{"product_id":"bioenergy-9781118568316","title":"Bioenergy","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eLIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePREFACE xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION I BIOENERGY FUNDAMENTALS 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOENERGY 3\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSamir Kumar Khanal and Yebo Li\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Energy 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Non-renewable Energy 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Renewable Energy 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Why Renewable Energy? 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Bioenergy 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 UNITS AND CONVERSIONS 19\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSamir Kumar Khanal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Units of Measurement 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Useful Units and Conversions 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Energy and Heat 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Volume–Mass Relationship 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Ideal Gas Law 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Henry’s Law 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 MASS AND ENERGY BALANCES 33\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDevin Takara and Samir Kumar Khanal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Mass Balances 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Enthalpy 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Energy Balances 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF BASIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS 42\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDevin Takara and Samir Kumar Khanal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Reaction Thermodynamics 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Reaction Kinetics 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 ORGANIC AND CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY 50\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eXiaolan Luo and Yebo Li\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Structural Formulas and Classification of Organic Compounds 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Aliphatic Compounds 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Aromatic Compounds 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Heterocyclic Compounds 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Carbohydrates 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Proteins and Lipids 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 PLANT STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 71\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSamir Kumar Khanal Saoharit Nitayavardhana and Rakshit Devappa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Carbohydrates and Their Classification 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Main Constituents of Plant Biomass 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Plant Cell Wall Architecture 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 MICROBIAL METABOLISMS 88\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eArul M. Varman Lian He and Yinjie J. Tang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Carbon Metabolisms 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Metabolic Models 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7.1 Code Useful for Example 7.2 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION II BIOENERGY FEEDSTOCKS 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 STARCH-BASED FEEDSTOCKS 109\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eXumeng Ge and Yebo Li\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Corn 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Sweet Potato 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Cassava 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Comparison of Composition Yield and Energy Potential of Corn Sweet Potato and Cassava 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 OILSEED-BASED FEEDSTOCKS 127\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChengci Chen and Marisol Berti\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Soybean 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Rapeseed and Canola 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Oil Palm 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Jatropha 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Camelina 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Yield and Oil Content of Major Oilseed Feedstocks 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 LIGNOCELLULOSE-BASED FEEDSTOCKS 143\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSudhagar Mani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Feedstock Availability and Production 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Feedstock Logistics 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 ALGAE-BASED FEEDSTOCKS 170\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eXumeng Ge Johnathon P. Sheets Yebo Li and Sudhagar Mani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Algae Classification Cell Structure and Characteristics 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Mechanism of Algal Growth 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Algal Growth Conditions 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Steps in Algal-Biodiesel Production 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION III BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES 199\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS 201\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChang Geun Yoo and Xuejun Pan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 What Does Pretreatment Do? 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Physical Pretreatment 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Thermochemical Pretreatment 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Other Pretreatments 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Co-products from Lignocellulosic Feedstock Pretreatment 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS 224\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid Hodge and Wei Liao\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Nomenclature and Classification of Hydrolases 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Enzyme Kinetics 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Carbohydrates 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 ETHANOL FERMENTATION 250\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSaoharit Nitayavardhana and Samir Kumar Khanal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Biochemical Pathway 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Byproducts Formation during Ethanol Fermentation 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Microbial Cultures 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Environmental Factors Affecting Ethanol Fermentation 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Industrial Fuel-Grade Ethanol Production 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 BUTANOL FERMENTATION 277\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVictor Ujor and Thaddeus Chukwuemeka Ezeji\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Butanol Fermentation 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Factors Affecting Butanol Fermentation 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Substrates for Butanol Fermentation 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Advanced Butanol Fermentation Techniques and Downstream Processing 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 SYNGAS FERMENTATION 296\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMark R. Wilkins Hasan K. Atiyeh and Samir Kumar Khanal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Stoichiometry 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Syngas-Fermenting Bacteria 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Factors Affecting Syngas Fermentation 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Product