 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Nomenclature, 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Characterization of Municipal Wastewater and Sludge 117\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEtienne Paul, Xavier Lefebvre, Mathieu Sperandio, Dominique Lefebvre, and Yu Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction, 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Definitions, 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Wastewater and Sludge Composition and Fractionation, 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Wastewater COD Fractions, 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 WAS COD Fractions, 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 ADS Organic Fractions, 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Physical Fractionation, 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Physical State of Wastewater Organic Matter, 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Methods for Physical Fractionation of Wastewater Components, 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Biodegradation Assays for Wastewater and Sludge Characterization, 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Background, 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Methods Based on Substrate Depletion, 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Methods Based on Respirometry, 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Anaerobic Biodegradation Assays, 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Application to Wastewater COD Fractionation, 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Global Picture of Fractionation Methods and Wastewater COD Fractions, 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Application of Physical Separation for Characterization of Wastewater COD Fractions, 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.3 Biodegradable COD Fraction, 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.4 Relation Between Physical and Biological Properties of Organic Fractions, 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.5 Unbiodegradable Particulate COD Fractions, 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Assessment of the Characteristics of Sludge and Disintegrated Sludge, 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Physical Fractionation of COD Released from Sludge Disintegration Treatment, 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Biological Fractionation of COD Released from Sludge Disintegration Treatment, 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.3 Biodegradability of WAS in Anaerobic Digestion, 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.4 Unbiodegradable COD in Anaerobic Digestion, 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Nomenclature, 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic Process for Enhanced Microbial Decay 155\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eQingliang Zhao and Jianfang Wang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction, 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Description of the Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic Process, 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Oxic-Settling-Anaerobic Process, 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Characteristics of the OSA Process, 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Effects of an Anaerobic Sludge Tank on the Performance of an OSA System, 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Fate of Sludge Anaerobic Exposure in an OSA System, 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Effect of Sludge Anaerobic Exposure on Biomass Activity, 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Sludge Production in an OSA System, 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Performance of an OSA System, 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Organic and Nutrient Removal, 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Sludge Settleability, 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Important Influence Factors, 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Influence of the ORP on Sludge Production, 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Influence of the ORP on Performance of an OSA System, 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Influence of SAET on Sludge Production, 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Influence of SAET on the Performance of an OSA System, 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Possible Sludge Reduction in the OSA Process, 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Slow Growers, 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Energy Uncoupling Metabolism, 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Sludge Endogenous Decay, 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Microbial Community in an OSA System, 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Staining Analysis, 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 FISH Analysis, 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Cost and Energy Evaluation, 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Evaluation of the OSA Process, 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Process Development, 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.1 Sludge Decay Combined with Other Sludge Reduction Mechanisms, 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.2 Improved Efficiency in Sludge Anaerobic Digestion, 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11.3 Combined Minimization of Excess Sludge with Nutrient Removal, 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Energy Uncoupling for Sludge Minimization: Pros and Cons 183\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBo Jiang, Yu Liu, and Etienne Paul\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction, 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Overview of Adenosine Triphosphate Synthesis, 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Electron Transport System, 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Mechanisms of Oxidative Phosphorylation, 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Control of ATP Synthesis, 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Diversion of PMF from ATP Synthesis to Other Physiological Activities, 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Inhibition of Oxidative Phosphorylation, 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Uncoupling of Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation, 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Energy Uncoupling for Sludge Reduction, 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Chemical Uncouplers Used for Sludge Reduction, 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Uncoupling Activity, 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Modeling of Uncoupling Effect on Sludge Production, 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Sideeffects of Chemical Uncouplers, 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Full-Scale Application, 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Reduction of Excess Sludge Production Using Ozonation or Chlorination: Performance and Mechanisms of Action 209\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEtienne Paul, Qi-Shan Liu, and Yu Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction, 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Significant Operational Results for ESP Reduction with Ozone, 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Options for Combining Ozonation and Biological Treatment, 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 ESP Reduction Performance, 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Assessing Ozone Efficiency for Mineral ESP Reduction, 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Side Effects of Sludge Ozonation, 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Outlet SS and COD, 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 N Removal, 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Cost Assessment, 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Effect