{"product_id":"bioenergy-research-9781119772095","title":"Bioenergy Research","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBIOENERGY RESEARCH\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEvaluates challenges and sustainable solutions associated with various biofuel technologies\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBioenergy Research\u003c\/i\u003e offers an authoritative guide to recent developments in green bioenergy technologies that are currently available including: bioethanol, biobutanol, biomethanol, bio-oil, biohydrogen, biogas and biomethane. The authors provide in-depth analysis and discuss the commercial viability of the various technological advances in bioenergy. Comprehensive in scope, the book explores the environmental, practical and economic implications associated with a variety of bioenergy options. The book also considers the rollback of fossil fuels, the cost and their replacement as well as practical solutions for these issues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis important resource:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresents up-to-date research and industrial developments for various bioenergy options\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOffers comparative evaluation of bioenergy technologies for commercial feasibility\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReviews cur\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiofuels Production Technologies: Recent Advancement xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Role of Enzymes in Biofuel Production \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAshok Kumar Yadav, Surabhi Pandey, Abhishek Dutt Tripathi and Veena Paul\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Biofuel Classification 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Enzymes Role in Biofuels 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Enzymatic Reaction 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Enzyme Recovery and Reuse 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Enzyme Immobilization 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Adsorption on Physical Surface: Physical Adsorption 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Ionic Bonding 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3 Entanglement or Envelopment 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.4 Cross-Linkage 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Unique Techniques of Enzyme Immobilization 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Application of Various Enzymes in Biofuel Production 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1 Amylases 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.2 Proteases 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.3 Dehydrogenases 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.4 Lipase 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Biofuel Production Process 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.1 Bioethanol 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.2 Biohydrogen 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.3 Biomethane 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9.4 Biodiesel 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Production of Biodiesel by Enzymatic Catalysis 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.1 Batch Method 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.2 Continuous Stirred-Tank Method 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10.3 Packed-Bed Columns 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Future Prospects 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 Conclusion 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Microbial Technology for Biofuel Production \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e19\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSpriha Raven, Sashita Bindu Ekka, Stephen Edward Chattree, Shivani Smita Sadanand, Lipi Rina and Archana Tiwari\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Microbial Biofuel 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Microbial Pathway for Biofuel Production 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Sugar Conversion to Alcohols\/Glycolytic Pathway 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Butanol Synthetic Pathway\/ABE Pathway 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 2-Keto Acid Pathways for Alcohols 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 2-Keto Acid Pathway for Iso-Butanol 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Protein into Alcohol 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Algal Biofuel Production 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Microalgal Cultivation 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Microalgae Harvesting 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Conversion Techniques for Algal Biofuel Production 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3.1 Thermochemical Conversion 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3.2 Biochemical Conversion 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3.3 Transesterification (or Chemical Conversion) 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3.4 Photosynthetic Microbial Fuel Cell 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Bioethanol 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Biodiesel 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Stages of Biodiesel Production 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1.1 Cultivation 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1.2 Harvesting\/Dewatering 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1.3 Oil Extraction 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1.4 Conversion 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Biohydrogen 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Stages of Biohydrogen Production 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.1 Biophotolysis 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.2 Photo Fermentation 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.3 Dark Fermentation 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1.4 Two-Step Process (a Combination of Photo and Dark Fermentation) 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Applications of Biofuel Production 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.1 In Aviation 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.2 Maritime Industry 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.3 Heat 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.4 Backup Systems 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.5 Cleaning Oil Spills 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.6 Microalgae Applications 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Conclusion 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Biohydrogen Production from Cellulosic Waste Biomass \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e47\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEnosh Phillips\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 History of Hydrogen Fuel 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Biohydrogen Fuel Cell 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Cellulosic Biohydrogen Production from Waste Biomass 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Biohydrogen Production from Wheat Straw and Wheat Bran 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Biohydrogen Production from Corn Stalk 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Biohydrogen from Rice Straw and Rice Bran 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Biohydrogen Production from Food Waste 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Biohydrogen from Bagasse 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.6 Biohydrogen Production from Mushroom CultivationWaste 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.7 Biohydrogen Production from Sweet Potato Starch Residue 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.8 