{"product_id":"advanced-functional-textiles-and-polymers-9781119605799","title":"Advanced Functional Textiles and Polymers","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book on advanced functional textiles and polymers will offer a comprehensive view of cutting-edge research in newly discovered areas such as flame retardant textiles, antimicrobial textiles, insect repellent textiles, aroma textiles, medical-textiles, smart textiles, and nano-textiles etc. The second part the book provides innovative fabrication strategies, unique methodologies and overview of latest novel agents employed in the research and development of functional polymers.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Flame Retarded Cotton Fabrics: Current Achievements, Open Challenges, and Future Perspectives 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGiulio Malucelli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Textile Finishing with Sol–Gel Treatments 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Fully Inorganic Systems 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Phosphorus-Doped Sol–Gel Coatings 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Sol–Gel Coatings 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Textile Finishing with Layer-by-Layer Assemblies 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Fully Inorganic LbL Assemblies on Cotton 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Intumescent LbL Assemblies on Cotton 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Hybrid LbL Assemblies on Cotton 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Current Limitations of Sol–Gel and Layer-by-Layer Treatments 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 UV Protective Clothing 33\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnu Mishra and Bhupendra Singh Butola\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Harmful Effects of UV Radiations on Skin 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Short-Term Effects 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Long-Term Effects 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Environmental Factors Influencing UV Level on Earth 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Effect of Ozone Layer Depletion 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Solar Elevation (Height of the Sun in the Sky) 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Latitude and Altitude 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Cloud Cover and Haze 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Ground Reflection 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Effect of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Textile Materials on UV Protection 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Effect of Physical Parameters 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1.1 Yarn Structural Parameters 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1.2 Fabric Structural Parameters 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Effect of Chemical Parameters 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.1 Effect of Fiber Chemistry 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.2 Effect of Chemical Processing (Bleaching, Dyeing, and Other Finishing Chemicals) 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Type of UV Finishes, Their Working Mechanism, and Limitations 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Organic UV Absorbers 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Inorganic UV Blockers 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Application Methods of UV Finish in Textiles 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Test Methods for Quantitative Assessment of UV Protection of Textiles 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro \u003c\/i\u003e56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 \u003ci\u003eIn Vivo \u003c\/i\u003e57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Summary 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Potential of Textile Structure Reinforced Composites for Automotive Applications 65\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVikas Khatkar, R. N. Manjunath, Sandeep Olhan and B. K. Behera\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Materials for Automotive 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Metallic Materials in Automotive 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.1 Steel 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.2 Aluminum 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.3 Magnesium 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Composite Materials for Automotives 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.1 Natural Fiber Reinforcement Polymer Composites 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2.2 Advance Fiber-Based Composite 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Advantage of Composite Over Conventional Materials 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3.1 Lightweight 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3.2 Crashworthiness 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3.3 Joining 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3.4 Recycling 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Textile Materials for Automotive 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Textile Structural Composites for Automotive 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1.1 3D Fabrics as New Solutions for Transportation Applications 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Potential Automotive Parts to be Replaced with Textile Structural Composites 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Automotive Interiors 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Exterior Body Panels 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.1 Car Hoods (Bonnet) 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.2 Bumpers 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.3 Door Panels 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Structural Components 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.1 Leaf Spring 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Lightweight Solution for Electric Car 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Conclusion 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Biotechnology Applications in Textiles 99\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLalit Jajpura\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Adverse Effects of Industrial Farm Practices in Cotton Cultivation 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Adverse Effect of Synthetic Fertilizers 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Adverse Effect of Synthetic Pesticides 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Adverse Effect of Excessive Irrigation 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Application of Biotechnology in Cotton Cultivation 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Gene Construction and Transformation 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Bt Cotton 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Wet Processing of Cotton and Its Environmental Impact 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Enzyme and Its Properties 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Classification of Enzymes 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Enzymatic Bioprocessing of Cotton 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Desizing 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Enzymatic Desizing 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2.1 Amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.1) 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2.2 Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Scouring 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Enzymatic Scouring 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4.1 Pectinase (EC 3.2.1.15) 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4.2 Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4.3 Cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4.4 Cutinase (EC 3.1.1.74) 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4.5 Xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.5 Enzymatic Bleaching 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.5.1 Laccase (E.C. 1.10.3.2) 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Removal by Catalase 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Catalase (E.C. 1.11.1.6) 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Biopolishing of Cotton 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Enzymatic Fading of Denim 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Application of Biotechnology in Wool Production and its Wet Processing 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Enzymatic Bioprocessing of Wool 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12.1 Enzymatic Carbonization of Wool 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12.2 Enzymatic Scouring of Wool 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12.2.1 Protease (EC 3.4.21.112) 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12.3 Enzymatic Finishing of Wool 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Application of Biotechnology in Sericulture and Wet Processing of Silk 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14 Enzymatic Bioprocessing of Silk 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.15 