{"product_id":"an-introduction-to-forensic-geoscience-9781405160544","title":"An Introduction to Forensic Geoscience","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn Introduction to Forensic Geoscience provides fundamental training in geoscience as developed through the lens of its forensic applications. It incorporates a range of topics including geophysical methods of grave detection, the mineralogy of art, identification of microfossils, and comparison of soil trace evidence samples.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"Overall, the book is well produced on acid-free, high-quality paper. In addition to the colour plates (also available online), there are many helpful line drawings and a host of Tables with useful information. I suggest that even professional geoscientists involved in forensic work might welcome this book as an aide-memoire. In addition, it is very good value at the price.\" (\u003ci\u003eSoil Use and Management\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 December 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"The well-written book contains a wealth of information in the form of determinative tables and illustrations. Anyone interested in geology and forensics will find this a useful resource. \u003cb\u003eSumming Up: Highly recommended\u003c\/b\u003e. Lower-division undergraduates through professionals\/practitioners.\" (\u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 November 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Apart introducing the interested layman to the fascinating applications of geoforensics, \u003ci\u003eAn Introduction to Forensic Geoscience\u003c\/i\u003e can also be used by teachers and undergraduate students of earth sciences as resourceful 'physical geology' textbook, even if the book addresses the U.S. market, as many cited laws or classification schemes are valid only in the States.\u003cbr\u003eStudents or professionals in forensic sciences will profit from an easily accessible text to geological concepts, which emphasize the strengths – but also the limitations – of geology applied to the prosecution of crimes.\" (David Bressan, \u003ci\u003eScientific American\u003c\/i\u003e, 11 October 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Tables and Figures vii\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eList of Color Plates xxv\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eList of Cases xxviii\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreface xxx\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments xxxii\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 A Brief History of Forensic Science and Crime Scene Basics 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScene of the Crime 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcessing the Crime Scene 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Evidence 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 23\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Minerals: The Basic Building Blocks of Geology 24\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineralogical Fraud 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinerals 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Bonding 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral Groups 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of Minerals 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 62\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Rocks: Storybooks of the Earth 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Rock Cycle 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of Rocks 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIgneous Rocks 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSedimentary Rocks 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetamorphic Rocks 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 102\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Maps: Getting a Sense of Place 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Location Systems 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaps in the United Kingdom 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Global Positioning System 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaps 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemote Sensing and Other Resources 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 131\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Sand: To See the World in a Grain of Sand 132\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Introduction to Sand 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacterizing Sand 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Features 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample Collection 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample Preparation 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Stereomicroscope 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForensic Examination of Sand 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Minerals 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLess Common Minerals 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpaque Minerals 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthropogenic Materials 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 166\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Gems and Gemstones: Those Most Precious of all Minerals 168\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Introduction to Gemstones 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrystal Forms 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Petrographic Microscope 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLight and the Optical Properties of Minerals 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Forensic Identifi cation of Glass 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore Optical Properties 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsotropic versus Anisotropic Minerals 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnisotropic Crystals 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Important Properties of Gems and Gemstones 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentifying Gems and Gemstones 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic Gemstones 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 218\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Soil: Getting the Dirt on Crime 220\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Soils 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Horizons 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Origins 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhyllosilicates (Sheet Silicates) 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Important Clay Minerals 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Classification 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Color 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Moisture 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticle Size 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample Collection 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimplified Manual Dry Sieve Method for Particle Size Analysis 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Classification Schemes 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Survey Maps 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSDA Textural Classification 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ASTM Unified Soil Classification System (USCS): D-2487 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScene Examination 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual Examination of Soil Evidence 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamination Procedures for Soil Samples 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Introduction to X-ray Diffraction Spectrometry (XRD) 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpreting a Diffraction Pattern 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 279\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 The Geology of Art 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeologic Media and Art Forgery 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral Pigments 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlack Pigments 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhite Pigments 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarth Colors: Red Yellow Orange and Brown Pigments 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlue Pigments 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreen Pigments 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollecting a Sample for Microscopic Examination (McCrone 1982) 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRaman Spectroscopy 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChromatography 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInks 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 315\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Fossils and Microfossils: Traces of Life 317\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeologic Time and Index Fossils 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Introduction to Fossils 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Brief Introduction to the Classification of Fossils 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvertebrate Paleontology 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicropaleontology 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollection and Treatment 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScanning Electron Microscope 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs It Legal to Take This Fossil? 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRare-earth Elements 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 380\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Geology and People: Forensic Anthropology and Forensic Archeology 383\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocating Ground Disturbances 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSearch 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeophysical Tools 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetometry 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrical Resistivity (ER) 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectromagnetic Induction (EMI) 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecialized EMI: Metal Detectors 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGround-penetrating Radar (GPR) 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSearch and Post-search Operations 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElemental and Mineralogical Analysis of Human Bone 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 428\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Environmental Forensics: Tracking Pollution to its Source 431\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater: Our Most Precious Natural Resource 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Water 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClean Water Act 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCERCLA and SARA 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroundwater 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContaminant Hydrogeology 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSafe Drinking Water Act 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater-quality Measurements 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eField Water-quality Measurements 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Contamination 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalytical Techniques for Chemical Fingerprinting 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsotopes in the Environment 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 471\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIndex 472\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eColor Plates appear between pages 224 and 225\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCOMPANION WEBSITE\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book has a companion website: www.wiley.com\/go\/bergslien\/forensicgeoscience with Figures and Tables from the book\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default 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