{"product_id":"aircraft-propulsion-9781119718642","title":"Aircraft Propulsion","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface to the Third Edition xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction: Propulsion in Sustainable Aviation 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 History of the Airbreathing Jet Engine, a Twentieth-Century Invention—The Beginning 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Innovations in Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Multispool Configuration 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Variable Stator 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Transonic Compressor 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Low-Emission Combustor 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Turbine Cooling 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 Exhaust Nozzles 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.7 Modern Materials and Manufacturing Techniques 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Twenty-first Century Aviation Goal: Sustainability 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Combustion Emissions 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Greenhouse Gases 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Fuels for Sustainable Aviation 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 New Engine Concepts in Sustainable Aviation 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Advanced GT Concepts: ATP\/CROR and GTF 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Adaptive Cycle Engine 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Advanced Airbreathing Rocket Technology 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Wave Rotor Topping Cycle 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4.1 Humphrey Cycle versus Brayton Cycle 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.6 Millimeter-Scale Gas Turbine Engines: Triumph of MEMS and Digital Fabrication 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.7 Combined Cycle Propulsion: Engines from Takeoff to Space 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.8 Hybrid-Electric and Distributed Electric Propulsion 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 New Vehicle Technologies 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Summary 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Roadmap for the Third Edition 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Compressible Flow with Friction and Heat: A Review 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 A Brief Review of Thermodynamics 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Isentropic Process and Isentropic Flow 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conservation Principles for Systems and Control Volumes 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Speed of Sound and Mach Number 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Stagnation State 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Quasi-One-Dimensional Flow 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Area-Mach Number Relationship 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Sonic Throat 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Waves in Supersonic Flow 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Normal Shocks 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Oblique Shocks 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Conical Shocks 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14 Expansion Waves 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15 Frictionless, Constant-Area Duct Flow with Heat Transfer: \u003ci\u003eRayleigh Flow\u003c\/i\u003e 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.16 Adiabatic Flow of a Calorically Perfect Gas in a Constant-Area Duct with Friction: \u003ci\u003eFanno Flow\u003c\/i\u003e 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.17 Friction (drag) coefficient C\u003csub\u003ef\u003c\/sub\u003e and D’Arcy Friction Factor f\u003csub\u003eD\u003c\/sub\u003e 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.18 Dimensionless Parameters 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19 Fluid Impulse 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20 Summary of Fluid Impulse 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Engine Thrust and Performance Parameters 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Takeoff Thrust 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Installed Thrust—Some Bookkeeping Issues on Thrust and Drag 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Engine Thrust Based on the Sum of Component Impulse 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Rocket Thrust 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Airbreathing Engine Performance Parameters 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Specific Thrust 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Specific Fuel Consumption and Specific Impulse 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Thermal Efficiency 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Propulsive Efficiency 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5 Engine Overall Efficiency and Its Impact on Aircraft Range and Endurance 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Modern Engines, Their Architecture, and Some Performance Characteristics 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Summary 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Gas Turbine Engine Cycle Analysis 167\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Gas Generator 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 The Turbojet Engine 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.1 The Inlet 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.2 The Compressor 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.3 The Burner 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.4 The Turbine 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.5 The Nozzle 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.6 Thermal Efficiency of a Turbojet Engine 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.7 Propulsive Efficiency of a Turbojet Engine 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.8 The Overall Efficiency of a Turbojet Engine 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.9 Performance Evaluation of a Turbojet Engine 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 The Turbojet Engine with an Afterburner 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.1 Introduction 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.2 Analysis 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.3 Optimum Compressor Pressure Ratio for Maximum (Ideal) Thrust Turbojet Engine with Afterburner 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 The Turbofan Engine 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.1 Introduction 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.2 Analysis of a Separate-Exhaust Turbofan Engine 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.3 Thermal Efficiency of a Turbofan Engine 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.4 Propulsive Efficiency of a Turbofan Engine 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Ultra-High Bypass (UHB) Turbofan Engines 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Analysis of a Mixed-Exhaust Turbofan Engine with an Afterburner 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Mixer 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Cycle Analysis 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.1 Solution Procedure 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 The Turboprop Engine 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Introduction 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Propeller Theory 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.1 Momentum Theory 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.2 Blade Element Theory 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Turboprop Cycle Analysis 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.1 The New Parameters 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.2 Design Point Analysis 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3.3 Optimum Power Split Between the Propeller and the Jet 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Promising Propulsion and Power Technologies in Sustainable Aviation 