of Ozone on Sludge, 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Synergy Between Ozonation and Biological Treatment, 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Some Fundamentals of Ozone Transfer, 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Sludge Composition, 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Effect of Ozone on Activated Sludge: Batch Tests, 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Effect of Ozone on Biomass Activity, 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.6 Competition for Ozone in Mixed Liquor, 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Modeling Ozonation Effect, 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Remarks on Sludge Ozonation, 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Chlorination in Water and Wastewater Treatment, 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Introduction, 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Chlorination-Assisted Biological Process for Sludge Reduction, 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.3 Effect of Chlorine Dosage on Sludge Reduction, 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.4 Chlorine Requirement, 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Nomenclature, 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 High-Dissolved-Oxygen Biological Process for Sludge Reduction 249\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eZhi-Wu Wang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction, 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Mechanism of High-Dissolved-Oxygen Reduced Sludge Production, 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 High-Dissolved-Oxygen Decreased Specific Loading Rate, 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 High-Dissolved-Oxygen Uncoupled Microbial Metabolism Pathway, 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 High-Dissolved-Oxygen Shifted Microbial Population, 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Limits of High-Dissolved-Oxygen Process for Reduced Sludge Production, 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Minimizing Excess Sludge Production Through Membrane Bioreactors and Integrated Processes 261\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePhilip Chuen-Yung Wong\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction, 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Mass Balances, 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Integrated Processes Based on Lysis-Cryptic Growth, 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Mass Balance Incorporating Sludge Disintegration and Solubilization, 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Thermal and Thermal-Alkaline Treatment, 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Ozonation, 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Sonication, 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Predation, 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks, 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Microbial Fuel Cell Technology for Sustainable Treatment of Organic Wastes and Electrical Energy Recovery 291\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShi-Jie You, Nan-Qi Ren, and Qing-Liang Zhao\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction, 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Fundamentals, Evaluation, and Design of MFCs, 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Principles, 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Performance Evaluation, 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 MFC Configurations, 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Performance of Anodes, 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Electrode Materials, 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Microbial Electron Transfer, 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Electron Donors, 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Cathode Performances, 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Electron Acceptors, 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Electrochemical Fundamentals of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction, 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Air-Cathode Structure and Function, 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Electrocatalyst, 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Separator, 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 pH Gradient and Buffer, 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Applications of MFC-Based Technology, 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.1 Biosensors, 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.2 Hydrogen Production, 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.3 Desalination, 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.4 Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis, 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.5 Environmental Remediation, 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Conclusions and Remarks, 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge 319\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKuan-Yeow Show, Duu-Jong Lee, and Joo-Hwa Tay\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction, 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Principles of Anaerobic Digestion, 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Hydrolysis and Acidogenesis, 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Methane Formation, 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Environmental Requirements and Control, 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 pH, 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Alkalinity, 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Temperature, 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Nutrients, 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Toxicity, 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Design Considerations for Anaerobic Sludge Digestion, 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Hydraulic Detention Time, 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Solids Loading, 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Temperature, 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Mixing, 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Component Design of Anaerobic Digester Systems, 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Tank Configurations, 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Temperature Control, 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Sludge Heating, 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 Auxiliary Mixing, 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Reactor Configurations, 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Conventional Anaerobic Digesters, 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Anaerobic Contact Processes, 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Other Types of Configurations, 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Advantages and Limitations of Anaerobic Sludge Digestion, 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Summary and New Horizons, 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Mechanical Pretreatment-Assisted Biological Processes 349\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHe´le`ne Carre`re, Damien J. Batstone, and Etienne Paul\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction, 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Mechanisms of Mechanical Pretreatment, 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 From Sludge Disintegration to Cell Lysis and Chemical Transformation, 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Specific Energy, 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Sonication, 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Grinding, 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Shear-Based Methods: High-Pressure and Collision Plate Homogenization, 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6 Lysis Centrifuge, 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Impacts of Treatment: Rate