{"product_id":"aquatic-pollution-9781119304500","title":"Aquatic Pollution","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSince the publication of the third edition of \u003ci\u003eAquatic Pollution \u003c\/i\u003ein 2000, there have been many major developments within the field in terms of research, regulations, and also large-scale catastrophes that have had a significant impact on the aquatic environment; the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and the Fukushima nuclear disaster have taken their toll, and research on ocean acidification has developed enormously over the last decade. Recognizing, controlling, and mitigating aquatic pollution on a global scale is one of the most important and most difficult challenges facing society today.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFully updated to reflect current understanding and discussing these major recent developments, this fourth edition of \u003ci\u003eAquatic Pollution \u003c\/i\u003ecovers every aspect of pollution associated with urban runoff, acid rain, sewage disposal, pesticides, oil spills, nutrient loading, and more. Case studies of major pollution sites, all original to this new edition, help to illustrate points made\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Fundamental Concepts 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimple Food Chain Theory 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcological Pyramids 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecycling and the Microbial Loop 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood Chain Magnification 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood Webs 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood Webs and Ecosystem Stability 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Photosynthesis 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLight Limitation of Photosynthesis 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient Limitation of Photosynthesis 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient Enrichment Experiments 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong Island Bays 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCanadian Experimental Lakes 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen versus Phosphorus Limitation 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Physical Factors Affecting Production 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Properties of Water 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Column Stability and Overturning 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Importance of Overturning 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeasonal Production Cycles 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrophic Status 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSusceptibility of Systems to Oxygen Depletion 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstuaries: A Special Case 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChesapeake Bay 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Cultural Eutrophication Case Studies 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study 1: Lake Washington 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of Eutrophication 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Sewage Diversion 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient Limitation 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygen Depletion 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Clarity 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCyanobacteria 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheoretical Predictions 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study 2: Lake Erie 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Destruction of Fish Spawning and Nursery Grounds as a Result of Land‐Use Modifications 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Depletion of Fish Stocks Due to Overfishing 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Creation of Anoxic Bottom Water Conditions Due to Cultural Eutrophication 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Disposal of Toxic Wastes 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSediment in Land Runoff 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContamination of Nearshore Areas with Sewage Wastes 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemedial Efforts 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxic Substances 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEutrophication 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProspects for Lake Erie 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Study 3: Kaneohe Bay 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Setting 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Coral Reefs 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrbanization of the Watershed 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in Land Runoff 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSewage Disposal 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Sewage Disposal 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponse to Sewage Diversion 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent Status and Prospects for Kaneohe Bay 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Nonpoint Source Pollution 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinitions 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComposition of Land Runoff 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Sewer Systems 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrective Measures 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of Settling Basins 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGround Recharge Basins 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStorage in Underflow Tunnels or Tanks 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinimizing Runoff 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Case Study: Lake Jackson, Florida 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Sewage Treatment 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Treatment 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary Treatment for BOD Removal 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrickling Filters 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActivated Sludge 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePros and Cons of Trickling Filter and Activated Sludge Treatment 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Anaerobic Digester 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTertiary Treatment 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhosphorus Removal 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen Removal 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCost of Conventional Sewage Treatment 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLand Application of Sewage 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults of Spray Irrigation Studies 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimiting Factors 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of Sewage Sludge 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnconventional Sewage Treatment 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetergent Phosphates 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Pathogens in Natural Waters 195\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Pathogens 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Pathogens and Their Detection 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial Pathogens 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtozoan Pathogens 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViral Pathogens 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelminths 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTests for Pathogens 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of Public Water Supplies 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemoval of Suspended Solids 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFiltration 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChlorination 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternatives to Chlorination 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact of Treatment 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Toxicology 229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Role of Toxicology in Water Quality Management 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKinds of Toxicity 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSublethal Effects 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReproduction 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment and Growth 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavior 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermination of Toxicity 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute Toxicity Determination 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Toxicity Determination 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian Survival Times 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncipient Lethal Levels 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSublethal Effects 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Quality Standards 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute Effects 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Toxicity 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute\/Chronic Ratios 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicity to Plants 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Two-Number Criterion 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplicating Factors 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteractions with Harmless Substances or Conditions 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorporation into Water Quality Guidelines 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConditioning and Acclimation 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteractions between Toxic Substances 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic Health 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNoncarcinogenic Effects 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication to Cadmium 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcinogenic Effects 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtection of Wildlife 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Industrial Pollution 273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Oxygen Sag 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInnovative Strategies for Reducing Industrial Pollution 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hawaiian Sugar Cane Industry 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSugar Cane Production: Field Operations 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSugar Cane Production: Harvesting 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSugar Cane Production: Factory Operations 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurvey of Water Pollution Problems 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponse to the EPA Survey 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresent Status of the Industry 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pulp and Paper Industry 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSteps in the Production of Paper 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObjectionable Characteristics of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuspended Solids 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDissolved Organics 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxic Substances 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWastewater Treatment 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Case Study: The Buckeye Cellulose Corporation Pulp and Paper Mill at Perry, Florida 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Pesticides and Persistent Organic Pollutants 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of Pesticides 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMode of Action 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePesticide Use 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic Health 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of DDT to Control Malaria 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgriculture 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForestry 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePesticide Effects on Nontarget Species 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForest Spraying with DDT to Control Spruce Budworms in New Brunswick, Canada 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDDD Treatment to Control Gnat Populations on Clear Lake, California 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExaggerated and\/or Erroneous Charges against Pesticide Use 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Destruction of Speckled Sea Trout in the Laguna Madre, Texas 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDDT Reduces Photosynthesis by Marine Phytoplankton 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDDT Residues of 5 ppm (Wet Weight) in the Eggs of Freshwater Trout Result in 100% Mortality of Fry 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDDT Causes Cancer 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplications 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePesticide Persistence in the Biosphere and Food Chain Magnification 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePesticide Effects on Birds 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eField Observations 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaboratory Studies 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Pesticide Effects on Birds 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePest Resistance 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Resistance 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cost of Pest Resistance 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternatives to Synthetic Pesticide Use 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological Control 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Predators and Parasites 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathogens and Natural Toxins 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic Control 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistant Plants 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSterile Males 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Control 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated Pest