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Distributed Combustion Concepts in Advanced Gas Turbine Engine Core 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Multi-Fuel (Cryogenic-Kerosene) Hybrid Propulsion Concept 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Intercooled and Recuperated Turbofan Engines 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Active Core Concepts 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.5 Wave-Rotor Combustion 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6 Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6.1 Idealized Laboratory PDE: Thrust Tube 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6.2 Pulse Detonation Ramjet 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6.3 Turbofan Engine with PDE 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6.4 Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine (PDRE) 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.6.5 Vehicle-Level Performance Evaluation of PDE 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.7 Adaptive Cycle Engines (ACE) 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Summary 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 General Aviation and Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Propulsion System 319\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Cycle Analysis 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Otto Cycle 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Real Engine Cycles 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.1 Four-Stroke Cycle Engines 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.2 Diesel Engines 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.3 Two-Stroke Cycle Engines 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2.4 Rotary (Wankel) Engines 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Power and Efficiency 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Engine Components and Classifications 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Engine Components 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Reciprocating Engine Classifications 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.1 Classification by Cylinder Arrangement 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.2 Classification by Cooling Arrangement 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.3 Classification by Operating Cycle 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.4 Classification by Ignition Type 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Scaling of Aircraft Reciprocating Engines 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Scaling of Aircraft Diesel Engines 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Aircraft Engine Systems 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Aviation Fuels and Engine Knock 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Carburetion and Fuel Injection Systems 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.1 Float-Type Carburetors 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.2 Pressure Injection Carburetors 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.3 Fuel Injection Systems 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.4 Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Ignition Systems 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.1 Battery Ignition Systems 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.2 High Tension Ignition System 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.3 Low Tension Ignition System 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.4 Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.5 Ignition Boosters 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3.6 Spark Plugs 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Lubrication Systems 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.5 Supercharging 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Electric Engines 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Electric Motors 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Solar cells 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Advanced Batteries 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4 Fuel cells 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.5 State of the Art for Electric Propulsion – Future Technology 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Propellers and Reduction Gears 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Aircraft Engine Inlets and Nozzles 361\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 The Flight Mach Number and its Impact on Inlet Duct Geometry 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Diffusers 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 An Ideal Diffuser 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Real Diffusers and their Stall Characteristics 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Subsonic Diffuser Performance 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Subsonic Cruise Inlet 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Transition Ducts 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 An Interim Summary for Subsonic Inlets 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Supersonic Inlets 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.1 Isentropic Convergent–Divergent Inlets 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2 Methods to Start a Supersonic Convergent–Divergent Inlet 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2.1 Overspeeding 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2.2 Kantrowitz–Donaldson Inlet 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2.3 Variable-Throat Isentropic C–D Inlet 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Normal Shock Inlets 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 External Compression Inlets 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.1 Optimum Ramp Angles 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.2 Design and Off-Design Operation 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 Variable Geometry—External Compression Inlets 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13.1 Variable Ramps 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Mixed-Compression Inlets 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15 Supersonic Inlet Types and their Performance—A Review 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.16 Standards for Supersonic Inlet Recovery 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17 Exhaust Nozzle 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.18 Gross Thrust 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.19 Nozzle Adiabatic Efficiency 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.20 Nozzle Total Pressure Ratio 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.21 Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR) and Critical Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR\u003csub\u003ecrit\u003c\/sub\u003e) 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.22 Relation between Nozzle Figures of Merit, η\u003csub\u003en\u003c\/sub\u003e and π\u003csub\u003en\u003c\/sub\u003e 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.23 A Convergent Nozzle or a De Laval? 