{"product_id":"an-introduction-to-thermodynamic-cycle-simulations-for-internal-combustion-engines-9781119037569","title":"An Introduction to Thermodynamic Cycle","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book provides an introduction to basic thermodynamic engine cycle simulations, and provides a substantial set of results. Key features includes comprehensive and detailed documentation of the mathematical foundations and solutions required for thermodynamic engine cycle simulations. The book includes a thorough presentation of results based on the second law of thermodynamics as well as results for advanced, high efficiency engines. Case studies that illustrate the use of engine cycle simulations are also provided.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface xiii \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Reasons for Studying Engines 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Engine Types and Operation 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Reasons for Cycle Simulations 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Educational Value 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Guide Experimentation 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Only Technique to Study Certain Variables 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Complete Extensive Parametric Studies 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Opportunities for Optimization 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.6 Simulations for Real]time Control 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.7 Summary 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Brief Comments on the History of Simulations 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Overview of Book Content 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Overview of Engines and Their Operation 9\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Goals of Engine Designs 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Engine Classifications by Applications 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Engine Characteristics 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Basic Engine Components 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Engine Operating Cycles 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Performance Parameters 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Work, Power, and Torque 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Mean Effective Pressure 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Thermal Efficiencies 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 Specific Fuel Consumption 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.5 Other Parameters 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Summary 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Overview of Engine Cycle Simulations 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Ideal (Air Standard) Cycle Analyses 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Thermodynamic Engine Cycle Simulations 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Quasi]dimensional Thermodynamic Engine Cycle Simulations 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Multi]dimensional Simulations 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Commercial Products 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.1 Thermodynamic Simulations 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6.2 Multi]dimensional Simulations 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Summary 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3.A: A Brief Summary of the Thermodynamics of the “Otto” Cycle Analysis 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Properties of the Working Fluids 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Unburned Mixture Composition 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Oxygen]containing Fuels 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Oxidizers 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Fuels 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Burned Mixture (“Frozen” Composition) 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Equilibrium Composition 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Determinations of the Thermodynamic Properties 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Results for the Thermodynamic Properties 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Summary 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Thermodynamic Formulations 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Approximations and Assumptions 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Formulations 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 One]Zone Formulation 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Two]Zone Formulation 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Three]Zone Formulation 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Comments on the Three Formulations 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Summary 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Items and Procedures for Solutions 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Items Needed to Solve the Energy Equations 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Thermodynamic Properties 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Kinematics 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Combustion Process (Mass Fraction Burned) 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Cylinder Heat Transfer 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Mass Flow Rates 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 Mass Conservation 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.7 Friction 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.8 Pollutant Calculations 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.9 Other Sub]models 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Numerical Solution 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Initial and Boundary Conditions 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Internal Consistency Checks 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Summary 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Basic Results 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Engine Specifications and Operating Conditions 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Results and Discussion 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Cylinder Volumes, Pressures, and Temperatures 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Cylinder Masses and Flow Rates 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Specific Enthalpy and Internal Energy 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Molecular Masses, Gas Constants, and Mole Fractions 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Energy Distribution and Work 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Summary and Conclusions 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Performance Results 119\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Engine and Operating Conditions 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Performance Results (Part I)—Functions of Load and Speed 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Performance Results (Part II)—Functions of Operating\/Design Parameters 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Combustion Timing 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Compression Ratio 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Equivalence Ratio 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.4 Burn Duration 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.5 Inlet Temperature 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.6 Residual Mass Fraction 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.7 Exhaust Pressure 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.8 Exhaust Gas Temperature 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.9 Exhaust Gas Recirculation 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.10 Pumping Work 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Summary and Conclusions 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Second Law Results 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Exergy 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Previous Literature 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Formulation of Second Law Analyses 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Results from the Second Law Analyses 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Basic Results 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Parametric Results 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Auxiliary Comments 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Summary and Conclusions 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Other Engine Combustion Processes 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Diesel Engine Combustion 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Best Features from SI and CI Engines 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Other Combustion Processes 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Stratified Charge Combustion 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Low Temperature Combustion 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Challenges of Alternative Combustion Processes 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Applications of the Simulations for Other Combustion Processes 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Summary 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Case Studies: Introduction 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Case Studies 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Common Elements of the Case Studies 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 General Methodology of the Case Studies 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Combustion: Heat Release and Phasing 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Engine and Operating Conditions 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Part I: Heat Release Schedule 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Results for the Heat Release Rate 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Part II: Combustion Phasing 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Results for Combustion Phasing 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Summary and Conclusions 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Cylinder Heat Transfer 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Basic Relations 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Previous Literature 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Woschni Correlation 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Summary of Correlations 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Results and Discussion 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Conventional Engine 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Engines Utilizing Low Heat Rejection Concepts 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Engines Utilizing Adiabatic EGR 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Summary and Conclusions 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Fuels 253\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Fuel Specifications 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Engine and Operating Conditions 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Results and Discussion 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Assumptions and Constraints 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Basic Results 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 Engine Performance Results 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.4 Second Law Results 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Summary and Conclusions 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 14.A: Energy and Exergy Distributions for the Eight Fuels at the Base Case Conditions (bmep = 325 kPa, 2000 rpm, ϕ = 1.0 and MBT timing) 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Oxygen]Enriched Air 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Previous Literature 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Engine and Operating Conditions 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Results and Discussion 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Strategy for This Study 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Basic Thermodynamic Properties 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Base Engine Performance 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.4 Parametric Engine Performance 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.5 Nitric Oxide Emissions 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Summary and Conclusions 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Overexpanded Engine 295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Engine, Constraints, and Approach 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Engine and Operating Conditions 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Constraints 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 Approach 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Results and Discussion 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Part Load 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Wide]Open Throttle 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Summary and Conclusions 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Nitric Oxide Emissions 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Nitric Oxide Kinetics 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Thermal Nitric Oxide Mechanism 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 “Prompt” Nitric Oxide Mechanism 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.3 Nitrous Oxide Route Mechanism 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.4 Fuel Nitrogen Mechanism 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Nitric Oxide Computations 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Kinetic Rates 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Engine and Operating Conditions 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Results and Discussion 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.1 Basic Chemical Kinetic Results 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.2 Time]Resolved Nitric Oxide Results 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.3 Engine Nitric Oxide Results 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Summary and Conclusions 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 High Efficiency Engines 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Engine and Operating Conditions 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Results and Discussion 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Overall Assessment 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Effects of Individual Parameters 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.3 Emissions and Exergy 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.4 Effects of Combustion Parameters 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Summary and Conclusions 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Summary: Thermodynamics of Engines 355\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Summaries of Chapters 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Fundamental Thermodynamic Foundations of IC Engines 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 1: Heat Engines versus Chemical Conversion Devices 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 2: Air]Standard Cycles 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 3: Importance of Compression Ratio 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 4: Importance of the Ratio of Specific Heats 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 5: Cylinder Heat Transfer 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 6: The Potential of a Low Heat Rejection Engine 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 7: Lean Operation and the Use of EGR 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 8: Insights from the Second Law of Thermodynamics 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 9: Timing of the Combustion Process 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem 10: Technical Assessments of Engine Concepts 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Concluding Remarks 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 363\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49528844452183,"sku":"9781119037569","price":92.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119037569.jpg?v=1731873246","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/an-introduction-to-thermodynamic-cycle-simulations-for-internal-combustion-engines-9781119037569","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}