Management 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEPA Hearings, 13 January, 1972. Afternoon Session 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistent Organic Pollutants 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolychlorinated Biphenyls 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems with PCBs 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistence of PCBs 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Thermal Pollution and Power Plants 375\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower Plant Design 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Quality Criteria 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCooling Water System Characteristics 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxic Effects of Effluent Waters on Biota 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSublethal Effects 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Case Study – The Florida Power and Light Power Plant at Turkey Point 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Study Area 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Power Plant 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on Biota 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModifications 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCooling Canals 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCooling Towers 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal Plant Kills 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreen Impingements 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInner Plant Kills 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible Beneficial Uses of Thermal Discharges 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCogeneration Power Plants 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgriculture 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAquaculture 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Uses 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Metals 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Question of Biological Magnification 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Studies 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMercury 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction and Uses 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluxes to the Environment 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpeciation of Mercury and Toxicology 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinamata Bay: A Case Study 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeafood Consumption 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCadmium 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution, Production, and Uses 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmissions to the Environment 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Fluxes to Aquatic Systems 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthropogenic Fluxes to Aquatic Systems 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicity 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItai‐Itai Disease: A Case Study 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives and Prospects for the Future 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLead 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction and Use 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmissions 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicology 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Oil Pollution 479\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOil Discharges to the Marine Environment 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Sources 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarine Seeps 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthropogenic Sources 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlatforms 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtmospheric Deposition 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduced Waters 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePipeline Spills 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTanker Spills 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperational Discharges (Cargo Washings) 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoastal Facility Spills (Refined Products) 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtmospheric Deposition (From Tankers) 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLand‐Based Runoff 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecreational Marine Vessels 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpills (Non‐tankers) 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperational Discharges (Vessels \u0026gt;100 GT) 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperational Discharges (Vessels \u0026lt;100 GT) 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtmospheric Deposition 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAircraft Dumping 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Genesis of Oil 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSedimentation 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetamorphosis 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMigration 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is Oil? 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlkanes: Paraffins or Aliphatic Compounds 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCycloalkanes or Naphthenes 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAromatics 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicology 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOiling and Ingestion 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeathering 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLethal and Sublethal Effects 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Health 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase Studies 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExxon Valdez 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Accident and Initial Containment Efforts 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCleanup 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFate of Spilled Oil 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on Organisms 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeepwater Horizon 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuzzards Bay 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevention 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCleanup 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOffloading 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBurning 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Dispersal 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical Containment and Cleanup 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSinking 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioremediation 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOil Fingerprinting 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Radioactivity 529\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Background 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiation Toxicology 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe No Threshold and Linear Dose–Response Hypotheses 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth Effect Estimates 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent Levels of Exposure 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportance of Certain Radionuclides 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on Aquatic Systems 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNuclear Fission and Fission Reactors 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNuclear Fusion 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiation Releases by Power Plants 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoutine Radionuclide Releases 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccidents 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe NRX Accident 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindscale 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe SL‐1 Incident 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fermi Reactor Accident 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Three Mile Island Incident 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChernobyl 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFukushima Daiichi 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWaste Disposal 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Radioactive Waste 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of Disposal 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Search for Long‐Term Disposal Sites 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransmutation 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUranium Mine Wastes 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecommissioning Nuclear Reactors 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Acid Deposition and Ocean Acidification 589\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid Deposition 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid Rain 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of the Acid Deposition Problem 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSusceptibility of Lakes to Acid Deposition Effects 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid Deposition Toxicology 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnitude of Anthropogenic Emissions 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSo X Removal 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePretreatment 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConversion 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoal Gasification 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoal Liquefaction 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethanol Production 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombustion 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluidized Bed Combustion 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLime Injection in Multistage Burners (LIMB) 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost‐combustion 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStack Gas Scrubbing 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectron Beam Method 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo X Removal 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePretreatment and Conversion 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombustion 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost‐combustion 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated Gasification Combined Cycle 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComments 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLegal Aspects 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Case Study: The Netherlands 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommentary 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcean Acidification 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolutions 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Groundwater Pollution 623\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliance on Groundwater 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Aquifer Information 624\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverdrafting 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Extent of Groundwater Pollution 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeptic Tanks 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaltwater Contamination 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFracking 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSewage 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMining Activities 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaking Underground Storage Tanks 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxic Chemicals 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIllegal Disposal 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnitude of the Problem 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Case Study: The Rocky Mountain Arsenal 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLegal Considerations 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRcra 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSdwa 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCwa 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCercla 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Legislation 646\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnforcement 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCleanup 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevention 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe EPA Groundwater Protection Strategy 653\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 655\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Plastics in the Sea 659\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nature of the Problem 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAesthetics 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIngestion 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntanglement 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGhost Fishing 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Causes of Entanglement 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDamage to Vessels 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrectives 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarpol Annex V 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Legislation 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegradable Plastic 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolutions Through Technology 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducation 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 675\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnits of Measurement and Abbreviations 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAquatic Pollution 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Questions 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 705\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 707\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 733\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51039265489239,"sku":"9781119304500","price":75.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119304500.jpg?v=1750943101","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/aquatic-pollution-9781119304500","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}