{"product_id":"agitator-design-for-gasliquid-fermenters-and-bioreactors-9781119650492","title":"Agitator Design for GasLiquid Fermenters and","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAGITATOR DESIGN FOR GAS-LIQUID FERMENTERS AND BIOREACTORS\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExplore the basic principles and concepts of the design of agitation systems for fermenters and bioreactors\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAgitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors\u003c\/i\u003e delivers a concise treatment and explanation of how to design mechanically sound agitation systems that will perform the agitation process function efficiently and economically. The book covers agitator fundamentals, impeller systems, optimum power and air flow at peak mass transfer calculations, optimizing operation for minimum energy per batch, heat transfer surfaces and calculations, shaft seal considerations, mounting methods, mechanical design, and vendor evaluation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe accomplished author has created a practical and hands-on tool that discusses the subject of agitation systems from first principles all the way to implementation in the real world. Step-by-step processes are included throughout the book to assist engineers, chemists,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword for Greg Benz xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Purpose of Agitator Design \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Major Steps in Successful Agitator Design \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefine Process Results 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefine Process Conditions 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoose Tank Geometry 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculate Equivalent Power\/Airflow Combinations for Equal Mass Transfer Rate 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoose Minimum Combined Power 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoose Shaft Speed; Size Impeller System to Draw Required Gassed Power 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecision Point: D\/T and Gassing Factors OK? 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical Design 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecision Point: Is the Mechanical Design Feasible? 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepeat to Find Lowest Cost 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepeat for Different Aspect Ratios 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepeat for Different Process Conditions 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinish 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Agitator Fundamentals \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgitated Tank Terminology 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrime Mover 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReducer 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShaft Seal 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWetted Parts 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTank Dimensions 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Agitation Parameters Are Calculated 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReynolds Number 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower Number 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePumping Number 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensionless Blend Time 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAeration Number 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGassing Factor 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNusselt Number 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFroude Number 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrandtl Number 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeometric Ratios 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaffle Number 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensionless Hydraulic Force 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThrust Number 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical Dimensionless Number Curves 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Primer on Rheology 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNewtonian Model 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePseudoplastic\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eor Shear Thinning, Model (Aka Power Law Fluid) 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBingham Plastic 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHerschel–Bulkley 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpeller Apparent Viscosity 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Bit of Impeller Physics 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreek Letters 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Agitator Behavior under Gassed Conditions \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlooding 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKla Method 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower Draw Method 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual Flow Pattern Method 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect on Power Draw 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHoldup 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample of Holdup Calculation 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHoldup “War Story” 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable Gas Flow Operation 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical Effects 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Impeller Types Used in Fermenters \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpeller Flow Patterns 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAxial Flow 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadial Flow 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixed Flow 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChaos Flow 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of Axial Flow Impellers 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow Solidity 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh Solidity 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUp-pumping vs. Down Pumping 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of Radial Flow Impellers 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStraight Blade Impeller 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisc, aka Rushton, Turbines 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmith Turbines 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCD-6 Turbine by Chemineer; aka Smith Turbine by Many Manufacturers 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeeply Concave Turbines 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeep Asymmetric Concave Turbine with Overhang (BT-6) 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of Mixed Flow Impellers 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of Chaos Impellers 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShear Effects 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecialty Impellers 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Impeller Systems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Do We Need a System? 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReaction Engineering 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFermenter History 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSteps to Impeller System Design 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoose Number of Impellers 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoose Placement of Impellers 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoose Type(s) of Impellers 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoose Power Split or Distribution Among Impellers 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoose D\/T and\/or Shaft Speed 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD\/T Effects with Variable Gas Flowrates 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions on D\/T Ratio 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign to Minimize Shear Damage 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSparger Design 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRing Sparger 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre-dispersion 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFine Bubble Diffuser 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Piloting for Mass Transfer \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Pilot for Mass Transfer 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods for Determining kla 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSulfite Method 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDynamic Method; aka Dynamic Gassing\/Degassing Method 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSteady-State Method; aka Mass Balance Method 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombined Dynamic and Steady-State Method 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquipment Needed for Scalable Data 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData Gathering Needs 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental Protocol 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Power and Gas Flow Design and Optimization \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat This Chapter Is about 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere We Are in Terms of Design 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign with no Data 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign with Limited Pilot Data 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign with Full Data 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoose Minimum Combined Power 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eState