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.24 The Effect of Boundary Layer Formation on Nozzle Internal Performance 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.25 Nozzle Exit Flow Velocity Coefficient 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.26 Effect of Flow Angularity on Gross Thrust 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.27 Nozzle Gross Thrust Coefficient C\u003csub\u003efg\u003c\/sub\u003e 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.28 Over-Expanded Nozzle Flow—Shock Losses 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.29 Nozzle Area Scheduling, A\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e and A\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003e \/A\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.30 Nozzle Exit Area Scheduling, A\u003csub\u003e9\u003c\/sub\u003e \/A\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.31 Nozzle Cooling 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.32 Thrust Reverser and Thrust Vectoring 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.33 Hypersonic Nozzle 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.34 Exhaust Mixer and Gross Thrust Gain in a Mixed-Flow Turbofan Engine 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.35 Engine Noise 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.35.1 Subsonic Jet Noise 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.35.2 Chevron Nozzle 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.35.3 Supersonic Jet Noise 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.35.4 Engine Noise Mitigation through Wing Shielding 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.36 Nozzle-Turbine (Structural) Integration 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.37 Summary of Exhaust Systems 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Combustion Chambers and Afterburners 461\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Laws Governing Mixture of Gases 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Chemical Reaction and Flame Temperature 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Composition 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 The Law of Mass Action 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Equilibrium Constant K\u003csub\u003eP\u003c\/sub\u003e 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Chemical Kinetics 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Ignition and Relight Envelope 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Reaction Timescale 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Flammability Limits 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.4 Flame Speed 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.5 Flame Stability 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.6 Spontaneous Ignition Delay Time 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.7 Combustion-Generated Pollutants 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Combustion Chamber 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Combustion Chamber Total Pressure Loss 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Combustor Flow Pattern and Temperature Profile 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Combustor Liner and its Cooling Methods 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 Combustion Efficiency 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.5 Some Combustor Sizing and Scaling Laws 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.6 Afterburner 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Combustion-Generated Pollutants 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Greenhouse Gases, CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e and H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e O 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Carbon Monoxide, CO, and Unburned Hydrocarbons, UHC 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.3 Oxides of Nitrogen, NO and NO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.4 Smoke 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.5 Engine Emission Standards 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.6 Low-Emission Combustors 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.7 Impact of NO on the Ozone Layer 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Aviation Fuels 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Alternative Jet Fuels (AJFs) 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Conversion Pathways to Jet Fuel 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 AJF Evaluation and Certification\/Qualification 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3 Impact of Biofuel on Emissions 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Cryogenic Fuels 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.1.1 Composition of Natural Gas and LNG 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.2 Hydrogen 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.2.1 Hydrogen Production 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.2.2 Hydrogen Delivery and Storage 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10.3 Energy Density Comparison 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Combustion Instability: Screech and Rumble 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11.1 Screech Damper 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Summary 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Aerodynamics of Axial-Flow Compressors and Fans 563\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 The Geometry 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Rotor and Stator Frames of Reference 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 The Euler Turbine Equation 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Axial-Flow Versus Radial-Flow Machines 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Axial-Flow Compressors and Fans 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Definition of Flow Angles 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Stage Parameters 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 Cascade Aerodynamics 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.4 Aerodynamic Forces on Compressor Blades 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.5 Three-Dimensional Flow 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.5.1 Blade Vortex Design 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.5.2 Three-Dimensional Losses 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.5.3 Reynolds Number Effect 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Compressor Performance Map 624\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Compressor Instability – Stall and Surge 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Multistage Compressors and their Operating Line 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Multistage Compressor Stalling Pressure Rise and Stall Margin 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Multistage Compressor Starting Problem 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 The Effect of Inlet Flow Condition on Compressor Performance 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Isometric and Cutaway Views of Axial-Flow Compressor Hardware 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14 Compressor Design Parameters and Principles 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14.1 Blade Design – Blade Selection 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14.2 Compressor Annulus Design 655\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.14.3 Compressor Stall Margin 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.15 Concepts in Compressor and Fan Noise Mitigation 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.16 Summary 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Centrifugal Compressor Aerodynamics 689\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 689\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Centrifugal Compressors 690\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Radial Diffuser 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Inducer 706\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs) and Inducer-Less Impellers 709\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Impeller Exit Flow and Blockage Effects 709\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Efficiency and Performance 711\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Summary 713\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 715\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Aerothermodynamics of Gas Turbines 721\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 721\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Axial-Flow Turbines 721\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Optimal Nozzle Exit Swirl Mach Number M \u003csub\u003eθ2\u003c\/sub\u003e 733\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Turbine Blade Losses 736\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.1 Blade Profile Loss 737\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.2 Secondary Flow Losses 739\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.3 Annulus Losses 741\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Optimum Solidity 748\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Turbine Cooling 752\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4.1 Convective Cooling 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4.2 Impingement Cooling 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4.3 Film Cooling 