{"product_id":"adult-orthodontics-9781119775775","title":"Adult Orthodontics","description":"\u003cb\u003eBook Synopsis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe complete reference work covering the increasingly prominent area of adult orthodontics\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten by renowned contributors from the orthodontic community and compiled by world-class editors, \u003ci\u003eAdult Orthodontics\u003c\/i\u003e, 2nd Edition is an authoritative resource on the subject of adult orthodontics, marrying together clinical guidance with a thorough evaluation of the evidence base. Sample topics discussed within the book include:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eContext for adult orthodontics, including patient demographics and aetiology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTreatment planning considerations, including patient case profiles, initial outcomes and longer-term expectations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eInterdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches, including the links between adult orthodontics and periodontics, prosthetics, and temporomandibular disorders\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book is an invaluable resource for professionals providing orthodontic treatment to adults and those dealing with orthodontics as part of the interd\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrade Review\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"The contents are clear, concise and well structured. In total, there are 21 chapters, which cover the full scope of adult orthodontic treatment, with a particular focus on clinical challenges which are unique for the adult patient. Each chapter is succinct and well written, with a structured flow which allows the reader to digest the subjects being discussed. The fundamental areas of adult orthodontics covered include diagnosis, aetiology, interdisciplinary versus multidisciplinary treatments, anchorage, treatment planning and post-treatment maintenance.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e- Zohaib S. Khan, Specialist in Orthdontics, St Helens, UK, Published in B\u003ci\u003eritish Dental Journal\u003c\/i\u003e (Nov 23)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"... this newly updated and expanded edition of \u003ci\u003eAdult Orthodontics\u003c\/i\u003e is an authoritative resource on the subject of adult orthodontics, blending together clinical guidance with a thorough evaluation of the evidence base.... An invaluable and comprehensive instructional and informational resource for professionals providing orthodontic treatment to adults and those dealing with orthodontics as part of the interdisciplinary management of the adult dentition, \u003ci\u003eAdult Orthodontics\u003c\/i\u003e is especially recommended as a core addition to personal, professional, and academic library Dentistry\/Orthodontics collections.\"\u003cbr\u003e—\u003cb\u003eLibrary Bookwatch, January 2023, \u003ci\u003eMidwest Book Reviews\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\"Adult Orthodontics is an authoritative resource, written and edited by experts in the field, combining clinical guidance with a thorough evaluation of the evidence base. Diagnostic issues and problems are clearly defined, and solutions and limitations elucidated using case studies...an invaluable reference for professionals providing orthodontic treatment to adults\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e- Peter Folly, British Dental Association, Published in \u003ci\u003eBDJ Team \u003c\/i\u003e(July 22)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable of Contents\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction: More than a Century of Progress in Adult Orthodontic Treatment xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Potential Adult Orthodontic Patients – Who Are They? 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirte Melsen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWho are the patients? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow do the patients express their needs? 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe first visit 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunicating with the patient 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Diagnosis: Chief Complaint and Problem List 12\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirte Melsen, Marco A. Masioli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorkup of a problem list – the interview and chief complaint 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral health 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical examination 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraoral examination 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraoral photographs 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunction of the masticatory system 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraoral analysis – oral health 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluation of dental casts – arch form 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcclusal analysis 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpace analysis 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCephalometric analysis 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinal problem list 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndication for treatment 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe presentation of the problem list – the tip of the iceberg 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcluding remarks 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Aetiology 35\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirte Melsen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological background 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAetiology of malocclusions in adults 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge-related changes in the skeleton 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge-related changes in the craniofacial skeleton 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge-related changes in the local environment 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsequences of deterioration of the dentition 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase reports 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Interdisciplinary versus Multidisciplinary Treatments 54\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirte Melsen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterdisciplinary or multidisciplinary treatments 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstablishment of an interdisciplinary team 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment sequence 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEssential and optional treatment procedures 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteraction during treatment 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost-orthodontic treatment 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient satisfaction 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of interdisciplinary cases 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Treatment Planning: The 3D VTO 65\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirte Melsen, Giorgio Fiorelli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining the treatment goal using the occlusogram 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction of an occlusogram: manual procedure and general concepts 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponding to patients’ needs 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrthodontic treatment: art or science? 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Tissue Reaction 79\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCarlalberta Verna, Birte Melsen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrthopaedic effects 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrthodontic effects in adult patients 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Appliance Design 101\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirte Melsen, Delfino Allais, Giorgio Fiorelli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment goal definition 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnchorage evaluation 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSequencing the treatment into phases 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppliance selection and design 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Anchorage Problems 141\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirte Melsen, Carlalberta Verna\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of anchorage 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntramaxillary anchorage 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferential anchorage 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoft-tissue anchorage 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFree anchorage 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntermaxillary anchorage 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcclusion 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferential timing of force application 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraoral anchorage 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkeletal anchorage 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProsthodontic implants 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemporary anchorage devices 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePalatal implants 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePalatal mini-implants with abutments, optimal insertion sites and possible mechanics 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplant placement and adaption of the mechanics 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical applications for palatal mini-implants 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnplant 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetromolar implants 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmediately loadable devices 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZygoma ligature 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiniplates 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMini-implants 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaterial 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign of the intraosseous parts 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign of the transmucosal parts 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign of the head of the mini-implant 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe screwdriver 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsertion site 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsertion 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibiotics 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoad transfer 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTissue reaction to loading 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoading 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrthodontic mechanics 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternative application of TADs used as anchorage 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndications 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplications 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat happens if the screw touches a root? 