of Design Completion 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Considerations 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Optimizing Operation for Minimum Energy Consumption per Batch \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e145\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurpose of This Chapter 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrerequisite 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConceptual Overview 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetailed Procedure 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinimizing Total Energy Usage 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractical Design 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Considerations 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Heat Transfer Surfaces and Calculations \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurpose of This Chapter 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Philosophy 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of the Problem 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeat Sources 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCooling Sources 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeat Exchange Surface Overview 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciple of Heat Transfer Calculation 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculations By Type of Surface 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVessel Jacket, Agitated Side 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimple Unbaffled Jacket, Jacket Side 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimple Jacket, Jacket Side 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHalf-Pipe Coil, Jacket Side 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelical Coil, Inside 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelical Coil, Process Side 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical Tube Bundle, Inside 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical Tube Bundle, Process Side 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlate Coil, Inside 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlate Coil, Process Side 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample Problem: Vertical Tube Bundle 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Statement 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem Solution 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Consideration: Effect on Power Draw 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Consideration: Forces on Heat Exchange Surfaces Used as Baffles 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Consideration: Wall Viscosity 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Consideration: Effect of Gas 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal Heat Exchange Loops 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Readings 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Gasses Other Than Air and Liquids Other Than Water \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Principle 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComments on Some Specific Gasses 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmmonia 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbon Dioxide 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbon Monoxide 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrogen 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethane 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygen 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEconomic Factors 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisposal Factors 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Different Gasses on kla 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Different Gasses on Driving Force 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperating Condition Effects 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstraints on Outlet Concentration 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSafety 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiquids Other Than Water 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Viscous Fermentation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Background 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Viscosity 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViscosity Models for Broths 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Viscosity on Power Draw 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample Problem 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample Problem Answer 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Viscosity on kla 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Viscosity on Holdup 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Viscosity on Blend Time 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Viscosity on Flooding 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaverns 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating Cavern Size 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXanthan and Gellan Gums 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViscosity Models for Gums 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstallation Survey 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of D\/T and No. and Type of Impellers on Results in Xanthan Gum 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction Curve 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeat Transfer 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll-Axial Impeller Design 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvisible Draft Tube vs. Axial\/Radial Combination 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMycelial Broths 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical Viscosity Model 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMorphology Effects 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommendations 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Three Phase Fermentation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Problem 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect on Mass Transfer 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect on Foam 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmulsion vs. Suspension 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplexity: How to Optimize Operation 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Use of CFD in Fermenter Design \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurpose of This Chapter 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Theory 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods of Presenting Data 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVelocity Distribution 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCavern Formation 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlending Progress 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlow Around Coils 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBubble Size, kla, Holdup 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDO Distribution 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Agitator Seal Design Considerations \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e251\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMain Functions of Fermenter Shaft Seals 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Types of Shaft Seals 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaterial Considerations 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods of Lubricating Seals 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeal Environmental Control and Seal Support System 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeal Life Expectations 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Process Considerations 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Fermenter Agitator Mounting Methods \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e277\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTop Entering Methods 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect Nozzle Mount 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeam Gear Drive Mount with Auxiliary Packing or Lip Seal; Beams Tied into Vessel Sidewall 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeam Gear Drive Mount with Auxiliary Mechanical Seal; Beams Tied into Vessel Sidewall 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeam Gear Drive Mount with Auxiliary Mechanical Seal; Beams Tied into Building Structure 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplete Drive and Seal Mount to Beams Tied into Vessel Sidewall, with Bellows Connector 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplete Drive and Seal Mount to Beams Tied into Building Structure, with Bellows Connector 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBottom Entering Methods 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect Nozzle Mount 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloor Gear Drive Mount with Auxiliary Packing or Lip Seal 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloor Gear Drive Mount with Auxiliary Mechanical Seal 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloor Integrated Drive and Seal Mount with Bellows Connector 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Mechanical Design of Fermenter Agitators \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpeller Design Philosophy 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscussion on Hydraulic Force 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShaft Design Philosophy 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShaft Design Based on Stress 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimple Example Problem 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample Problem with Steady Bearing 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShaft Design Based On Critical Speed 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCantilevered Designs 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample Problem 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnits with Steady Bearings 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolid Shaft vs. Hollow Shaft 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of FEA in Overall Shaft Design-Simplified Discussion 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgitator Gear Drive Selection Concepts 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly History 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoads Imposed 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHandle or Isolate Loads? 