{"product_id":"biobased-composites-9781119641797","title":"Biobased Composites","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExplore the world of biocomposites with this one-stop resource edited by four international leaders in the field\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBio-basedComposites: Characterization, Properties, and Applications\u003c\/i\u003edelivers a comprehensive treatment of all known characterization methods, properties,and industry applications ofbio-basedcomposites materials.This unique, one-stop resource covers all major developments in the field from the last decade of research into this environmentally beneficial area.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe internationally recognized editors have selected resources that represent advances in the mechanical, thermal, tribological, and water sorption properties of bio-based composites, and cover new areas of research in physico-chemical analysis, flame retardancy, failure mechanisms, lifecycle assessment, and modeling of bio-based composites.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe low weight, low cost, excellent thermal recyclability, and biodegradability of bio-based composites make them ideal candidates toreplace engi\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Biobased Composites \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFaris M. AL-Oqla\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Biodegradable Materials 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Polymers in Tissue Engineering 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Environmental Realization 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Green Biomass-based Composites 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Selection Considerations 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2.1 Materials Implementation Requirements 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2.2 Material Cost 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Biomass Composites Characteristics and Testing 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Life-cycle Assessment 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Conclusions 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Processing Methods for Manufacture of Biobased Composites \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e15\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eP. Shenbaga Velu, N. J. Vignesh, and N. Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Biobased Materials 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Processing Methods 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Fabrication Techniques of Biobased Composites 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Solvent Casting and Particulate Leaching 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Emulsion Freeze Drying 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Electrospinning 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Blow Film Extrusion 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5 3D Printing 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Fillers and Reinforcements Used in the Preparation of Biobased Composites 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Biobased Fillers\/Reinforcements with Non-biobased Polymers 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Non-biobased Fillers\/Reinforcements with Biobased Polymers 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 Biobased Filler\/Reinforcement and Biobased Polymer 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Conclusion 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Physicochemical Analysis of Biobased Composites \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e29\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eN. J. Vignesh, P. Shenbaga Velu, and N. Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Performance of Biocomposites 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Tensile Properties 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Flexural Properties 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Impact Properties 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Creep 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Brittleness and Ductility 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Toughness 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Physicochemical Properties 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Conclusion 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Characterization of Biobased Composites \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e39\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnna Sienkiewicz and Piotr Czub\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Conception of Composites 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Classification of Biocomposites 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Materials for the Synthesis of Biobased Composites 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Biopolymers as Matrix of Green Composites 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Fibers as Natural Reinforcement 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Challenges of the Introduction of Natural Fiber 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Mechanical, Thermal, Tribological, and Dielectric Properties of Biobased Composites \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e53\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eT. Senthil Muthu Kumar, K. Senthilkumar, M. Chandrasekar, S. Karthikeyan, Nadir Ayrilmis, N. Rajini, and Suchart Siengchin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Characterization of Biobased Composites 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Factors Influencing Various Properties of the Biobased Composites 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Constituents of Biobased Composites 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Fabrication Techniques of Biobased Composites 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Aging and Their Impact on the Composite Properties 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Mechanical Properties of Biobased Composites 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Thermal Properties of Biobased Composites 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Thermogravimetric Analysis of Biobased Composites 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Biobased Composites 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Tribological Properties of Biobased Composites 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Dielectric Properties of Biobased Composites 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Conclusions 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Flame Retardancy of Biobased Composites \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e75\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eN. B. Karthik Babu, T. Ramesh, and Mohit Hemath Kumar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Flame Retardants 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Types of Flame Retardants 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Types of Biobased Polymer Composites Used in a Flame-Retardant Application 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Role and Effect of Natural Byproducts on the Flame-Retardant Behavior of a Biocomposite 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Flammability of Biochar Reinforced Biocomposites 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Commonly Used Agro-wastes to Improve the Flame Retardancy of a Biocomposite 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Role and Effect of Biobased Natural Fibers on the Flammability of a Biocomposite 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Summary 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Failure Mechanisms of Biobased Composites \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e87\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDipen Kumar Rajak, Durgesh D. Pagar, and Catalin I. Pruncu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Fiber Reinforcements in Biobased Composites 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Fiber Failures 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2.1 Fiber–Matrix Debonding 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2.2 Fiber Pullout 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2.3 Tear Type Failure 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Fiber Pretreatments 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3.1 Defibration 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3.2 Surface Modification 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3.3 Coupling Agent 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Matrix Materials for Biobased Composites 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Matrix Failure 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Matrix Treatment 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Trends in Biobased Composites 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Wood Plastic Composites 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1.1 Failure in WPC 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Hybrid Combination 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Adapted Manufacturing Technologies 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Injection Molding 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Liquid Composite Molding 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Other Failure Criteria 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Conclusion 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Recent Advances and Technologies of Biobased Composites \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e107\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eE. Biswas, S. Hawkins, K. Monroe, T. F. Garrison, and