Recovery 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 FUNDAMENTALS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION 313\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSamir Kumar Khanal and Yebo Li\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Organic Conversion in an Anaerobic Process 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Stoichiometry of Methane Production 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Important Considerations in Anaerobic Digestion 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 BIOGAS PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS 338\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSamir Kumar Khanal and Yebo Li\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Anaerobic Digestion Systems 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Biogas Cleaning and Upgrading 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Biogas Utilization 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Digestate 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS 361\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHongjian Lin Hong Liu Jun Zhu and Venkataramana Gadhamshetty\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 How Does a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Work? 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Electron Transfer Processes 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Electrical Power and Energy Generation 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Design and Operation of an MFC 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION IV THERMAL CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES 385\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 COMBUSTION FOR HEAT AND POWER 387\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSushil Adhikari Avanti Kulkarni and Nourredine Abdoulmoumine\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Fundamentals of Biomass Combustion 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Biomass Properties and Preprocessing 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Biomass Furnaces 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Power Generation 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Biomass Co-firing with Coal 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Environmental Impact and Emissions of Biomass Combustion 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 GASIFICATION 407\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSushil Adhikari and Nourredine Abdoulmoumine\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Fundamentals of Gasification 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Gasifiers 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Feedstock Preparation and Characterization 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Gasification Mass and Energy Balance 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Gas Cleanup 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Applications of Biomass Gasification 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 PYROLYSIS 423\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eManuel Garcia-Perez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Slow vs. Fast Pyrolysis 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Pyrolysis Reactions and Mechanisms 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Single-Particle Models 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Bio-Oil 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Charcoal 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Bio-oil Refining 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION V BIOBASED REFINERY 439\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 SUGAR-BASED BIOREFINERY 441\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSamir Kumar Khanal and Saoharit Nitayavardhana\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Introduction 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Stoichiometry 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Sugarcane Ethanol 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Sweet Sorghum Ethanol 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Sugar Beet Ethanol 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Biochemicals and Biopolymers 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 STARCH-BASED BIOREFINERY 453\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSamir Kumar Khanal and Saoharit Nitayavardhana\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Introduction 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Stoichiometry of Starch to Ethanol 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Integrated Farm-Scale Biorefinery 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 LIGNOCELLULOSE-BASED BIOREFINERY 467\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eScott C. Geleynse Michael Paice and Xiao Zhang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Introduction 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Cell Structure of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Stoichiometry and Energy Content 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion to Fuel 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Co-Products from Lignocellulose-Based Biorefinery 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6 Industrial Lignocellulose-Based Biorefinery 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 LIPID-BASED BIOREFINERY 481\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eB. Brian He J. H. Van Gerpen Matthew J. Morra and Armando G. McDonald\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Introduction 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Lipid-Based Feedstocks 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Chemical Properties of Lipids 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 Biodiesel from Lipids 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 Lipid-Based Biorefinery 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION VI BIOENERGY SYSTEM ANALYSIS 505\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 507\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGanti S. Murthy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Introduction 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 What Is Techno-Economic Analysis? 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Basic Steps in TEA 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 Tools Software and Data Sources for Performing TEA 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28 LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT 521\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGanti S. Murthy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Introduction 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 What Is Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)? 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3 Procedure for LCA 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.4 Tools Available to Perform LCA 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.5 Advanced Topics 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29 GOVERNMENT POLICY AND STANDARDS FOR BIOENERGY 544\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSami Kumar Khanal Gal Hochman Ajay Shah and Jeffrey M. Bielicki\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 Overview of the Bioenergy Market 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2 Rationale for Government Intervention 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3 Government Intervention through Policy Tools 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.4 Biofuels Policy Implementations: Existing Policy Instruments 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.5 Implications of Biofuels Policies 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise Problems 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eINDEX 563\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49406890967383,"sku":"9781118568316","price":78.26,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781118568316.jpg?v=1730497460","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/bioenergy-9781118568316","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}