Biohydrogen from De-Oiled Jatropha 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.9 Biohydrogen Production Banyan Leaves and Maize Leaves 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Conclusion 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Strategies for Obtaining Biofuels Through the Fermentation of C5-Raw Materials: Part 1 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e69\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexandre S. Santos, Lílian A. Pantoja, Mayara C. S. Barcelos, Kele A. C. Vespermann and Gustavo Molina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 The Nature of Pentoses 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Alcoholic Fermentation of C5 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Lipid Biosynthesis from C5 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Conclusion 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Strategies for Obtaining Biofuels Through the Fermentation of C5-Raw Materials: Part 2 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e85\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexandre Soares dos Santos, Lílian Pantoja, Kele A. C. Vespermann, Mayara C. S. Barcelos and Gustavo Molina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Ethanol Production Using C5-Fermenter Strain 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Pentose-Fermenting Microorganisms 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Microbial Lipid Production by C5-Fermenter Strains for Biofuel Advances 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Concluding Remarks 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 An Overview of Microalgal Carotenoids: Advances in the Production and Its Impact on Sustainable Development \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e105\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRahul Kumar Goswami, Komal Agrawal and Pradeep Verma\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Interaction and Understanding of Carotenoid 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Differentiation between Natural or Chemically Synthesized Carotenoids 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Diverse Category of Carotenoids 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 β-Carotene 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Lutein 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Astaxanthin 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Canthaxanthin 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Microalgae Prospects for the Production of Carotenoids 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Bio-Formation of Carotenoids inside Microalgae\/Carotenogenesis inside Microalgae Cells 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Potent Microalgae Strain for Carotenoid Production 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.1 \u003ci\u003eHaematococcus pluvialis \u003c\/i\u003e112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.2 \u003ci\u003eDunaliella salina. \u003c\/i\u003e113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.3 Other Microalgae Species Used for the Production of Carotenoids 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Enhancement of Carotenoid Productivity by Optimizing Various Physiological Condition\/Physiological Approaches for Enhancement of Carotenoid Production inside Microalga Cells 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3.1 Role of Nutrient Deficient Stress for Carotenogenesis 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3.2 Lights and Temperature Stress for Induction of Carotenogenesis 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3.3 Role of Oxidative Stress in Carotenogenesis 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3.4 Approaches which Enhance Carotenogenesis by Heterotrophic and Mixotrophic Cultivation of Microalgae 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3.5 Cohesive Cultivation System in Microalgae for Enhancement of Carotenoid 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Metabolic and Genetic Modification in Microalgae for Enhancement of Carotenoid Production 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Significance of Carotenoid in Human Health 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Anticancerous Activity and their Potential of a Generation of an Immune Response 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 As Provitamin 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Other Significance of Microalgae Carotenoids 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Opportunities and Challenges in Carotenoid Production 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Present Drifts and Future Prospects 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Conclusion 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Microbial Xylanases: A Helping Module for the Enzyme Biorefinery Platform \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e129\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNisha Bhardwaj and Pradeep Verma\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Raw Material for Biorefinery 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Structure of Lignocellulosic Plant Biomass 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 The Concept of Biorefinery 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Role of Enzymes in Biorefinery 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 In Biological Pretreatment 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 In Enzymatic Hydrolysis 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Enzyme Synergy: A Conceptual Strategy 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Factors Affecting Biological Pretreatment 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Advantages of Xylanases from Thermophilic Microorganisms in Biorefinery 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 The Products of Biorefinery 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Bioethanol 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 Biobutanol 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3 Hydrogen 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Molecular Aspects of Enzymes in Biorefinery 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Conclusion 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Microbial Cellulolytic-Based Biofuel Production \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e153\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eS.M. Bhatt\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Biofuel Classifications 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Generations of Biofuel 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Bioethanol Production Using Lignocellulose 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.1 Polymeric Lignocellulosic Composition 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Bioprocessing of Bagasse for Bioethanol Production 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Cellulose Structure 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.1 Cellulolytic Microbes 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Microbial Cellulase 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Mode of Economical Production of Enzyme 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Structure of Cellulase 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 CBH1 Structure 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Thermophilic Cellulase Enzyme 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Family Classification 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Consortia-Based Cellulase Production 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Cellulase Production SSF Mode 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Concluding Remarks 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeclarations 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Recent Developments of Bioethanol Production \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e175\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eArla Sai Kumar, Sana Siva Sankar, S K Godlaveeti, Dinesh Kumar, S Dheiver, Ram\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePrasad, Chandrasekhar Nb, Thi Hong Chuong Nguyen and Quyet Van Le\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Emerging Techniques in Bioethanol Production 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Advancement in Distillation and Waste-Valorization Techniques 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Heat Integrated Distillation 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Membrane Technology 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.1 Membrane-Assisted Vapor Stripping 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.2 Combining Extractive and Azeotropic Distillation 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.3 Feed-Splitting 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.4 Ohmic-Assisted Hydro Distillation (OADH) 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Green Extraction of Bioactive Products 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Pulsed Electric Fields (PFE) 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 High-Voltage Electrical Discharges 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Enzyme-Assisted Extraction 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.5 Microwave-Assisted Extraction 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.6 Subcritical Fluid Extraction 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.7 Ohmic-Assisted Extraction 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Advancement in Bioethanol Production from Microalgae 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Surface Methods 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Ligno Celluloic Bio Ethanol Production 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2.1 Membrane Technology 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2.2 Microbial Technique 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2.3 Brown Algae 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2.4 Integrated Processes 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2.5 Advances in Bioethanol Production from Agroindustrial Waste 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Fermentation Technique Advances 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Synthesis from Municipal Wastes 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1.1 Waste Paper 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1.2 Coffee Residue 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1.3 Food Waste 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1.4 Solid Waste 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Conclusion 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Algal Biofuels – Types and Production Technologies \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e209\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSreedevi Sarsan and K. Vindhya Vasini Roy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Algal Biofuels 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Production of Algal Biofuels 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Algae Cultivation Systems 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1.1 Cultivation of Macroalgae 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1.2 Cultivation of Microalgae 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Harvesting of Algae 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2.1 Harvesting of Macroalgae 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2.2 Harvesting of Microalgae 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Drying 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Cell Disruption 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Conversion into Biofuel 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Types of Algal Biofuels 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Biodiesel 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Bioethanol 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Biogas\/Biomethane 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Biomethanol 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Biobutanol 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.6 Biohydrogen 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.7 Biosyngas 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.8 Green Diesel 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Advantages of Algal Biofuels 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Ease of Growth 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Impact on Food 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Environmental Impact 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 Algal by Products 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.5 Economic Benefits 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Limitations 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Conclusion 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Biomethane Production and Advancement \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e245\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRajeev Singh, P K Mishra, Neha Srivastava, Akshay Shrivastav and K R Srivastava\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Process Involved in Biomethane Production 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Purification of Biogas for Methane Production 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Advancement Undergoing in the Process of Methane Production 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Adsorption by Pressure Swing 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Adsorption Methods 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Separation by Membrane 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Cryogenic Separation 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Biological Technique for Purification of Biogas 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Advantage and Limitation of Biomethane Production 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Conclusion 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Biodiesel Production and Advancement from Diatom Algae \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e261\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAbhishek Saxena and Archana Tiwari\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Diatom Algae as a Source of Lipids 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Biodiesel Production from Diatoms 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Innovative Approaches toward Enhancement in Biodiesel Production and Challenges 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Advancements in Diatoms-Based Biodiesel Production 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Conclusion 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Biobutanol Production and Advancement \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e279\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEnosh Phillips\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Biobutanol 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 ABE Process for Biobutanol Production 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Biobutanol Production by ABE 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Substrate Used in Biobutanol Production 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Advancement in Pretreatment Method 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Microbial Engineering for Production Enhancement 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Conclusion 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 291\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407146950999,"sku":"9781119772095","price":128.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119772095.jpg?v=1730498332","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/bioenergy-research-9781119772095","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}