vs. Extent of Degradability, 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Grinding, 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Ultrasonication, 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Equipment for Mechanical Pretreatment, 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Sonication, 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Grinding, 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Shear-Based Methods: High-Pressure and Collision Plate Homogenization, 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 Lysis Centrifuge, 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Side Effects, 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Mechanical Treatment Combined with Activated Sludge, 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Mechanical Treatment Combined with Anaerobic Digestion, 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 Performances, 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Dewaterability, 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.3 Full-Scale Performance and Market Penetration, 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.4 Energy Balance, 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.5 Nutrient Release and Recovery\/Removal, 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Conclusion, 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Thermal Methods to Enhance Biological Treatment Processes 373\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEtienne Paul, He´le`ne Carre`re, and Damien J. Batstone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction, 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Mechanisms, 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Effects of Heating on Cells, 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Effect of Heating on Sludge, 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Mechanisms of Thermal Pretreatment, 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Devices for Thermal Treatment, 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Low-Temperature Pretreatment, 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 High-Temperature Pretreatment, 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Applications of Thermal Treatment, 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Thermal Treatment Combined with Activated Sludge, 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Thermal Pretreatment to Anaerobic Digestion, 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Conclusions, 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Combustion, Pyrolysis, and Gasification of Sewage Sludge for Energy Recovery 405\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYong-Qiang Liu, Joo-Hwa Tay, and Yu Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction, 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Characteristics and Dewatering of Sewage Sludge, 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Energy Recovery from Sludge, 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Incineration, 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Pyrolysis and Gasification, 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Wet Oxidation, 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Thermal Plasma Pyrolysis and Gasification, 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology for Wastewater Treatment 429\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBing-Jie Ni and Han-Qing Yu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction, 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Technological Starting Points: Cultivating Aerobic Granules, 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Substrate Composition, 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Organic Loading Rate, 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Seed Sludge, 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 Reactor Configuration, 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 Operational Parameters, 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Mechanisms of the Aerobic Granulation Process, 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Granulation Steps, 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Selective Pressure, 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Characterization of Aerobic Granular Sludge, 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Biomass Yield and Sludge Reduction, 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Formation and Consumption of Microbial Products, 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 Microbial Structure and Diversity, 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.4 Physicochemical Characteristics, 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Modeling Granule-Based SBR for Wastewater Treatment, 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.1 Nutrient Removal in Granule-Based SBRs, 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5.2 Multiscale Modeling of Granule-Based SBR, 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Bioremediation of Wastewaters with Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology, 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.1 Organic Wastewater Treatment, 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.2 Biological Nutrient Removal, 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.3 Domestic Wastewater Treatment, 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.4 Xenobiotic Contaminant Bioremediation, 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6.5 Removal of Heavy Metals or Dyes, 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Remarks, 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Biodegradable Bioplastics from Fermented Sludge, Wastes, and Effluents 465\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEtienne Paul, Elisabeth Neuhauser, and Yu Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction, 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.1 Context of Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Production from Sludge and Effluents, 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.2 Industrial Context for PHA Production, 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 PHA Structure, 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Microbiology for PHA Production, 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Metabolism of PHA Production, 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 PHB Metabolism, 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Metabolism for Other PHA Production, 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Nutrient Limitations, 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.4 PHA Metabolism in Mixed Cultures, 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.5 Effect of Substrate in Mixed Cultures, 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 PHA Kinetics, 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 PHA Storage to Minimize Excess Sludge Production in Wastewater Treatment Plants, 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Choice of Process and Reactor Design for PHA Production, 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7.1 Criteria, 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7.2 Anaerobic–Aerobic Process, 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7.3 Aerobic Dynamic Feeding Process, 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7.4 Fed-Batch Process Under Nutrient Growth Limitation, 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Culture Selection and Enrichment Strategies, 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 PHA Quality and Recovery, 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 Industrial Developments, 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 499\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49402428260695,"sku":"9780470768822","price":96.26,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9780470768822.jpg?v=1730480371","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/biological-sludge-minimization-and-biomaterialsbioenergy-recovery-technologies-9780470768822","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}