R. L. Quirino\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Recent Advances on Biobased Matrices 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Carbohydrate-Based Matrices 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Plant Oil-Based Matrices 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Biobased Polyester Matrices 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Natural Rubber 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Collagen 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Recent Advances on Biobased Reinforcements 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Biobased Fiber Reinforcements 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Wood Biochar-Based Reinforcements 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Biobased Nanocomposite Reinforcements 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3.1 Cellulose Nanocomposites 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3.2 Other Nanocomposites 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Recent Advances on Biobased Composite Processing 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Extrusion and Injection Molding Techniques 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Wet Lay-Up Techniques 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 3D Printing of Biobased Composites 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Conclusion 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Biocomposites for Energy Storage \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e123\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eM. Ramesh, J. Maniraj, and L. Rajesh Kumar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Fundamental Concepts 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Background 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Selection Parameters for Biocomposites 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Host Response and Biocompatibility 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Biofunctionality 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Functional Tissue Structure and Pathobiology 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Toxicology 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 Design and Manufacturability 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6 Mechanical Properties 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.7 Corrosion Resistance 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.8 Wear and Fatigue Resistance 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Biocomposites for Energy Storage 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Bioinspired Composite Materials 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Bioinspired Composites for Energy Storage 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Enzyme-Based Materials 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Biosensing\/Bioimaging Applications 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Conclusion 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Analysis of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of A Biobased Composite with Sisal Powder \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e143\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKátia Moreira, Thiago Santos, Caroliny Santos, Rubens Fonseca, Moises Melo, and Marcos Aquino\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Biobased Composites 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Polyester Matrix Composites 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Manufacture of Composites 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Physical–Mechanical Tests 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Conclusions 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Physico-Mechanical Properties of Biobased Composites \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e153\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eA. V. Kiruthika\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Biobased Fibers 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Biobased Matrices 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Physico-Mechanical Property of the Biobased Composites 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Density of Biobased Composites 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Mechanical Properties of Biobased Composites 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Applications of Biobased Composites 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Conclusions 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Synthesis and Utilization of Biodegradable Polymers \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e167\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLalit Ranakoti, Brijesh Gangil, Pawan Kumar Rakesh, and Nikita Agrawal\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Synthesis Techniques of Biodegradable Polymers 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 By Modifying Natural Polymers 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Polymers Synthesized by Chemicals 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Polymers Synthesized by Microorganisms 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Synthesis by Enzymes 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5 Synthesis by Chemo-Enzymes 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Biodegradable Polymers and Their Synthesis 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Starch 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Polylactic Acid 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Polycaprolactone 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoates\/Polyhydroxybutyrate 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.5 Starch–Polyolefin Blends 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.6 Starch–Polyester Blends 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.7 Starch–PLA Blends 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Applications of Biopolymers in Industries 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Conclusion 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Forecasts of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Composites and Its Degradability Concerns – A Review \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e175\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eD. Divya, S. Indran, M. R. Sanjay, and Suchart Siengchin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Recent Trends of Natural Fiber Production from Plants 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Magnitude of Natural Fibers at this Juncture 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Constraints and Competence of Natural Fibers 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Degradability of Polymeric Natural Fiber Composites 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Marine Application of Natural Fiber Composites and Its Degradation 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Conclusion 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Biofibers and Biopolymers for Biocomposites – in the Eyes of Spectroscopy \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e197\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMadhu Yadav, Jamal Akhter Siddique, Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan, Anish Khan, and Abdullah M. Asiri\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Polylactic Acid 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.3 Polycaprolactone 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Characterization 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1.1 Morphological Inspection by SEM 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1.2 Degree of Adhesion by SEM 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1.3 Water Absorption of Composites by SEM 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Optical Microscopy 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Atomic Force Microscopy 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 Spectroscopic Techniques 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5.1 NMR Analysis 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5.2 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5.3 Acoustic Emission Spectrometry 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Conclusions 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Environmental Impact Study on Biobased Composites Using Lifecycle Methodology \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e213\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eP. Ramesh, H. Mohit, and V. Arul Mozhi Selvan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Lifecycle Assessment 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Goal and Scope 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Inventory Data 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Impact Assessment 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Interpretation 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Simplified Case Study 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Goal and Scope 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 System Boundary 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Inventory Analysis 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Impact Assessment 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Results 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.1 Normalization 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Conclusion 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 223\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407107006807,"sku":"9781119641797","price":109.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119641797.jpg?v=1730498201","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/biobased-composites-9781119641797","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}