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHandle Loads Option 1: Oversized Commercial Gear Drive 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHandle Loads Option 2: Purpose-Built Agitator Drive 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsolate Loads Option 1: Hollow Quill Integrated Drive with Flexibly Coupled Extension Shaft 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsolate Loads Option 2: Outboard Support Bearing Module 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBearing Life Considerations 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNoise Considerations 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTorsional Natural Frequency 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportant or Useful Mechanical Design Features 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreek Letters 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Sanitary Design \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e335\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinitions 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstruction Principles 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWetted Parts Construction Methods 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWelded Construction 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn-Tank Couplings 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMounting Flange Area 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAxial Impellers 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadial Impellers 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBolts and Nuts 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSteady Bearings 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of Castings, 3-D Printing 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolishing Methods and Measures1: Polishing vs. Burnishing 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolishing Methods and Measures2: Lay 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolishing Methods and Measures3: Roughness Average 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectropolish 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePassivating 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect on Mechanical Design 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Sources of Information 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Aspect Ratio \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e359\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition and Illustration of Aspect Ratio 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is the Optimum Aspect Ratio? 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Z\/T on Cost and Performance at a Given Working Volume 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVessel Cost 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgitator Shaft Design Difficulty 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower Required for Mass Transfer 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgitator Cost 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAirflow Requirements 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompressor Power 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDO Uniformity 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeat Transfer Capability 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReal Estate\/Land Usage Issues 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuilding Codes; Noise 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIllustrative Problem Number 1 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVessel Dimensions 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAirflow and Power 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeat Transfer Data and Assumptions 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeat Transfer Results 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlend Time, DO Uniformity 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapital Cost (Agitator Plus Vessel Only) 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Operating Costs 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSo What Is the Optimum Aspect Ratio for This Problem? 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIllustrative Problem Number 2 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIllustrative Problem Number 3 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Vendor Evaluation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e383\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduct Considerations 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGear Drive Ruggedness 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Technology 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpeller Selection 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShaft Design 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompany Considerations 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReputation with Customers 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompany Size 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYears in Business 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYears Under New Ownership 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployee Turnover 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical Integration 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u0026amp;D Program and Publications 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDepth of Application Engineering 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting Laboratory 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISO Certification (Necessary vs Sufficient) 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality Control Program (Not Lot Sample; 100%) 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRep vs Direct Sales (a Good Rep Annoys the Manufacturer) 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eService Capability 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypical Delivery Times and Performance 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParts Availability 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrice (Least Important) 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWillingness to Work with Consultants 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVendor Audit Checklist 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of an Outside Consultant 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Appendix to Chapter 20 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 International Practices \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e401\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNorth America 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVendors 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Practices 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelling\/Buying Practices 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegree of Vertical Integration 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Design Firms 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u0026amp;D 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCulture 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEU 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVendors 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Practices 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelling\/Buying Practices 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegree of Vertical Integration 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Design Firms 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u0026amp;D 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCulture 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJapan 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVendors 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Practices 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelling\/Buying Practices 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegree of Vertical Integration 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Design Firms 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u0026amp;D 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCulture 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVendors 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Practices 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelling\/Buying Practices 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegree of Vertical Integration 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Design Firms 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u0026amp;D 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCulture 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Chapter 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCultural Resources 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfterword 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 417\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407109267799,"sku":"9781119650492","price":109.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119650492.jpg?v=1730498208","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/agitator-design-for-gasliquid-fermenters-and-bioreactors-9781119650492","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}