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4.4 Transpiration Cooling 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Turbine Performance Map 764\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 The Effect of Cooling on Turbine Efficiency 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Turbine Blade Profile Design 766\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Angles 767\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Other Blade Geometrical Parameters 768\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Throat Sizing 769\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.4 Throat Reynolds Number Re\u003csub\u003eo\u003c\/sub\u003e 770\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.5 Turbine Blade Profile Design 770\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.6 Blade Vibration and Campbell Diagram 771\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.7 Turbine Blade and Disk Material Selection and Design Criteria 772\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Stresses in Turbine Blades and Disks and Useful Life Estimation 774\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Axial-Flow Turbine Design and Practices 777\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Gas Turbine Design Summary 785\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Advances in Turbine Material and Cooling 787\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Summary 788\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 789\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 791\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Aircraft Engine Component Matching and Off -Design Analysis 803\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 803\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Engine (Steady-State) Component Matching 804\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Engine Corrected Parameters 805\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Inlet-Compressor Matching 805\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Compressor–Combustor Matching 807\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Combustor–Turbine Matching 809\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Compressor–Turbine Matching and Gas Generator Pumping Characteristics 810\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5.1 Gas Generator Pumping Characteristics 812\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6 Turbine–Afterburner (Variable-Geometry) Nozzle Matching 818\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6.1 Fixed-Geometry Convergent Nozzle Matching 819\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Engine Off-Design Analysis 820\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Off-Design Analysis of a Turbojet Engine 821\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Off-Design Analysis of an Afterburning Turbojet Engine 824\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Off-Design Analysis of a Separate-Flow Turbofan (Two-Spool) Engine 827\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Unchoked Nozzles and Other Off-Design Iteration Strategies 832\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Unchoked Exhaust Nozzle 833\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Unchoked Turbine Nozzle 834\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Turbine Efficiency at Off-Design 834\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 Variable Gas Properties 835\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Principles of Engine Performance Testing 835\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Force of Inlet Bellmouth on Engine Thrust Stand 837\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1.1 Bellmouth Instrumentation 837\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1.2 The Effect of Fluid Viscosity 839\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1.3 The Force of Inlet Bellmouth on Engine Thrust Stand 840\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Summary 843\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 845\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 846\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Chemical Rocket and Hypersonic Propulsion 853\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 853\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 From Takeoff to Earth Orbit 855\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Chemical Rockets 856\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Chemical Rocket Applications 857\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Launch Engines 858\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Boost Engines 859\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Space Maneuver Engines 859\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Attitude Control and Orbital Correction Rockets 860\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 New Parameters in Rocket Propulsion 860\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Thrust Coefficient, C\u003csub\u003eF\u003c\/sub\u003e 863\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Characteristic Velocity, c\u003csup\u003e*\u003c\/sup\u003e 866\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Flight Performance 868\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Multistage Rockets 876\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Propulsive and Overall Efficiencies 878\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Chemical Rocket Combustion Chamber 879\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.1 Liquid Propellant Combustion Chambers 880\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.1.1 Some Design Guidelines for Injector Plates 884\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.1.2 Combustion Instabilities 885\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.2 Solid Propellant Combustion Chambers 885\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12 Thrust Chamber Cooling 892\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.1 Liquid Propellant Thrust Chambers 892\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12.2 Cooling of Solid Propellant Thrust Chambers 897\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13 Combustor Volume and Shape 898\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14 Rocket Nozzles 899\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.1 Multiphase Flow in Rocket Nozzles 904\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.2 Flow Expansion in Rocket Nozzles 910\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14.3 Thrust Vectoring Nozzles 911\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15 High-Speed Airbreathing Engines 913\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15.1 Supersonic Combustion Ramjet 917\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15.1.1 Inlet Analysis 919\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15.1.2 Scramjet Combustor 919\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15.1.3 Scramjet Nozzle 921\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.16 Rocket-Based Airbreathing Propulsion 921\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.17 Compact Fusion Reactor: The Path to Clean, Unlimited Energy 924\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.18 Summary 925\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 926\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 927\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. U.S. Standard Atmosphere 931\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Isentropic Table 935\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Normal Shock Table 952\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Rayleigh Flow 965\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE. Fanno Flow 974\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF. Prandtl–Meyer Function and Mach Angle 983\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eG. Oblique Shock Charts 986\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH. Conical Shock Charts 991\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 995\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407130829143,"sku":"9781119718642","price":91.15,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119718642.jpg?v=1730498285","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/aircraft-propulsion-9781119718642","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}