Application of Biotechnology in Sustainable Finishing 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.16 Application of Enzyme Immobilization Techniques in Reuse of Enzymes 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.17 Conclusion 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Environmental Issues in Textiles 129\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRishabh Kumar Saran, Raj Kumar and Shashikant Yadav\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Textile Fiber 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Processes in the Textile Industry 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Key Environmental Issues 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Supply Water 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Chlorinated Solvents 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Hydrocarbon Solvents—Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Hydrocarbon Solvents—Aromatic Hydrocarbons 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Oxygenated Solvents (Alcohols\/Glycols\/Ethers\/Esters\/Ketones\/Aldehydes) 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.6 Grease and Oil Impregnated Wastes 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.7 Used Oils 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.8 Dyestuffs and Pigments Containing Dangerous Substances 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.9 Heat and Energy Generation From Textile Industry Waste 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.10 Carbon Footprint of a Textile Product 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Environmental Impact of Textile Industry Wastewater 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Environmental Legislation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Water Saving Technologies for Textile Chemical Processing 153\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNagender Singh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Indian Textile Industry 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Water Consumption in Textile Processing 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Technologies for Water Saving in Textile Chemical Processing 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Process Optimization Techniques 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Emerging Water-Saving Wet Processing Technologies 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Low Liquor Technologies 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Conclusion 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Photocatalytic Dye Degradation Using Modified Titania 171\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eWaseem Raza and Mohd Faraz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Discovery of Photocatalysis: A Short Historical Overview 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Photocatalytic Mechanism 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Mechanism Under Visible Light Irradiation 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4 Direct Mechanism for Dye Degradation 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.5 Our Research Focus 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Photocatalytic Application 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Fe-Doped TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Degradation of Acid Yellow 29 Using La and Mo-Doped TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Carbon Sphere (CS) 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Degradation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 Using La and Mo-Doped TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Carbon Sphere 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Degradation of Acid Green 25 Using La and Mo-Doped TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Carbon Sphere 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Degradation of Acid Yellow 29 Using Ce and Mn-Doped TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Carbon Sphere 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.6 Degradation of Acid Green 25 Using Ce and Mn-Doped TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Carbon Sphere 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.7 Degradation of Barbituric Acid and Matrinidazole in Using Undoped and Ni-Doped TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Factors Affecting the Degradation of Organic Pollutants 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Effect of pH 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Effect of Photocatalyst Loading 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Effect of Calcination Temperature 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Effect of Reaction Temperature 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Effect of Inorganic Ions 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Conclusions 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Advanced Approaches for Remediation of Textile Wastewater: A Comparative Study 201\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShumaila Kiran, Sofia Nosheen, Shazia Abrar, Fozia Anjum, Tahsin Gulzar and Saba Naz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Textile Wastewater 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Characteristics of Textile Wastewater 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Damages Caused by Textile Effluent 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.4 Ecological Balance and Environmental Issue 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.5 Need for the Treatment 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.6 Standards of Textile Industry for Water Contaminants 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Treatment Methods for Textile Effluent 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Dealings to Control Water Contamination 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Physical Methods 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.1 Screening 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.2 Coagulation–Flocculation Treatments 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.3 Sedimentation 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.4 Equalization or Homogenization 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.5 Floatation 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.6 Adsorption 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.7 Membrane Processes 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Chemical Methods 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.1 Chemical Precipitation 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.2 Neutralization 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.3 Electro Chemical Process 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.4 Oxidation Methods 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.5 Ion Exchange Process 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Biological Methods 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.1 Efficiency of Biological Methods 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.2 Bacterial Decolorization of Dyes 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.3 Dye Degradation by Fungal Cultures 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.4 Algae for Degradation of Dyes 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4.5 Microbial Fuel Cell 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Sequential Method for Textile Effluent Treatment 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Levels of Textile Effluent Treatments 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.1 Preliminary Treatment 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.2 Primary Treatment 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.3 Secondary Treatment 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1.4 Tertiary Treatment 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Conclusion 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Polymer-Supported Nanocomposite-Based Nanomaterials for Removal and Recovery of Pollutants and Their Application in Bio-Electrochemical System 265\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAbdul Hakeem Anwer, Nishat Khan, Mohammad Shahadat, Mohammad Zain Khan, Ziauddin Ahammad Shaikh and Syed Wazed Ali\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Reason for Selection of Polyaniline-Based Nanocomposite Material 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Synthesis of PANI Based Nanocomposite 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2.1 Sol–Gel Methode 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2.2 Hydrothermal Method 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2.3 Chemical Reduction Method 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2.4 Chemical \u003ci\u003eIn Situ \u003c\/i\u003ePolymerization Method 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Treatment of Wastewater Using Bioelectrochemical System 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3.1 Microbial Fuel Cell 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3.2 MEC System 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3.3 Electrode Material 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 Polyaniline-Supported Electrodic Material for MFC\/MEC 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Conclusion 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Reactive