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFailures 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems related to the mini-implant and solutions 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems related to the insertion procedure 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems related to the patient 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture of TADs 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Bonding Problems Related to Adult Reconstructed Dentitions 181\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVittorio Cacciafesta\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrackets 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Basis of the Bonding Clinical Procedure 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBanding 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuxiliary Attachments and Aesthetic Buttons 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnchorage Needs and Reinforcement 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBonded Retainers 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Material-Related Adverse Reactions in Orthodontics 216\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDorthe Arenholt Bindslev, Gottfried Schmalz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFixed appliances 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemovable appliances 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous materials 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcluding remarks 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Patients with Periodontal Problems 235\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirte Melsen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevalence of periodontal disease 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalocclusion and periodontal disease 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrthodontics and periodontal disease 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndications for orthodontic treatment in periodontally involved patients 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of patients with flared and extruded upper incisors 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTissue reaction to intrusion of teeth with horizontal bone loss 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of patients with vertical bone defects 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat are the periodontal limits for orthodontic tooth movement? 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSequence of treatment in periodontally involved patients 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion regarding influence of orthodontic treatment on periodontal status 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 A Systematic Approach to the Orthodontic Treatment of Periodontally Involved Anterior Teeth 265\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJaume Janer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle tooth gingival recession 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgressive spacing of incisors 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase reports 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement of periodontally involved teeth 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Interdisciplinary Collaboration between Orthodontics and Periodontics 293\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrancesco Milano, Laura Guerra Milano\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriodontal diagnosis 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory taking and clinical and radiographic examination 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreening for periodontal disease 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal factors predisposing to periodontal therapy 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTiming of ortho–perio treatment 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriodontal therapy 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical therapy 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMucogingival and aesthetic surgery 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegenerative surgical therapy 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupportive periodontal treatment 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrtho–perio and multidisciplinary clinical cases 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Prosthetically Guided Orthodontic Strategies 323\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eArturo Imbelloni, Cesare Luzi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterdisciplinary treatment planning: orthodontics in periodontal prosthesis 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProsthodontic indications for orthodontic therapy 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre-prosthodontic orthodontics 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of temporisation in interdisciplinary treatment 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProsthodontic finalisation 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Patients with Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Problems 348\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirte Melsen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrthodontics and dysfunction 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControversy in the literature regarding TMD and occlusion 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment and TMD 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of clicking joints 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrthodontic treatment of patients with TMD 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganisation of the treatment 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders 362\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePeter Svensson, Fernando G. Exposto\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification and epidemiology 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnostic procedures 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk factors and aetiology 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathophysiology 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Clear Aligners and Their Role in Orthodontics 379\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSonil Kalia, Reginald Mietke, Birte Melsen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of aligners 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifference between aligner treatments and conventional orthodontic treatments 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat types of patients are seeking aligner treatments? 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre-treatment considerations 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat has to be evaluated before the aligners are produced? 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForce-driven or displacement-driven aligners? 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvisalign® 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrthocaps® 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies on treatment efficacy and efficiency of aligner 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat role will the aligners play in the future? 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Progressive Slenderising Technique 392\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDr Pablo Echarri, Emma Vila Mancho\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition and objectives 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthropological justification of slenderising 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfluence of slenderising on dental plaque, caries and periodontal disease 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndications 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContraindications 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvantages of slenderising 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow much enamel can be stripped? 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial considerations 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstrumentation for slenderising 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgressive slenderising technique 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlenderising with aligners 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe design and planning of the slenderising and preventing risks in slenderising 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStripping and Bolton index 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow much enamel can be worn out? 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial and dental midlines 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeeth size 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign and planning of the stripping 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgressive stripping technique 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase reports 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Post-Treatment Maintenance 423\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirte Melsen, Sonil Kalia\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStability 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological maintenance 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical maintenance – retention 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntermaxillary retention 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActive retention plates 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLatest technology in retainers fabrication (bonded and vacuum-formed) 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirtual removal of fixed appliances and or attachments to fabricate retainers 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetention after aligner orthodontic treatments 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture developments 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Treatment Duration: Can It be Shortened? 438\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSabarinath Prasad, Mauro Farella, Birte Melsen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjuncts to accelerate tooth movements 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment-related factors 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 What are the Limits of Orthodontic Treatment? 446\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBirte Melsen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat determines the limits? 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 448\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"John Wiley and Sons Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49407148425559,"sku":"9781119775775","price":107.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0817\/1739\/5799\/files\/9781119775775.jpg?v=1730498338","url":"https:\/\/bookcurl.com\/products\/adult-orthodontics-9781119775775","provider":"Book Curl","version":"1.0","type":"link"}