and Functional Polymers 291\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTanvir Arfin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Types of Textiles 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Location of Textile Industries in India 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Role of Polymer 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Chitosan 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Starch 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Gelatin 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Cellulose 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Protein 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.6 MWCNT 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.7 Dendrimer 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.8 Polystyrene 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.9 Nylon-6,6 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.10 Polyaniline 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.11 Polyvinyl Alcohol 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusion 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Fabrication and Biomedical Applications of Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Based Nanocomposites with Special Emphasis on the Anti-Bacterial Applications of Metal\/Metal Oxide Polymer Nanocomposites 309\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShahnawaz Ahmad Bhat, Fahmina Zafar, Azar Ullah Mirza, Abdulrahman Mohammad, Paramjit Singh and Nahid Nishat\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Scope of the Chapter 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Metal\/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Preparation of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.1 Co-Precipitation Method 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.2 Hydrothermal Technique 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.3 Micro-Emulsion Method 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1.4 Sol–Gel Method 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Nanocomposite 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Preparation of Nanocomposite 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.1 \u003ci\u003eEx Situ \u003c\/i\u003eMethod 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1.2 \u003ci\u003eIn Situ \u003c\/i\u003eMethod 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Biomedical Applications of Nanocomposite 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Anticancer Application 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Antibacterial Application 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Conclusions 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Preparation, Classification, and Applications of Smart Hydrogels 337\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAli Akbar Merati, Nahid Hemmatinejad, Mina Shakeri and Azadeh Bashari\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Preparation and Characterization of Smart Hydrogels 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Preparation of Smart Hydrogels 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Characterization of Smart Hydrogels 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Classifications of Smart Hydrogels 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Physical Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Chemical Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Biochemical Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Applications of Smart Hydrogels 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Drug Delivery Systems 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Injectable Hydrogels 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Tissue Engineering 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Smart Hydrogels as Actuators 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.5 Sensors 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.6 Self-Healing 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Smart Hydrogel-Functionalized Textile Systems 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Electrospinning of Smart Hydrogels 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Future Trends of Smart Hydrogels 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Conclusions 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Potential Applications of Chitosan Nanocomposites: Recent Trends and Challenges 365\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTara Chand Yadav, Pallavi Saxena, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Amit Kumar Singh, Ravi Kumar Yadav, Harish, R. Prasad and Vikas Pruthi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Synthetic Routes for the Preparation of Nanocomposites of Chitosan 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 General Synthetic Routes 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Physical Methods 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2.1 Photochemical Methods (UV, Near-IR), Radiolysis, and Sonochemistry 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 Chemical Method 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3.1 Borohydride Reduction 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3.2 Citrate Reduction 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.4 Seeding-Growth Method 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.5 Biosynthesis Methods 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Applications of Chitosan Nanocomposites 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Chitosan Treatment of Textiles 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1.1 Wool 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1.2 Silk 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1.3 Cotton 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Textile Functionalities Achieved 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2.1 Antimicrobial and Enriched Dyeing Properties 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2.2 Wrinkle Proof Resistance 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Effluent Treatment Applications 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Bioremediation 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Biomedical Application 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Drug Delivery 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Wound Healing 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.1 Scaffolds Ingrained with Chitosan\/Natural\/Synthetic Graft for Wound Healing 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.2 Composite Chitosan Graft Scaffoldings for Wound Healing 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.3 Chitosan–Oil Ingrained Grafts for Wound Healing 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.4 Plant Extract Ingrained Chitosan Film Scaffoldings for Wound Healing 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.5 Modified Chitosan Products for Wound Healing 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.6 Toxicological Assessment of Tri-Methyl Chitosan 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.7 Effect of Trimethyl Chitosan in Wound Healing 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.8 Impact of Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Carboxymethyl-Trimethyl Chitosan 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.9 Peptides Conjugates-Chitosan\/Derivatives for Wound Healing 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.10 Commercial Dressing Bandages of Chitosan Blend 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Future Prospects 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Use of Polymer Nanocomposites in Asphalt Binder Modification \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e405\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSaqib Gulzar and Shane Underwood\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Background 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Asphalt Binders 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Asphalt Modification 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Comparative Analysis 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Polymer Nanocomposites 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Polymers and Nanomaterials 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Polymer Nanocomposites (PNC) 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2.1 PNC Blended Systems 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2.2 PNC Integrated Systems 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Rheological Impacts 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Measures for Polymer Modified and Nano Modified Asphalt Binder Systems 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Measures with PNC Modified Asphalt 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Suggested Evaluation Method for PNC Modified Asphalt Binders 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Summary 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 433\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley \u0026 Sons Inc","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407097995607,"sku":"9781119605799","price":162.45,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119605799.jpg?v=1730498170","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/advanced-functional-textiles-and-polymers-9781119605799","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}